Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Breaking new ground: First case of keratitis by Apiospora","authors":"Diptanu Paul ,&nbsp;Bruttendu Moharana ,&nbsp;Shraddha B. Sawant ,&nbsp;Supriya Sahu ,&nbsp;Subhasmita Bahinapati ,&nbsp;Madhuchhanda Das ,&nbsp;Vinaykumar Hallur","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungi belonging to <em>Apiospora</em> are phytopathogens not reported from human infections. Here, we report a case of keratitis due to <em>Apiospora</em> species in a carpenter who sustained a bamboo shrapnel injury to his eye when he was not wearing safety goggles. Thin hyaline septate hyphae were found on calcofluor white with potassium hydroxide (Calco-KOH) preparation of the scraping. A nonsporulating white mold grew from the corneal scrape, identified as <em>A. rasikravindrae</em> by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The patient improved with debridement and topical antifungal therapy. Educational interventions are needed to encourage safety goggles to prevent corneal injuries and blindness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of truenat MTB plus for the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Reena Anie Jose ,&nbsp;Leeberk Raja Inbaraj ,&nbsp;Ria Catherine Vincent ,&nbsp;Adhin Baskar ,&nbsp;Renu Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB) has been a challenge till the advent of rapid molecular diagnostic tests. The traditional diagnostic tests have its own limitations with regard to its performance or the turnaround time. Truenat MTB Plus assay, a battery-operated molecular assay developed in India has been introduced for its use in pulmonary TB (PTB). However, the diagnostic accuracy of the assay is not well studied in comparison with Mycobacterial culture, especially for extrapulmonary TB (EPTB).</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Truenat MTB Plus assay for both PTB and EPTB comparing with culture for adult population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The specimens from presumptive PTB and EPTB patients were processed for Truenat MTB Plus assay, solid or liquid culture and AFB staining. The electronic data of all the specimen reports collected retrospectively were analysed for the sensitivity and specificity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of the 736 samples which had valid culture reports, 364 (49.4 %) were respiratory and 372 (50.6 %) were extrapulmonary specimens. The test positivity rate for smear microscopy, Truenat MTB Plus assay and culture was 3.7 % (27), 8.2 % (60), 7.1 % (52) respectively. Of the 60 Truenat MTB Plus positive patients with TB, 33 (55 %) were PTB and 27 (45 %) were EPTB. We estimated overall sensitivity and specificity of Truenat MTB Plus as 90 % (95 % CI: 73.4–97.8) and 98. 2 (95 % CI:96–99.3) respectively for the detection of PTB. The overall sensitivity and specificity for EPTB was 81.8 % (95 % CI: 59.7–94.8) and 97.4 % (95 % CI: 95.1–98.8) respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Truenat MTB Plus assay has comparable diagnostic accuracy with other molecular assays. The Truenat MTB Plus assay can be used for the diagnosis of PTB and EPTB, especially in resource limited settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive aspergillosis due to cryptic Aspergillus species: A prospective study from a single centre in India","authors":"R. Sruti Janani,&nbsp;Immaculata Xess,&nbsp;Bimal Kumar Das,&nbsp;Saumya Cs,&nbsp;Tamanna Bordoloi,&nbsp;Mragnayani Pandey,&nbsp;Jaweed Ahmed,&nbsp;Gagandeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><u>&amp; objective</u>: The existence of visually identical cryptic <em>Aspergillus</em> species that can be distinguished only by molecular techniques is becoming more widely acknowledged. For the majority of antifungal drugs, these are known to exhibit a greater minimal inhibitory concentration in vitro. For the purpose of receiving the proper care, it is crucial to identify these species at right time. Our aim in this work is to identify and describe the <em>Aspergillus</em> species that are cryptic from all of the clinical samples.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Routine samples from inpatients and outpatients received in department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, showing growth of <em>Aspergillus</em> species were included in this study. Phenotypic and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation - Time of Flight identified isolates were analysed for cryptic species, by PCR and ITS/<em>ß</em> – tubulin sequencing. In accordance with CLSI recommendations, antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted using micro broth dilution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 94 isolates, 54 <em>A. fumigatus</em>, 34 <em>A. flavus</em>, 3 <em>A. nidulans</em>, 2 <em>A. terreus,</em> and 1 <em>A. niger</em> were morphologically identified. MALDI-TOF misidentified 2 <em>A. nidulans</em> isolates and 1 <em>A, stellatus</em> isolate. The <em>ß</em> – tubulin sequence analysis revealed that 2 isolates (2.08 %) were cryptic, one was <em>A. stellatus</em> and another one was <em>A. tubingensis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking a looming crisis: Escalating MIC of last resort drugs against MRSA isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Central India","authors":"Neha S. Bawankar ,&nbsp;Gopal N. Agrawal,&nbsp;Sunanda S. Zodpey (Shrikhande)","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified methicillin-resistant <em>S aureus</em> (MRSA) as a serious public health threat. The escalating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of standard anti-methicillin-resistant <em>S aureus</em> (MRSA) drugs within the susceptible range, known as \"MIC creep,\" jeopardizes their effectiveness against MRSA infections, posing additional challenges in managing MRSA infections. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Central India to assess the susceptibility trends of clinical MRSA isolates against commonly used anti-MRSA drugs and to observe MIC creep, if any, over three years (2020–2022).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study included 158 non-repetitive clinical MRSA isolates. The MICs of vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid were determined in MRSA strains using agar dilution, while the MIC of daptomycin was performed by broth microdilution. MIC creep was assessed by calculating MIC50, MIC90, Modal MIC, G-mean MIC, and susceptible and resistant percentages for the fiscal years 2020, 2021, and 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 158 MRSA isolates, none were resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin, but two showed resistance to linezolid (LRSA). However, fifteen isolates showed intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA), and five showed intermediate resistance to teicoplanin (TISA). MIC of these anti-MRSA drugs increased in 2021 and 2022 compared to 2020. G-mean MIC for vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid in MRSA strains increased significantly over the study period, while daptomycin MIC remained relatively stable, with a slight increase in 2021 and 2022. There was a high resistance rate for clindamycin, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol among VISA, TISA, and LRSA isolates compared to MRSA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>During the three years of the study, “MIC creep” was observed in vancomycin, teicoplanin, and linezolid and, to some extent, for daptomycin in MRSA strains. The recovery of VISA, TISA, and linezolid-resistant MRSAs is worrisome, suggesting possible MRSA treatment failure and being a forerunner of resistant strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of nurse: Patient ratio as a factor in hand hygiene compliance in a tertiary care hospital in North India: Perception versus reality","authors":"Manisha Biswal,&nbsp;Parakriti Gupta,&nbsp;Reet,&nbsp;Aakanksha Dutta,&nbsp;Harinder Kaur,&nbsp;Kulbeer Kaur,&nbsp;Rupinder Kaur,&nbsp;Manjinder Kaur,&nbsp;Navneet Dhaliwal,&nbsp;Pankaj Arora","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aptamer and aptasensor technology for diagnosis of infectious diseases: A mini review","authors":"Radhika K. Madalgi ,&nbsp;Suresh B. Arakera ,&nbsp;Raghavendra D. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Aptamers are not so new a concept, however, it is scarcely discussed by medical fraternity. Aptamers are potent, new identification molecules set to rope in a new technique in the diagnostic arena. Aptamers have started almost a revolution in diagnostic assays since their discovery in the 90s. (Radu S. Current and previous disease outbreaks around the world, U.S. News &amp; World Report. 2020 Mar 13 [cited 2024 Jun 17]. Available from: <span><span>https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/20-pandemic-and-epidemic-diseases-according-to-who</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) provides an overview of pandemics and epidemics as reported by the WHO. It is interesting to note that several endemic and epidemic diseases viz. Chikungunya, Cholera, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease, Hendra virus infection, Influenza, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, Meningitis, MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus), Monkeypox, Nipah virus infection, Novel coronavirus, Plague, Rift Valley fever, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), Smallpox, Tularaemia, Yellow fever, and Zika virus disease have been identified by the WHO and are being explored for applicability of aptamer technology in their identification.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>One of the most important necessities to control epidemic or pandemic diseases is early diagnosis. However, the majority of the diagnostic tests for these diseases are available only in tertiary care centres. The objective of this review is to discuss the potential of aptamer technology to provide undemanding, simple, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic assays that are useable in remote and field conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Content</h3><p>Here, we discuss recent advances and approaches in aptamer and aptamer engineering useful in the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious conditions. This review also discusses a few sensing discoveries which are a gift of advanced engineering and technology using optical and electrochemical aptasensors. It's still a long way to go, and we need to take into account the technological challenges being faced by aptamer-aptasensor technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human monkeypox virus: A systematic critical review during the pandemic peak","authors":"Neama Derhab","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In July 2022, the world health organization (WHO) announced the monkeypox virus (MPXV) as a public health emergency of international concern, due to the unprecedented global transmission of the disease beyond previously endemic countries in Africa.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this systematic review, the author searched the “web of science” (WoS) database, which retrieves 138 articles on MPXV, published between 01-04–2022 and 22-09-2022. This period witnessed the maximum cases of infection as confirmed by the WHO. Seventy articles were used for in-depth analysis, after excluding papers not highly relevant to the topic.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>The current review demonstrates different types of MPXV identification analysis, transmission of MPXV, clinical features, immune responses against MPXV, the mutations, and phylogenetic analysis. It also identifies the patients with high-risk complications and determines the other diseases related to MPXV. This paper provides suggestions for the suitable usage of vaccines or antiviral drugs as a procedure to control the outbreak and preventive strategies related to the humans. This research discusses significant implications and recommendations to contribute in reducing the spread of MPXV and presents avenues for upcoming MPXV research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in a reference laboratory in Central India: Forging ahead towards TB elimination","authors":"Prabha Desikan ,&nbsp;Nikita Panwalkar ,&nbsp;Aseem Rangnekar ,&nbsp;Zeba Khan ,&nbsp;Ram Prakash Punde ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Ragini Kushwaha ,&nbsp;Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja ,&nbsp;Sridhar Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) of the Government of India has strived to control tuberculosis (TB) in the country through various interventions. Understanding the trends of resistance patterns may provide insights into the effectiveness of TB control activities in the country.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 31,144 clinical samples were received from 2013 to 2022 from presumptive drug-resistant TB patients. All the specimens were decontaminated and subjected to the line probe assay for detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MTB) was detected in 28,814 samples. Autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) was fitted to assess the trend over time.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A decreasing trend in multi-drug resistant TB from 19 % in 2013 to 4 % in 2022 was seen. A decreasing trend in rifampicin monoresistance from 11.2 % in 2013 to 1.5 % in 2022 was seen, though there was an increase in resistance in 2017. No significant decreasing trends were seen in the proportion of isoniazid monoresistance from 8.3 % in 2013 to 7 % in 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings are encouraging, and to a considerable extent, affirm that India is well on track with regard to the goal of TB elimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent pyogenic brain abscess in immunocompetent patient by Bacteroides fragilis: A silent cause of concern","authors":"Sonu Kumari Agrawal ,&nbsp;Tanu Sagar ,&nbsp;P Sarat Chandra ,&nbsp;Rama Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic bacteria are rare but important cause of otogenic brain abscess. Improved patient management techniques and early clinical and laboratory diagnosis of otogenic infections are necessary to reduce the risk of intracranial complications. Here we present a case of recurrent pyogenic brain abscess caused by <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> secondary to otitis media.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and its clinico-epidemiological aspects at a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal","authors":"Nupur Pal ,&nbsp;Raja Ray ,&nbsp;Somenath Kundu ,&nbsp;Avijit Hazra ,&nbsp;Singdha Sau ,&nbsp;Suhita Sur ,&nbsp;Shreya Saha ,&nbsp;Wasim Mallick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multidrug -resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a serious threat to mankind. India has the highest number of MDRTB cases, although majority remain undiagnosed due to inadequate diagnostic infrastructure, leading to increased community transmission and mortality. This one-year observational retrospective study highlighted the effectiveness of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) for prompt detection of drug-resistant TB by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and revealed its associated clinico-epidemiological factors. The overall detection rates of MTB and RRTB were 20.70 % and 20.86 % respectively. The pediatric population had 7.69 % rifampicin resistance, and HIV was strongly associated with the development of TB and RRTB (P &lt; 0.01).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13284,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}