Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Substation State Space Modelling and Reliability Assessment Considering Relay Protection Misoperation and Refusal","authors":"Ren Qiang,&nbsp;Gangjun Gong,&nbsp;Shaoju Li,&nbsp;Dawei Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Yang,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Yin Yuan","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a substation state space model considering relay protection misoperation and refusal, as well as an improved reliability assessment method in the stratified sampling stage. The aim is to evaluate the impact of substation load loss and the reliability of adjacent power grid lines during the fault isolation stage after the substation protection action. Firstly, based on the analysis of substation failure consequences and recovery strategies, it divides the time sequence of substation state space transitions, constructs the Markov state transition space of the substation affected by relay protection failures. Secondly, it puts forward a multi-objective Monte Carlo stratified sampling method considering optimal allocation. By minimising the variance increment caused by the deviation between the actual allocation and the optimal allocation of the number of sampled states in each layer, including the main grid layer, the substation layer and the component layer, as the optimisation objective, it improves the results of traditional Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, this paper constructs a reliability assessment framework that combines the Markov model and Monte Carlo stratified sampling. It is verified through simulations in the modified IEEE-RTS79 test system. The results show that after considering the relay protection intervention, the reliability indicators have increased to varying degrees. For the Monte Carlo stratified sampling method considering optimal allocation, taking the indicator EPNS (expected power not supplied) as an example, after 50,000 sampling states, the coefficient of variance has decreased by 95.2796% compared to the initial value. This indicates that, compared to traditional methods, this method can more accurately reflect the impact of protection misoperation and refusal on the reliability of substations and adjacent power grid lines. Moreover, while broadening the assessment boundary, it also provides higher computational accuracy and efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Capacitor-Based Robust Composite Controller for Stability Enhancement in DC Microgrids With Wind, PV and Battery Integration","authors":"Md Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Israt Jahan Bushra,&nbsp;Tushar Kanti Roy,&nbsp;Amanullah Maung Than Oo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a novel composite control strategy aimed at enhancing large-signal stability in DC microgrids, tackling challenges such as low inertia. The controller integrates global non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control with a backstepping technique (BGNFTSMC) to address issues like chattering, singularity and finite-time convergence. The microgrid comprises a solar PV system, a permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine, a battery storage unit and DC loads, with reference values generated by artificial neural networks. The primary objective of the controller is to stabilise the DC-bus voltage while ensuring optimal power flow regulation. To mitigate the low inertia issue, a virtual capacitor is incorporated into the design. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic-based energy management system optimises battery endurance by managing the state of the charge and adapting to operations for reliable power distribution. The closed-loop stability of the system is rigorously analysed using the Lyapunov stability theory, ensuring finite-time convergence of tracking errors. MATLAB/Simulink simulations highlight the BGNFTSMC's superior performance, achieving up to 100% overshoot reduction and over 91% improvement in settling time compared to existing controllers. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-optimised BGNFTSMC eliminates overshoot and improves stability with a 29.76% faster settling time. The proposed BGNFTSMC controller also demonstrates excellent robustness in handling transient deviations caused by load and power fluctuations. Real-time processor-in-the-loop (RT-PiL) experiments validate the controller's reliability. Despite MATLAB/Simulink showing improvements, including overshoot reductions of 15.789%, 21.875%, and 30.303% compared to RT-PiL, the RT-PiL platform maintains acceptable performance. This analysis underscores the BGNFTSMC's practical reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation Scheduling of Integrated Electricity-Heat-Oxygen Energy Systems Considering Demand Response and Carbon Trading Based on IGDT","authors":"Zhe Yin,&nbsp;Ruijin Zhu,&nbsp;Shiting Cui,&nbsp;Tengshuo Li,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhifan Zhang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With economic development, the residents of Tibet's high-altitude regions have an increasing demand for quality of life. This study addresses the oxygen supply needs, renewable energy instability and load uncertainty in high-altitude areas, while aligning with the goal of reducing carbon emissions. A combined electricity, heat and oxygen integrated energy system (IES) suitable for high-altitude areas is proposed. Firstly, a combined oxygen supply mode integrating power-to-gas and vacuum pressure swing adsorption is established. Secondly, due to renewable energy instability and load fluctuations, an information gap decision theory model is developed, considering both risk-averse and risk-seeking perspectives. Demand response is also incorporated to ensure a reliable energy system. Finally, a tiered carbon trading mechanism is introduced, and an optimised scheduling model for the integrated energy system is established. Using the Gurobi optimiser for typical load cases in high-altitude areas, results show that under the risk-averse strategy, IES costs increase based on the deviation factor, while under the risk-seeking strategy, IES costs decrease accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Network-Constrained P2P Transactions for Mutual Benefits: Lifecycle Costs Allocation DLMP Integrated With Soft Open Point Planning","authors":"Qianyi Ma,&nbsp;Zifa Liu,&nbsp;Xiao Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions among multiple microgrids (MMGs) may cause network violations, requiring greater flexibility in the distribution network (DN). Soft open point (SOP) is a promising power electronic device to provide flexible active and reactive power regulation to the networks. In this context, this paper proposes a bi-level network-constrained P2P transaction framework integrating SOP capacity planning, offering a paradigm for lifecycle cost allocation in P2P markets. In the upper level, the DN ensures safe operation, optimises SOP capacity, and broadcasts market signals. To allocate network service costs and direct grid-friendly transactions, a decomposable SOP planning integrated distribution locational marginal price (DLMP) is proposed as the pricing mechanism. In the lower level, MMGs optimise internal scheduling. To establish the global negotiation mechanism, a fully parallel distributed method based on diagonal quadratic approximation (DQA) is proposed. Case studies on the modified IEEE 33-bus system show that the proposed transaction-aware SOP planning method uncovers the potential of SOP planning in supporting P2P flexibility and improving social benefits. Total costs of the DN and MMGs are decreased by 2.11% and 8.44%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Transient Control Parameters of Renewable Energy Considering Power Angle Stability and Over-Voltage in the Power Generation Base","authors":"Yuxin Yang,&nbsp;Yongli Zhu,&nbsp;Jinsong Wang,&nbsp;Haichao Yang,&nbsp;Jian Wu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coupling renewable energy with conventional energy sources for power transmission is an effective approach to improving the absorption capacity of renewable energy. However, the issues of transient angle instability and over-voltage are key factors limiting the external transmission capacity of the power corridor. First, an equivalent power angle characteristic equation for a renewable energy-thermal power coupling generation system is established to analyse the impact of transient control parameters on transient power angle stability. Second, a mathematical analysis of terminal voltage of the renewable energy machine is conducted to explore the influence of transient control parameters on the terminal voltage. Third, optimization principles for transient control parameters of renewable energy are proposed. Finally, a case study of athermal power-renewable energycoupled generation base is presentedand the effectiveness of the proposedmethod is validated through time-domain simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real Time Simulation Study of DEH for Digital Twin Steam Turbine Generators","authors":"Yiwei Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao Guo,&nbsp;Xiaoran Dai,&nbsp;Zhongcheng Lei,&nbsp;Wenshan Hu,&nbsp;Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the surge in popularity of new energy sources in recent years, the indispensability of thermal power plants remains unwavering. The steam turbine generator digital electro-hydraulic (DEH) control system is a pivotal component in thermal power plants, directly influencing the safety, stability and efficiency of both the plant and the interconnected power grid. Therefore, for better monitoring and control of the DEH, it is necessary to conduct digital twin research on the DEH. This article presents a holistic approach to advancing the digital twin of DEH control systems, mainly including the construction of a dynamic mathematical model, comprehensive digital simulations under varying conditions, and the innovative development of a real-time online simulation platform. Additionally, the integration of a three-dimensional model enhances the depth and visualisation, providing a more immersive understanding of the DEH system's intricate dynamics. The successful implementation of this platform serves as a cornerstone, laying a robust foundation for the eventual establishment of the DEH digital twin system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing EVs Penetration Levels in Smart Grids Using Dynamic Pricing and Renewable Energy Backed by BESS While Maintaining Grid Constraints","authors":"Ahmed A. Alguhi,&nbsp;Essam A. Al-Ammar,&nbsp;Wonsuk Ko,&nbsp;Hyeong-Jin Choi,&nbsp;Sisam Park,&nbsp;Mansoor Khan","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the impact of various EV penetration scenarios on grid performance utilizing a time-of-use (ToU) dynamic pricing scheme. In this study, energy costs are fixed at 0.18 SR/kWh during off-peak hours and 0.30 SR/kWh during on-peak hours, based on actual tariffs provided by the local electric utility dynamic pricing strategies and leveraging renewable energy sources supported by battery energy storage systems (BESS). The proposed framework aims to identify the optimal EV penetration level that maximizes EV utilization without compromising grid stability or violating system constraints. The IEEE 69-bus test system is used to assess the proposed approach under two different consumers and various EV penetration scenarios to examine the effects on power losses, voltage profiles, thermal limit, and system expenses. Results demonstrate that integrating EVs with dynamic pricing and renewable resources backed by BESS can effectively balance energy demand and supply, reduce power losses, and enhance voltage and current profiles. The findings underscore the feasibility of achieving resilient and sustainable grid operations while accommodating a higher number of EVs. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of smart grid technologies to support large-scale EV adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sizing and Location Selection of Medium-Voltage Back-to-Back Converters for DER-Dominated Distribution Systems","authors":"Xiangqi Zhu,&nbsp;Akanksha Singh,&nbsp;Barry Mather","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Medium-voltage back-to-back (MVB2B) converters can connect two distribution systems and quantifiably transfer power between them. This function can enable the MVB2B converter to exchange distributed energy resource (DER)-generated power between two systems and bring significant value to enhancing distribution system DER adoption. Our previous work analysed and demonstrated the value MVB2B converter can bring to DER integration. As continuous work, this paper presents a methodology that helps address the MVB2B converter sizing and location selection problem in distribution systems with high DER penetrations. The proposed methodology aims to address three critical problems for MVB2B converter implementation in the real world: (1) which distribution systems are better to be connected, (2) what converter size is appropriate for connecting the distribution systems, and (3) where the optimal connection points are in the systems for connecting the MVB2B converter. The proposed methodology has been demonstrated by case studies that include various scenarios involving distribution systems with different dominated load types and high photovoltaic penetrations. The results demonstrate that selecting the optimal converter size based on net revenue and time of return considerations leads to a balance between maximizing energy savings and minimizing financial payback periods. Furthermore, feeder pair selection based on load profile standard deviation effectively identifies systems that derive the greatest value from MVB2B integration. Finally, an optimized connection point selection approach using a voltage load sensitivity matrix ensures minimal system impact while facilitating efficient power exchange. These findings provide practical insights for the real-world deployment of MVB2B converters to enhance DER hosting capacity and improve grid resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Vibration and Noise of Converter Transformer Based on LCL Converter","authors":"Liang Zhao,&nbsp;Longfu Luo,&nbsp;Yuzhuo Wang,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Feng,&nbsp;Yanyun Jin","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper introduces a novel converter design that utilizes an LCL filtering structure to mitigate the issues of harmonic generation, which can exacerbate the vibration and noise in converter transformers within high-voltage direct current transmission systems. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the vibration and noise reduction capabilities of the converter from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Firstly, the paper outlines the topology of the new LCL converter. Following this, a new harmonic model for the LCL converter is established to analyse its harmonic characteristics. Additionally, the paper examines how varying filter capacitor values impact the filtering efficacy and the subsequent reduction in vibration and noise. To validate these findings, a 12-pulse rectification principle prototype experimental platform was constructed. This platform was used to compare the power quality of traditional LCC converters with the new LCL converters, as well as to analyse the vibration and noise characteristics of the converter transformers. The experimental results indicate that the proposed LCL converter not only effectively suppresses harmonics but also significantly reduces the vibration and noise of the converter transformers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Silicon Carbide Enabled Medium Voltage DC Tranmission Systems","authors":"Arkadeep Deb,&nbsp;Jose Ortiz Gonzalez,&nbsp;Ruizhu Wu,&nbsp;Walid Issa,&nbsp;Saeed Jahdi,&nbsp;Olayiwola Alatise","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid electric vehicle (EV) chargers with power ratings above 100 kW will become more common in the future. Reinforcing UK distribution networks with additional power handling capacity can be costly and disruptive. This is due to the limited headroom in 11 kV distribution networks and the high population densities where 11 kV/400 V transformers are located. This paper proposes a medium voltage DC (MVDC) system that bypasses the 33 kV/11 and 11 kV/400 V AC transformers by transmitting 54 kV DC power directly to the EV charging stations. The 33 kV AC to 54 kV rectification in this system is proposed to be done by using a 29-level modular multilevel converter (MMC) implemented in 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs. On the EV side, there will be a 54 kV to 800 V/400 V fully isolated DC/DC converter implemented with 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs on the primary side and 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs or Schottky diodes on the secondary side. This paper presents experimentally calibrated converter simulation results demonstrating improved performance in the MVDC system and shows this is only possible with SiC MOSFET technology, as the losses using silicon IGBTs make the system less efficient than the existing AC transmission system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}