Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Power Flow and Wind Capacity Factor Using Integrated Spatio-Temporal Approach","authors":"Swaechchha Dahal,&nbsp;Sambeet Mishra,&nbsp;Gunne John Hegglid,&nbsp;Bhupendra Bimal Chhetri,&nbsp;Thomas Øyvang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research proposes a novel spatio-temporal approach that integrates convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) networks and graph neural networks (GNNs) to model and predict wind power generation and its impact on power flow. The methodology uniquely combines ConvLSTM for capturing wind generation dynamics with GNN-based power flow analysis, offering a unified framework for renewable energy grid integration. Testing on IEEE standard systems (14-300 bus) demonstrates the approach's scalability and computational efficiency, achieving up to 11x faster computation compared to traditional Newton–Raphson methods. Applied to wind generation scenarios in the Norwegian grid, the ConvLSTM model achieves an <i>R</i><span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>$^2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> value of 0.977 in forecasting wind generation dynamics, while the GNN model demonstrates robust power flow prediction capabilities with an <i>R</i><span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <annotation>$^2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> of 0.948. This scenario-based framework bridges wind prediction and power flow analysis, enabling efficient grid performance assessment under varying wind conditions, while offering improved computational efficiency for real-time renewable energy integration and grid management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach for Mitigating Electrical Losses and Current Unbalance in Low Voltage Distribution Networks","authors":"Pooya Najafi Zanjani,&nbsp;Shahram Javadi,&nbsp;Mahmood Hosseini Aliabadi,&nbsp;Gevork B. Gharehpetian","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of advanced technologies in smart electrical grids has created new opportunities to reduce losses, increase stability and visibility, and improve the operation of these networks. In this research, with the aim of reducing electrical losses due to load imbalance, a novel method for network reconfiguration is presented. In this method, by increasing the degrees of freedom of the unbalanced IEEE 906 bus low-voltage reference network through load transfer switches, the optimal network configuration is proposed using a meta-heuristic algorithm to solve this constrained large-scale optimization problem. This algorithm, by carefully examining the effects of variables dependent on electrical losses and utilizing innovative heuristics and optimizations compared to previous studies, demonstrates positive performance in reducing electrical losses and neutral current of the network. This algorithm, with the least number of switching operations throughout the day, achieves a unique approach among similar scientific articles. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been fully proven using a combined simulation in MATLAB and OpenDSS software. The dynamic selection of variables dependent on electrical losses as the feedback signal of the control system and the determination of the optimal threshold accordingly, has resulted in a 7% reduction in average electrical losses and a 22% reduction in average neutral current of the network compared to the reference case. The application of the results of this paper will be an important step towards the operationalization of this idea and its use in the real world.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Shaft Control of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine for Efficient Transient Energy Capture","authors":"Xiangyu Zhang,&nbsp;Huazhi Liu,&nbsp;Yabo Cao,&nbsp;Yuan Fu,&nbsp;Yonggang Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In power systems with high penetration of wind power generation, efficient transient energy capture is critical for wind turbines to suppress the power oscillations. In this paper, a novel virtual shaft is applied to the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and the shaft coupling relationship between doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine and synchronous generator (SG) is analysed. By establishing the state space of parallel generators coupled with a virtual shaft, the effect of parameters in the VSG on the system's transient stability is estimated. Using the Hamilton energy function, the transient energy capture process of VSG with a virtual shaft is presented, and the corresponding requirement of virtual shaft coupling for complete energy transfer from SG to wind turbine is obtained. Furthermore, a novel virtual shaft control strategy of DFIG-based wind turbines is proposed to maximise the transient energy capture. Finally, a typical 9-node power system with high penetration of wind power generation is simulated on a controller hardware-in-the-loop platform. The test results demonstrate that the transient energy of SGs can be captured by wind turbines efficiently, thus suppressing the system frequency variation and rotor angle oscillation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal Analysis of Power System With High IBR Penetration Based on Impedance Models","authors":"Le Zheng,&nbsp;Jiajie Zheng,&nbsp;Jiajian Lin,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Chongru Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper explores the modal analysis of power systems with high inverter-based resource (IBR) penetration utilizing an impedance-based modeling approach. Traditional modal analysis based on the state-space model (MASS) requires comprehensive control structures and parameters of each system element, which are challenging as the internal specifics of the increasingly integrated inverters remain largely inaccessible. Conversely, the newly proposed modal analysis based on the impedance model (MAI) leverages only the impedance port characteristics to trace back to the system elements influencing the unstable modes significantly. This study extends previous work by clarifying the similarities and differences between MASS and MAI in terms of sensitivity. A physical interpretation of MAI from the electrical distance perspective is further provided to bridge the gap between detailed theoretical modeling and practical, accessible analyses. In addition, two enhancements to improve the MAI computation accuracy are proposed. Finally, the voltage disturbance margin (VDM) is defined to quantify the influence of node voltage disturbance on IBR. Validation through numerical simulations on a modified IEEE 14-bus system underscores the efficacy of our approach. By examining the interplay between different elements and system modes in high IBR environments, this study offers insights and a foundational framework for delineating the oscillatory modes' participation and stability characteristics of power systems with substantial IBR integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Grid-Forming Control to Angle Stability in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Pablo Ledesma,&nbsp;Francisco Arredondo,&nbsp;María Ángeles Moreno","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grid-forming controls transform the way converter-interfaced renewable resources interact with the power grid, and their impact on angle stability is still not well-known. This paper analyzes the effect of grid-forming controls on the stability of a grid after a severe disturbance consisting of a short-circuit followed by a power system split. A phasor-based model of a grid-forming control is developed and a 1497-bus model of the Iberian Peninsula transmission system is derived from a data set provided by the association of transmission system operators ENTSO-E. The results show that grid-forming controls attenuate the phase jump caused by the split of the power system by 31%, as demonstrated by the deviation of the phase angle, which reduced from 13 degrees to 9 degrees after the application of grid-forming control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic Pricing for Collaborative Demand-Side Management With Coordinated Operation of Energy Storage Systems for Optimal Peak Load Control in Smart Grids","authors":"Mohsen Masoumi-Anaraki,&nbsp;Rahmat-Allah Hooshmand,&nbsp;Yahya Kabiri-Renani","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peak load management is a pivotal aspect of power generation and distribution, representing one of the primary challenges for power companies. A key feature of smart grids is their capability to manage available resources effectively to mitigate peak load while accounting for the inherent uncertainties in load demand and the generation of all renewable energy sources. Thereby, this paper proposes a two-stage coordination approach that integrates price-based demand response (PBDR) and energy storage systems, encompassing Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). This approach integrates CAES with BESSs to optimise the charging and discharging processes while minimising degradation costs. Specifically, it aims to address the substantial degradation expenses of BESSs by strategically utilising CAES as a complementary storage solution. The objective is to minimise operational costs while controlling peak demand load in smart microgrids. Moreover, to simultaneously address the inherent uncertainties associated with the demanded load and the generating power of renewable energy sources, a method incorporating scenario generation and reduction is introduced to improve scheduling accuracy and enhance the reliability of energy management. To tackle this multifaceted challenge, a novel scenario-based Developed Two-Stage Interval Optimisation (DTSIO) model has been proposed to effectively address uncertainty. By employing the scenario generation method in conjunction with the k-means technique to reduce scenarios with low probabilities of occurrence, the analysis process is optimised for better problem-solving efficiency. The proposed model's efficacy is validated through its implementation on a 33 and 69 bus microgrid, showcasing its ability to enhance profitability, manage peak load, reduce reliance on the upstream grid, and lower carbon dioxide emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Management of Microgrids: An MPC-Based Techno-Economic Optimisation for RES Integration and ESS Utilisation","authors":"Sina Roudnil,&nbsp;Saeid Ghassem Zadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Feyzi,&nbsp;Amir Aminzadeh Ghavifekr","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid growth in electricity demand poses significant challenges to power systems that require efficient energy management frameworks. This paper proposes a real-time energy management framework for DC residential microgrids based on model predictive control (MPC) and a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimisation approach. Unlike conventional methods relying on static datasets, the proposed framework integrates real-time optimisation and predictive data derived from microgrid simulations, which enhances adaptability, scalability and operational efficiency. A demand response (DR) programme for residential loads further reduces reliance on the upstream grid during peak hours. The performance of the framework is validated across multiple scenarios, like increased demand and fluctuations in renewable energy and demand. Results indicate significant economic benefits through optimised power exchange with the upstream grid, achieving cost reductions of 21.05%, 18.36% and 16.59% under real-time, three-tariff and fixed tariffs, respectively, compared to conventional MPC methods. Moreover, it minimises state of charge (SoC) changes to a maximum of 17.4%, significantly reducing energy storage depreciation and extending longevity as technical performance. These findings demonstrate the framework's ability to adapt dynamically to operational changes, optimise power exchanges and achieve technical and economic goals, making it a scalable solution for real-time residential microgrid energy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Area System Frequency Response Modelling Considering VSG-Based Energy Storage","authors":"Ping He,&nbsp;Lingshuai Kong,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Congshan Li,&nbsp;Zhao Li,&nbsp;Zhangjie Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, power systems face challenges in frequency stability due to reduced inertia and uneven frequency regulation capability. This paper proposes an extended system frequency response (SFR) model incorporating virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control with energy storage systems (VSG-SFR model) to improve frequency dynamics. A regional VSG-SFR model is further developed for multi-area systems with non-uniform inertia distribution. Small-signal and frequency-domain analyses are performed, followed by extensive validation via time-domain simulations under various scenarios. Results show that the proposed models closely match detailed simulations, accurately reflect frequency response characteristics, and effectively improve frequency nadir and RoCoF in high renewable environments. Furthermore, the models offer a unified framework for assessing coordinated operation and provide practical insights for optimizing energy storage and enhancing grid resilience in renewable-dominant scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linearized Optimization for Enhanced Aggregate Modeling of Invisible Hybrid Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"Pedro N. Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Fernanda C. L. Trindade,&nbsp;Bala Venkatesh","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs)—including photovoltaics, wind turbines, and battery energy storage systems—poses challenges for modern power distribution systems, particularly in scenarios with high penetration of DERs outside the monitoring capabilities of distribution utilities. Addressing invisible DERs in operational planning studies requires innovative modeling methodologies, often involving aggregated models. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to locate and size aggregate hybrid DER models in radial distribution systems by minimizing residuals in the estimates of existing field measurements. These equivalent models grasp the collective effect of many invisible DERs and enable the reconstruction of unobserved bus voltages and branch flows, enhancing system visibility. Case studies demonstrate average errors below 5% for the estimation of unobserved branch flows with limited voltage magnitude measurements. OpenDSS is employed to showcase the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, also under unbalanced system loading conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Psychological Motivation and Adversarial Resilience in Microgrid Operations: A Tri-Level Robust Optimization Approach","authors":"Yanjia Wang,&nbsp;Alexis Pengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Da Xie,&nbsp;Mohannad Alhazmi,&nbsp;Chenghong Gu,&nbsp;Wanzi Li,&nbsp;Xitian Wang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing complexity of modern microgrid operations, driven by high renewable energy integration and growing prosumer participation, demands innovative optimization approaches. This paper proposes a novel behaviorally informed tri-level optimization framework that integrates goal-setting theory (GST) with distributionally robust optimization (DRO) and reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance prosumer engagement, system efficiency, and adversarial resilience. The upper level employs GST to motivate prosumers with structured energy-saving and trading goals, the middle level optimizes cost, emissions, and resource allocation, while the lower level ensures robustness against adversarial uncertainties using Wasserstein-based DRO. A multi-agent RL approach is incorporated for adaptive decision-making under uncertainty. Extensive simulations on a community-scale microgrid reveal a 25% cost reduction, 30% increase in prosumer engagement, and improved resilience against adversarial scenarios. This research bridges behavioral psychology and energy optimization, introducing a human-centric paradigm that improves microgrid sustainability, participation, and robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}