Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"High-speed algorithm for fault detection and location in DC microgrids based on a novel time–frequency analysis","authors":"Amir Hossein Poursaeed,&nbsp;Farhad Namdari","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protecting DC microgrids (DCMGs) from faults is critical due to the rapid current changes that occur in milliseconds. However, ensuring fast and accurate protection in DCMGs is more challenging than in AC systems. This study proposes a novel protection algorithm using traveling waves (TWs) for fault detection and localization. The high-order synchrosqueezing transform (FSSTH) is applied to precisely identify TWs at the relay location. FSSTH offers a sharp time–frequency representation, enhancing the accuracy and speed of fault detection. This method can accurately detect transient phenomena like TWs in DCMGs, even with noise and variable fault resistance. By using the spectral envelope with FSSTH, ridges in time–frequency representations are extracted, improving fault diagnosis. The approach differentiates external from internal faults and recognizes fault direction by assessing TW polarity. Testing on two different DCMGs showed this algorithm's high efficiency and accuracy, with fault location errors ranging from 1 to 50 meters in low-voltage and 13 to 64 meters in medium-voltage DCMGs, even under challenging conditions like high resistance (up to 500 Ω) and low signal-to-noise ratio (5 dB). These results demonstrate the method's superior accuracy and robustness compared to existing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 24","pages":"4259-4278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing distribution system stability and efficiency through multi-power supply startup optimization for new energy integration","authors":"Qinglin Meng,&nbsp;Xinyu Tong,&nbsp;Sheharyar Hussain,&nbsp;Fengzhang Luo,&nbsp;Fei Zhou,&nbsp;Ying He,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Bing Sun,&nbsp;Botong Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper addresses the challenge of maximizing power capture from new energy sources, including coal, wind, solar, and hydroelectric power, which often lack sufficient inertia support. This deficiency can lead to frequency instability and cascading failures within the power system. A cooperative optimization model for the start-up of multiple power supplies, designed to enhance the integration of new energy sources while maintaining system stability is proposed. The model incorporates primary frequency modulation and the intrinsic inertia support capabilities of self-synchronous voltage source field stations, considering dynamic frequency constraints. Additionally, it employs new energy units with primary frequency modulation to provide inertia support during curtailment, particularly when conventional units cannot meet frequency standards due to existing constraints. Extensive simulations and comparative analyses demonstrate that the proposed model improves new energy utilization by up to 37.5% and reduces operational costs by approximately 16%, enhancing overall operational efficiency in high energy consumption scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3487-3500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving protection reliability of series-compensated transmission lines by a fault detection method through an ML-based model","authors":"Hossein Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Sajjad Golshannavaz,&nbsp;Amin Yazdaninejadi,&nbsp;Edris Pouresmaeil","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article addresses the distance protection challenges associated with the series-compensated transmission lines and the impact of fault resistance by employing a machine-learning model. In the proposed model, stacked layers of bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) cells are fed by voltage and current signals to distinguish between different fault scenarios. This method takes advantage of only local bus measurements to prevent information leakage in communication channels. Moreover, to make the proposed method harmonics-robust and improve the correlation interpretation between the features for the Bi-LSTM model, the 3-phase raw measurement signals are passed through a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) which extracts their fundamental frequency component magnitudes and angles. Then, an extensive amount of fault scenarios including different compensation levels, fault resistances, and fault locations in normal and power-swing operational conditions are simulated to train the model. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed protection method in the series-compensated transmission lines, distinctive studies are also carried out based on electromagnetic transient simulations. The obtained results confirm the remarkable performance of the proposed method in discriminating fault types, faulty phases, internal or external faults, and normal or power-swing conditions of the power system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3452-3461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fault detection and location algorithm for the LVDC interconnection network in rural area","authors":"Chengwei Liu,&nbsp;Joan Marc Rodriguez-Bernuz,&nbsp;Di Liu,&nbsp;Saizhao Yang,&nbsp;Yitong Li,&nbsp;Qiteng Hong,&nbsp;Adrià Junyent-Ferré","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Low voltage DC (LVDC) microgrids (MGs) can be linked together through an interconnection network to enhance the utilization of their energy resources in remote locations, particularly in rural low-income areas. However, the identification of the fault is challenging due to the fast fault transients and equipment limitations, where there are no sensors and DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) in the lines. To solve this problem, this article proposes a fault detection and location algorithm without requiring extra sensors and DCCBs in lines. The proposed algorithm uses the sensors of the interface converters to detect the fault. Following this, a coordinated current injection method is used to identify the faulty element by coordinating converters with disconnectors. This process employs two strategies “weight check” and “scope check” to minimize the time and the number of actions. The algorithm is robust to various fault impedance, fault types and network topology modifications. The effectiveness of the algorithm is validated through a series of simulation case studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 24","pages":"4291-4301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the optimal bid direction of a generation company using the gradient vector of the profit function in the network constraints of the electricity market","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Hajiabadi,&nbsp;Mahdi Samadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Nikkhah,&nbsp;Hossein Lotfi,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the primary challenges faced by generation companies (GenCos), which operate multiple generation units within the electricity market, is the determination of the optimal bid price for these units to maximize profit. This paper proposes a novel approach to ascertain the optimal bid price direction for GenCos by leveraging the gradient vector of the profit function within the constraints of the electricity market. First, the Jacobian matrix of unit profits is computed using the electricity market structural decomposition method. This matrix highlights how the profit of generation units is affected by market input parameters, including the bid prices of the units. Then, the gradient vector of the GenCos' profit function and the optimal bid price direction are derived from the Jacobian matrix. The methodology is applied to a 24-bus IEEE network, with results validated against those from a simulation method to confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the highest and lowest profit changes with a step increase of 0.1$/MWh are observed for GenCo 4 and GenCo 6 with values of 60.28 and 2.20 $/h, respectively. The proposed approach can be effective in the changes of bid direction of the units of a GenCo to achieve the highest possible profit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3339-3349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven transient stability-based approach for out-of-step prediction in power systems","authors":"Sirwan Shazdeh,&nbsp;Hêmin Golpîra,&nbsp;Hassan Bevrani","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13290","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a prediction-based algorithm designed to address out-of-step (OOS) conditions in power systems. The algorithm utilizes generator data obtained from phasor measurement units. The transient stability of a multi-machine power system is evaluated using the equal-area criterion (EAC). The proposed algorithm calculates the characteristics of the <i>P-δ</i> curves within the EAC framework after a large disturbance. The critical <i>P-δ</i> trace is determined by analysing the cumulative energy in the acceleration area following fault clearance. The stability margin of the rotor angle is then computed based on the actual active power and its relationship with the critical curve. The algorithm predicts the occurrence of OOS by comparing the measured active power with the corresponding value on the critical curve. Furthermore, a complementary strategy is proposed to predict the OOS condition in integrated inverter-based power systems. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulations conducted on the 73-bus IEEE test power system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3407-3423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving electric vehicle charging forecasting: A hybrid deep learning approach for probabilistic predictions","authors":"Ali Jamali Jahromi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Masoudi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mohammadi,&nbsp;Shahabodin Afrasiabi","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention recently. Despite their advantages, challenges in the power grid, such as providing necessary information for optimal operation, persist. High-precision forecasting techniques are essential to address the nonlinear and complex behavior of EV charging. A hybrid structure based on deep learning, called LSTLNet, has been proposed. LSTLNet combines convolutional neural networks (CNN), gated recurrent neural networks (GRU), attention mechanisms (AM), and automatic regression (AR) models. This combination improves the deterministic forecasting model and addresses the weaknesses of CNN and GRU. Deterministic prediction, which determines only one point of consumption charge, is prone to error. Therefore, probabilistic forecasting, represented as a probability distribution function (PDF) containing comprehensive statistical information, is preferred. A smooth band limit maximum likelihood (SBLM) estimator is used to indirectly predict the PDF from the data. Comparative results with conventional shallow and deep methods for similar time series forecasting demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method for both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3303-3313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Power management of harmonic polluted active distribution network in the presence of integrated unit of electric spring and electric vehicles parking lot","authors":"Arash Rohani,&nbsp;Ali Nahavandi,&nbsp;Mahyar Abasi,&nbsp;Mahmood Joorabian","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Full reference of paper being corrected</p><p>The following corrections to this paper should be noted.</p><p>1) Please the following text adds to Section 1.2, last lines of second paragraph, before the statement of “Table 1 tabulates a summary of the literature published in this area.”:</p><p>Flexible energy management of an MG with RESs using EV parking lot equipped with ES is stated in [<span>20</span>]. This plan considers the minimization of the cost of purchasing MG's energy demand from the distribution network along with the maximization of EV parking profit in the flexibility market. In this plan, EVs with their active power control play a key role in adjusting the flexibility of the MG with RESs to compensate the power fluctuations of these resources in different scenarios. Also, they can impact network energy management with their active control. The ES in the parking lot and network is utilized to control the reactive power and voltage. This plan has expressed a nonlinear optimization model for power management of EVs equipped with ES. Then mathematical algorithms are adopted to solve the problem. The paper also states that the addition of an ES to the EVs parking can play a role in active and reactive power control and network voltage control, but its main maneuver is to improve the flexibility of the network by the combined system of EVs and ES. This issue could be done only with EVs and there is no need to use ESs. Also, ES is an electronic power converter that, if a suitable structure such as an IGBT bridge is used, in addition to power control, the harmonic current can be controlled at the same time, which results in improving the power quality of the network. However, this is not included in [<span>20</span>]. Also, the same paper includes the discussion of improving the state of network flexibility and operation. But, one of the features of using an ES is its ability to enhance the power quality of the distribution network, which is not presented in [<span>20</span>]. The authors also adopted a mathematical algorithm based on Lagrange model [<span>21</span>] to solve the nonlinear non-convex problem. This model is useful if the problem is convex. So, the adopted algorithm fails to extract a reliable solution, and this issue was not considered in [<span>20</span>].</p><p>2) Please update Table 1 as Follows:</p><p>3) Please consider the following papers as references [<span>20, 21</span>]:</p><p>[20] Norouzi, M., Aghaei, J.,Pirouzi, S.,Niknam, T., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M.: Flexibility pricing of integrated unit of electric spring and EVs parking in microgrids. Energy 239, 122080 (2022)</p><p>[21] Wood, A.J., Wollenberg, B.F.: Power Generation Operation and Control, 2nd edn, pp. 29–90. Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York (1996)</p><p>4) Please update reference number after reference [<span>19</span>].</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3760-3762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and implementation of passive impedance adapter to damp resonances between VSC-HVDC and AC systems","authors":"Changyue Zou,&nbsp;Junjie Feng,&nbsp;Xiaobin Zhao,&nbsp;Yi Yuan,&nbsp;Ting Hou","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13251","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been known that resonances often occur when high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems are connected into the AC system via voltage-source converters (VSCs). The resonances may lead to system failure and even damage primary equipment under some severe conditions. However, the existing damping methods are inadequate to ensure the system is always stable. To solve it, this article introduces the passive impedance adapter (PIA) in parallel with VSC to compensate the negative impedance of VSC-HVDC system especially at mid- and high-frequency ranges. A novel design and implementation method for the PIA is then proposed with the reduced volume and power loss to ensure the whole system impedance always positive. By this way, no resonance exists and the system is stable under any practical condition, such as the different cable lengths and impedances. Finally, a simulation platform is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PIA method in compensating the VSC-HVDC impedance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 23","pages":"3829-3836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of soil resistivity impacts on the electrodes of grounding system subjected to lightning strikes","authors":"Osama E. Gouda,&nbsp;Adel Z. El Dein,&nbsp;Sara Yassin,&nbsp;Matti Lehtonen,&nbsp;Mohamed M. F. Darwish","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the study of the homogeneous resistivity and two-layer soil influences on the performance of the electrodes of grounding systems subjected to lightning strikes is carried out considering soil ionization. The study is done on the behaviour of the ground electrodes while the resistivity of the soil is altered from small to high value in the case of homogeneous soil, while the study is obtained on two-layer soils in the case of diverse values of the reflection factor. In the suggested algorithm for two-layer soils, each layer has its resistivity and dielectric constant, where the dielectric constant and soil resistivity depend on the lightning frequency. The field resulting from lightning strikes, which causes soil ionization, has been studied, and the results have been used to understand the behaviour of ground rods under the influence of lightning strikes. The credibility of the results has been strengthened by comparing it with what others have obtained recently. The article's novelty can be summarized in the investigation of the performance of the electrodes of grounding grids that are installed in high soil resistivity of uniform and two-layer soils containing the impacts of soil ionization, lightning frequency, soil resistivity, and permittivity variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3392-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}