Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Study of Corona Loss Characteristics of 750 kV AC Bundle Conductors Under High-Altitude Location of 4300 M","authors":"Wangling He,&nbsp;Jintian Liu,&nbsp;Baoquan Wan,&nbsp;Tao Zhao,&nbsp;Yunpeng Liu,&nbsp;Jilai Xu,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70099","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corona loss is an important technical factor for the construction of ultra-high voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) AC transmission lines. In high-altitude areas, the atmospheric pressure decreases and the ultraviolet rays increase, making it easier for the corona onset of conductors. The control of corona losses is even more essential. Currently, there is little research on the corona loss level of multiple bundle conductors for 750 kV EHV AC projects in high-altitude conditions above 4000 m. In the paper, based on the large corona cage in Yangbajing, Tibet, China, at an altitude of 4300 m, the corona losses of the 6 × LGJ500, 6 × LGJ630 and 8 × LGJ500 conductors were measured by the corona loss measurement system under conditions of dryness, heavy rain and wet conductors. By taking typical 750 kV EHV-AC single-circuit and double-circuit transmission lines as an example, the corona loss equivalent method was used to evaluate the corona loss of transmission line conductors at high altitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggregate Operation Method of Adjustable Power Domain for Technical Virtual Power Plant Based on Cost-Benefit Analysis","authors":"Haibo Zhang,&nbsp;Yunfei Chu,&nbsp;Huilai Chen","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technical virtual power plant (TVPP) must calculate and represent the flexibilities of all distributed energy resources (DERs) in a concise and compact form so as to provide various ancillary services to power systems more efficiently. This paper chooses adjustable power domain (APD) to represent the flexibilities of all DERs. In particular, it also analyses the influence of multiple uncertainties on TVPP's economy during the aggregation process of APD. Firstly, the generator-like model is selected to quantify the aggregate flexibility of TVPP, and the model parameters are solved quickly by equivalent linear programming problems. Secondly, the uncertainties from renewable energy's power supply and power system's dispatching instruction are modelled using probability distribution and confidence interval, respectively. Thirdly, after accounting for the influence from multiple uncertainties on TVPP's APD, this paper establishes the two-stage robust aggregate operation model based on cost-benefit analysis, which is solved by a column-and-constraint generation (C&amp;CG) algorithm. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed aggregate operation method on ensuring flexibility, reliability and economy of TVPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental-Frequency Bus-Impedance Analysis of Power Grids Dominated by Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Inverters","authors":"Jialu Yuan,&nbsp;Yitong Li,&nbsp;Yao Qin,&nbsp;Shaoze Zhou,&nbsp;Dongmei Yang,&nbsp;Zheng Wei","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the low-carbon requirement worldwide, renewable energy resources based on grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters are increasingly being integrated into modern power systems, which can be broadly classified as voltage- and current-type apparatuses. However, the impacts of the locations of the GFM and GFL inverters on the grids are still unclear and are not fully understood. One of the most important indices for assessing grid characteristics is the equivalent fundamental-frequency impedance seen at each bus. Therefore, this article investigates how the placement of GFM and GFL inverters influences the equivalent fundamental-frequency impedance at different buses in a large-scale power grid. The study examines impedance variation patterns at each bus when the GFM and GFL inverters are interchanging with each other. Additionally, a placement scheme has been proposed. Numerical calculations and system simulations are performed on 30-bus and 68-bus systems in order to verify the corresponding theoretical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Real-Time Controller for Energy-Efficient Buildings","authors":"Mohammad Seyfi,&nbsp;Saku Levikari,&nbsp;Mikko Nykyri,&nbsp;Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo,&nbsp;Samuli Honkapuro","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70103","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Energy-efficient buildings play an important role in driving the transition toward more efficient and sustainable energy systems, especially in green local energy communities. However, incorporating such buildings into larger energy networks poses considerable difficulties, particularly in developing control systems that are both effective and efficient. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach is proposed to optimize the control of various decision variables within an integrated energy system including an energy-efficient building. The Markov decision process is formulated to maximize the building's profit from energy transactions with the electricity grid while simultaneously maintaining indoor temperatures at levels preferred by the occupants. To achieve this, the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is scheduled using the DRL method. Specifically, a soft actor-critic (SAC) agent is trained to manage an energy system including a real-case energy-efficient building in Lahti city of Finland with HVAC control system, an energy storage system, solar panels, and energy interactions with the grid. The results demonstrate the ability of the SAC agent to learn near-optimal decision-making strategies, increasing the economic performance of while ensuring thermal comfort for residents. This approach highlights the potential of DRL in enhancing both economic and environmental outcomes in energy building management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptability Analysis and Improvement of Traditional Transformer Protection in Offshore Low-Frequency Wind Power System","authors":"Chenqing Wang,&nbsp;Shi Chen,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu,&nbsp;Yaming Ge,&nbsp;Xiangping Kong,&nbsp;Shuping Gao,&nbsp;Jinyu Zhou","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70107","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since both ends of the AC transmission and outlet lines of the offshore low-frequency transmission system are power electronic equipment, the current distortion during the fault process of the power grid may cause the adaptability of the existing protection to be reduced. The traditional ratiometric differential transformer protection method based on the second harmonic braking principle has a serious delay problem when the low-frequency operation system fails. How to improve the existing protection performance and solve the problem of protection adaptability under the offshore low-frequency wind power system is the core problem of this paper. In this paper, a zero-sequence differential protection based on phase difference is proposed for the internal grounding fault of the transformer, which has strong anti-excitation inrush current interference, and the protection criterion is the self-generated zero-sequence current and the neutral point zero-sequence current on the high-voltage side of the transformer. However, since there is no zero sequence current in the case of interphase fault, a transformer protection based on the phase difference of the negative sequence current is proposed. The offshore low-frequency wind power transmission system was built by PSCAD, and the feasibility of the protection algorithm was verified by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed protection principle operates quickly and reliably no matter any fault occurs in the low-frequency transformer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Economical Hardware Enhancement for Load Break Switch in Smart Distribution Network","authors":"Praditpong Suksirithawornkul,&nbsp;Teratam Bunyagul,&nbsp;Noppadol Charbkaew,&nbsp;Yotaka Chompusri,&nbsp;Tirapong Kasirawat,&nbsp;Narong Tantichayakorn","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70106","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the design and evaluation of an economical hardware platform aimed at enhancing load break switches (LBS) in distribution systems. Simulations conducted using DIgSILENT power factory and PSCAD validated the proposed method. The provincial electricity authority of Chiang Mai province successfully implemented this hardware platform in the Ban Khun Pae smart microgrid project. The hardware platform was under laboratory testing using an overcurrent algorithm to detect fault currents. It successfully identified all potential issues, including saturation currents on feeders, and autonomously transmitted data to operators for timely corrective action. The findings confirmed that single line-to-ground fault currents were the most frequent fault type. The intelligent electronic devices relay and the InHand wireless overhead-line system fault current detectors at the site worked just as well as the improved LBS, showing that they are strong and reliable ways to find faults. This economical and efficient platform not only enhances operational reliability but also paves the way for improved fault monitoring and management in distribution systems, ensuring faster response times and minimizing downtime during faults. The seamless integration with existing feeder infrastructure further highlights its practical utility and scalability, providing an innovative solution to the challenges faced in modern distribution networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Scale Information Attention Network-Based Lightweight Super-Resolution Reconstruction For Infrared Images of Power Equipment","authors":"Hongshan Zhao,&nbsp;Zhonghang Li,&nbsp;Xiaopan Wang,&nbsp;Shiyu Lin,&nbsp;Jingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Weixin Yang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70108","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a super-resolution technique based on a multi-scale information attention network (MIA) aimed at tackling the existing issues of low resolution and unclear temperature distribution in infrared images of power equipment. Firstly, a multi-scale residual distillation module (MRD) is constructed by distilling and refining the input feature maps using lightweight blueprint separable convolution (LBSConv) to fully extract the multi-scale feature information of power equipment; secondly, mixed local-global channel attention (MLGCA) is built to adaptively capture the local and global information in the spatial dimensions of the power equipment, and to enhance the key features extracted by the model then, the super-resolution network is constructed so that the network focuses on multi-scale information, such as texture details and overall contours of infrared images of power equipment, to improve the feature expression ability of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MIA achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 35.315 dB and an structural similarity (SSIM) of 0.9543 on the power equipment infrared image dataset, which are better than several other lightweight models, and provide a better effect in reconstructing power equipment during subjective visual evaluation. The proposed method can enhance the thermal imaging resolution for power equipment, which supports power equipment fault diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Suppression of Commutation Failures in Multi-Infeed HVDC System","authors":"Xianbo Ke,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complexity of multi-infeed direct current (MIDC) systems has increased the risk of continuous DC commutation failures, posing a challenge to the stability of the power grid. The theoretical mechanism of continuous DC commutation failures during the transient process of ground faults in MIDC systems is clearly demonstrated, and the role of transient reactive power compensation by battery energy storage systems (BESS) in suppressing such failures is analysed. To tackle the limitations of conventional strategies, a staged reactive power control strategy based on the combined criterion of the magnitude of the AC voltage dip and the size of the extinction angle is proposed. This strategy dynamically adjusts reactive power during significant AC voltage dips, maintaining voltage support while minimizing adverse effects on the trigger delay angle during the fault recovery. In addition, the effect of the access location and capacity of the BESS on the suppression of continuous DC commutation failures. The results show that setting the BESS closer to the faulty DC receptor and increasing its capacity significantly improves the suppression effect and provides a practical guide for better stability of MIDC systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Wireless Sensor Adaptive Networking for Power Monitoring Based on Ultra Wide Band","authors":"Kaiyun Wen,&nbsp;Hongshan Zhao,&nbsp;Shice Zhao","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the status of power equipment is a key means of ensuring the power grid's safe, reliable, and economical operation. However, current mature wireless communication technology and networking protocols are constrained by the spectral efficiency bottleneck and multipath sensitivity of narrowband systems, which hinders their ability to fulfill the high-reliability and flexibility transmission needs of large-flow data in power monitoring. This paper proposes an adaptive networking method for power monitoring wireless sensor networks (PMWSN) based on ultra-wideband (UWB), fully leveraging the high bandwidth, high temporal resolution, and physical layer advantages of UWB technology in resisting multipath interference. Because of sensor nodes' weak networking ability in power business scenarios, a new PMWSN architecture is presented, which uses routing nodes with high computing power to collect sensor data and network. The wireless routing and gateway device based on UWB pulse radio characteristics is designed to achieve high-speed and reliable power data through low-power spectral density transmission. Furthermore, an adaptive networking method of PMWSN is proposed, which enables routing nodes to comprehensively calculate the optimal data transmission path and alternative paths based on distance, link quality, and load rate. The experimental results show that the maximum transmission rate of the designed wireless routing device can reach 1.7 Mbps (6.8 times higher than typical industrial IoT protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 and 170 times higher than LoRa)while maintaining a reliable throughput of 836.5 kbps within a distance of 100 meters. Moreover, the proposed self-organizing network technology can quickly complete the networking process, and the average maximum delay of single-hop data transmission is 3.6 ms. In addition, when a new node joins, or an existing node exits the network, the proposed method can promptly use alternative paths for rapid routing recovery, thereby improving the reliability and anti-destruction capability of the network.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PNLNet: Partial Supervision-Driven Nonlocal-Local Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation of Substation Point Clouds","authors":"Shaotong Pei,&nbsp;Haichao Sun,&nbsp;Chenlong Hu,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang,&nbsp;Mianxiao Wu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70104","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing semantic segmentation algorithms for substation point clouds typically rely on fully supervised learning, which requires a large amount of manually labelled point cloud data. This makes the segmentation process both time-consuming and costly. To address this issue, this paper proposes PNLNet, a pseudo-label-based weakly supervised learning algorithm. The network comprises two core components: a semi-supervised pseudo-label generation module and a point cloud segmentation main network. The pseudo-label generation module employs a semi-supervised strategy that combines a local-nonlocal relational graph with a graph convolutional network. This strategy performs a semi-supervised graph node classification task to generate point-level pseudo-labels for the point cloud data. The main network adopts an encoder-decoder architecture, incorporating a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to enhance feature representation across different channels and extract critical information from diverse locations. Additionally, the network uses an inverted residual multi-layer perceptron (InvResMLP) to mitigate overfitting and gradient vanishing issues. Furthermore, a substation point cloud dataset was constructed for this study and the PNLNet algorithm was evaluated through ablation studies and comparative experiments with state-of-the-art fully supervised and weakly supervised learning methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PNLNet achieves segmentation performance comparable to the best fully supervised algorithms while reducing annotation time by 90%. The model significantly lowers the time and cost associated with processing substation point cloud data, maintaining high segmentation accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}