Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Lock-Up Problem in the Current-Limiting Mode of the Grid-Forming Converter With Priority-Based Limiter and Its Solution","authors":"Meng Yuan,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Yong Min,&nbsp;Pengfei Gao,&nbsp;Beisi Tan,&nbsp;Maohai Wang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a voltage-source-type device, the output current of a grid-forming converter without a current limiter is determined by the external circuit status. When a short-circuit fault occurs in the grid, the converter may burn out because of the large current. Therefore, it's necessary for grid-forming converters to be equipped with current limiters. For the grid-forming converter employing the priority-based current limiter, this study found that the lock-up problem in the current-limiting mode may occur; that is, the converter cannot switch back from the current-limiting mode to normal mode if the fault is cleared in a relatively short period of time. This is caused by the impact of the line current dynamics. It causes the converter to enter the current-limiting mode early, making the maximum power angle smaller than the angle in which the converter can exit the current-limiting mode. A strategy to overcome this lock-up problem by reasonably setting the proportional gain of the proportional-integral (PI) controller in the voltage loop is provided, which essentially reduces the lower boundary of the angle at which the current-limiting mode can exit to be equal to or less than the fault occurrence power angle. The effectiveness of the strategy is demonstrated through numerical simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMC-HVDC Control Parameter Selection for Grid Code Compliance and Improved System Protection Performance Under AC-Side Faults","authors":"Xiaoxiao Liu,&nbsp;Paul Judge,&nbsp;Geraint Chaffey,&nbsp;Willem Leterme,&nbsp;Dirk Van Hertem","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing reliance on power-electronic-based renewable energy and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems poses challenges for distance protection, as converter fault responses differ from those of synchronous generators. At the same time, grid codes require converters to inject reactive current during AC faults, yet these requirements are typically studied independently of protection considerations. This paper addresses the gap by selecting control parameters in modular multilevel converter-based HVDC systems to enhance distance protection performance while ensuring compliance with grid codes and system stability under varying grid conditions. A global sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential control parameters, which are then systematically grouped for selection. The approach is evaluated across different system topologies and short circuit ratios, demonstrating its effectiveness in enhancing control-protection coordination and identifying the conditions where parameter tuning remains inadequate. These findings provide insights into the limitations of parameter tuning and identify scenarios where fundamental changes in control and protection may be required.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decomposition strategy for inertia-aware microgrid planning models","authors":"Agnes Marjorie Nakiganda,&nbsp;Shahab Dehghan,&nbsp;Petros Aristidou","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing penetration of Converter-Interfaced Generators (CIG) in electricity grids has diminished inertia levels. Micro-Grids (MGs), with their high penetration of CIGs, are particularly vulnerable to the reduced inertia levels presenting a challenge to their secure and reliable operation. MG system planning must now incorporate the analysis of dynamic system security complementing traditional resource adequacy assessments. However, integrating transient security constraints into MG planning is complex due to the non-convex and non-linear nature of the analytical expressions for frequency metrics and power flow constraints. To address this challenge, this article presents a decomposition-based approach to the MG investment planning problem that leverages dual solutions to derive dual-cutting planes, effectively constraining the feasible solution space. This enhances computational tractability and optimality by ensuring that the sensitivity of decisions at each stage can be accurately captured. This facilitates the identification of cost-effective investment strategies that balance economic objectives and security requirements, optimizing the placement of inertia services and accelerating algorithm convergence. The significance of the proposed algorithms is validated on a low- and medium-voltage network under various operating scenarios and security levels. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms yield solutions that are more sensitive to frequency support needs and converge more rapidly.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation Method of Demand Response Potential of Offshore Fishing Farms Considering Electricity Consumption Behavior","authors":"Juan Su,&nbsp;Zhenyu Cui,&nbsp;Shu Fang,&nbsp;Qian Cao,&nbsp;Yi Lin,&nbsp;Yue Xia,&nbsp;Fanpeng Bu,&nbsp;Jingyi Lin","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous advancement of demand response (DR) research, significant progress has been made in its application in conventional electricity usage scenarios. However, studies focusing on special areas, such as offshore fishing farms, are relatively scarce. This paper focuses on the electricity consumption characteristics of offshore fishing farms and proposes a method for calculating DR potential. A load classification framework tailored to the specific features of fishing farms is established, and a DR model is constructed to maximize the benefits of fishing farm participation in DR while maintaining electricity comfort. A method for calculating DR potential is designed for different load characteristics. The case study analysis results show that DR can achieve a total load reduction of 34.6% for offshore fishing farms, with electric boats (EBs), feed mills, and lighting equipment contributing 73.8%, 19.2%, and 7%, respectively, to the overall DR potential. The findings provide theoretical support for offshore fishing farms’ participation in DR and have significant implications for improving their power supply reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and evaluation of multidimensional CNN simulation framework against synchrophasor data spoofing attacks and correction for cyber-resiliency in power system","authors":"Robert Nobili Britto Thomas,&nbsp;Venkatesh Thirugnanasambandam,&nbsp;Manikandan Senthur,&nbsp;Manusri Rekshana","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing demand on synchronized measurements obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs) has further increased potential threats, including data spoofing attacks. Such attacks on the synchronized measurements might greatly undermine the dynamic state estimation and important power system applications. This work proposes an integrated framework consisting of cyber physical testbed and multidimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) simulation framework to classify the data spoofing attacks on the generated real world synchrophasor data. This work uses a source authentication-based detection technique by extracting the spatial fingerprint information from PMU data. This information is provided as inputs to the multi-dimensional CNN (MD CNN) simulation framework. Finally, a robust correction algorithm using generative adversarial network (GAN) for reconstruction of spoofed PMU signal is proposed to eliminate bad measurements and enhance the integrity and reliability of synchrophasor data. Finally, the results of the proposed MD CNN classification framework and GAN based signal reconstruction algorithm are validated against the results obtained using traditional methods to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Thus, the proposed framework aims at ensuring the cyber resilience of power grids to ensure its safe and reliable operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Analysis of Power Based Tariff-Driven Peak Load Shaving on Electricity Distribution Networks and Distribution Business","authors":"Jouni Haapaniemi,&nbsp;Ville Tikka,&nbsp;Otto Räisänen,&nbsp;Juha Haakana,&nbsp;Jukka Lassila","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present distribution grid tariffs are under a major renewal process, or a renewal is in consideration, as the traditional tariffs do not reflect well enough the cost structure of the distribution grids. Power-based tariffs (PBTs) have been proposed as an alternative that could lead to the more efficient use of energy resources and the whole energy system. In this paper, an analysis is made to estimate the electricity distribution grid impacts of PBT-based customer-side peak load shaving on the tariff development. The effects are estimated under different PBT pricing schemes. The effects are simulated on a real distribution network using customers' hourly automatic meter reading consumption data. The effects of PBT-incentivised peak load shaving are analysed at different levels of the distribution grid. The results show that power-based tariffs can provide a significant incentive to customers to invest in a peak-shaving battery energy storage system (BESS), but the benefits from reduced distribution network peak loads can be lower than the efforts required from the customers. On the other hand, if BESSs are purchased for other purposes, PBT-based peak shaving can reduce DSOs' risks, and the benefits for grid load rates can be gained with less effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Evaluation Method for Power Distribution Systems With Renewable Distributed Generations and Adjustable Loads","authors":"Gengfeng Li,&nbsp;Dingmao Zhang,&nbsp;Shaohua Sun,&nbsp;Zhaohong Bie","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous development of distribution systems, the integration of various distributed generations (DGs) and adjustable loads has increased system uncertainty, placing higher demands on distribution system reliability evaluation. The accuracy of traditional reliability evaluation methods is poor when assessing the reliability of distribution systems that incorporate renewable DGs and adjustable loads. To address this issue, this paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for distribution systems that include multiple types of DGs and adjustable loads. Initially, models for lines, renewable DGs, and loads are established. Then, adjustable loads are classified and their impact on system reliability is analysed. Subsequently, based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, a framework for reliability evaluation of the distribution system considering multiple DGs and adjustable loads is proposed and reliability indices reflecting the influence of adjustable loads on the system reliability are also proposed. Finally, a case study is conducted using the modified IEEE 123-node test system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the integration of renewable DGs and adjustable loads can enhance the reliability of the distribution system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Innovative Approach for Inertia Estimation in Power Grids: Integrating ANN and Equal Area Criterion","authors":"Shiva Amini,&nbsp;Hêmin Golpîra,&nbsp;Hassan Bevrani,&nbsp;Jamal Moshtagh","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power grids presents significant challenges to system stability, primarily due to the reduced inertia typically supplied by synchronous generators (SG). This study addresses the urgent need for accurate and real-time inertia estimation methods to ensure reliable grid operation amid evolving dynamic conditions. An advanced algorithm is proposed, which fuses artificial neural networks with the Modified Equal Area Criterion and concepts of kinetic energy. By incorporating the maximum mechanical power as a novel input feature, the methodology enhances the accuracy of inertia estimation. Additionally, a new index for identifying optimal fault locations is introduced, further refining precision. This research potentially revolutionises grid monitoring and control by delivering robust, noise-resistant and computationally efficient real-time inertia estimates. Key applications include real-time frequency management and contingency planning within modern power systems characterised by high RES penetration. Validation of the proposed approach is conducted through extensive simulations on the IEEE 39-bus New England test system, demonstrating consistently low estimation errors (less than 1%) and superior performance compared to traditional methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameterising Local Reactive Power Control Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resources Through Time Series Based Optimal Power Flow Calculations","authors":"Manuel Schwenke,&nbsp;Jutta Hanson","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a method for determining local reactive power control characteristics for distributed energy resources. Based on historical time series, an optimal reactive power dispatch is calculated. The optimal reactive power dispatch minimises a multi-criteria objective function that allows the reduction of grid losses while complying with a desired vertical reactive power exchange with the overlaid grid and with operational constraints. From the resulting optimal operating points, individual reactive power control characteristics can be determined by piecewise linear regression and then be clustered to reduce the complexity of the grid planning process. The method thus allows the integration of the information contained in the historical time series on the volatile power flow behaviour and offers the possibility of systematic parameter determination. In contrast, conventional grid planning uses empirical values or conservative estimates. In contrast to offline or online optimisations during operation; however, no real-time capable information and communication infrastructure is required. To validate the performance of the method, operation with the cluster control characteristics is compared with offline optimisation and simple parameterisation approaches for local reactive power control characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Stage Security Constrained Coordinated Expansion Planning of Transmission System and Energy Hubs","authors":"Sajad Davtalab,&nbsp;Behrouz Tousi,&nbsp;Yousef Allahvirdizadeh","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a security constrained coordinated decision-making process for optimal long-term and short-term scheduling of the transmission system (TS) and energy hubs (EHs). Energy users (EUs) across the transmission system (TS) minimize their energy costs by investing in the EHs. A three-level approach using the diagonalization algorithm is employed to evaluate the benefits of cooperation between the transmission system operator (TSO) and energy users (EUs). The proposed framework is modeled using both static and multi-stage optimization approaches to minimize the total costs of the planning, operation, emission, and expected energy not served (EENS) simultaneously for the TSO and EUs at the first and second levels, respectively. The TSO expansion planning is optimized at the first level to meet the TS capacity requirements. At the second level, the EUs at different nodes invest in the EHs based on the calculated locational marginal prices (LMPs). Once the expansion planning of the EUs is optimized, the net electrical demands at the TS nodes are updated. Then, the electrical market is cleared by the independent system operator (ISO) at the third level to update the LMPs. Finally, the strategical expansion planning of the TSO is updated at the first level.</p><p>The security of the TS and EHs is modeled considering the possibility of failure occurrence in the TS lines and energy sources in the EHs. The output power of the renewable energy resources (RESs), multi-carrier load demands, district market prices, operation cost of the thermal units, and equipment availability have uncertain nature. These uncertainties are applied to the proposed framework by a stochastic optimization framework. For evaluating the performance of the proposed model, it is implemented on the modified IEEE 30 bus and 118 bus test systems, considering a common model of the EH, consisting of photovoltaic panels (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), combined heat and power generation (CHP) units boilers, and absorption chillers. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method significantly reduces EENS and overall system costs under both static and multi-stage approaches, demonstrating its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}