Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"PNLNet: Partial Supervision-Driven Nonlocal-Local Network for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation of Substation Point Clouds","authors":"Shaotong Pei,&nbsp;Haichao Sun,&nbsp;Chenlong Hu,&nbsp;Weiqi Wang,&nbsp;Mianxiao Wu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing semantic segmentation algorithms for substation point clouds typically rely on fully supervised learning, which requires a large amount of manually labelled point cloud data. This makes the segmentation process both time-consuming and costly. To address this issue, this paper proposes PNLNet, a pseudo-label-based weakly supervised learning algorithm. The network comprises two core components: a semi-supervised pseudo-label generation module and a point cloud segmentation main network. The pseudo-label generation module employs a semi-supervised strategy that combines a local-nonlocal relational graph with a graph convolutional network. This strategy performs a semi-supervised graph node classification task to generate point-level pseudo-labels for the point cloud data. The main network adopts an encoder-decoder architecture, incorporating a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to enhance feature representation across different channels and extract critical information from diverse locations. Additionally, the network uses an inverted residual multi-layer perceptron (InvResMLP) to mitigate overfitting and gradient vanishing issues. Furthermore, a substation point cloud dataset was constructed for this study and the PNLNet algorithm was evaluated through ablation studies and comparative experiments with state-of-the-art fully supervised and weakly supervised learning methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PNLNet achieves segmentation performance comparable to the best fully supervised algorithms while reducing annotation time by 90%. The model significantly lowers the time and cost associated with processing substation point cloud data, maintaining high segmentation accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Wireless Sensor Adaptive Networking for Power Monitoring Based on Ultra Wide Band","authors":"Kaiyun Wen,&nbsp;Hongshan Zhao,&nbsp;Shice Zhao","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the status of power equipment is a key means of ensuring the power grid's safe, reliable, and economical operation. However, current mature wireless communication technology and networking protocols are constrained by the spectral efficiency bottleneck and multipath sensitivity of narrowband systems, which hinders their ability to fulfill the high-reliability and flexibility transmission needs of large-flow data in power monitoring. This paper proposes an adaptive networking method for power monitoring wireless sensor networks (PMWSN) based on ultra-wideband (UWB), fully leveraging the high bandwidth, high temporal resolution, and physical layer advantages of UWB technology in resisting multipath interference. Because of sensor nodes' weak networking ability in power business scenarios, a new PMWSN architecture is presented, which uses routing nodes with high computing power to collect sensor data and network. The wireless routing and gateway device based on UWB pulse radio characteristics is designed to achieve high-speed and reliable power data through low-power spectral density transmission. Furthermore, an adaptive networking method of PMWSN is proposed, which enables routing nodes to comprehensively calculate the optimal data transmission path and alternative paths based on distance, link quality, and load rate. The experimental results show that the maximum transmission rate of the designed wireless routing device can reach 1.7 Mbps (6.8 times higher than typical industrial IoT protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 and 170 times higher than LoRa)while maintaining a reliable throughput of 836.5 kbps within a distance of 100 meters. Moreover, the proposed self-organizing network technology can quickly complete the networking process, and the average maximum delay of single-hop data transmission is 3.6 ms. In addition, when a new node joins, or an existing node exits the network, the proposed method can promptly use alternative paths for rapid routing recovery, thereby improving the reliability and anti-destruction capability of the network.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability Evaluation and Frequency Drift Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Grid-Connected PMSG Wind Turbines","authors":"Gangui Yan,&nbsp;Cheng Yang,&nbsp;Yupeng Wang,&nbsp;Lin Yue,&nbsp;Fu Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) in grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) is a complex dynamic behaviour influenced by multiple factors. The phenomenon of SSO has the characteristic of frequency drift. Previous studies have mainly focused on the SSO stability, without further explanation of the reasons for frequency drift in SSO. In this paper, a SISO transfer function model is constructed to analyse the SSO characteristics of grid-connected PMSG. The study quantitatively analyses the impacts of grid strength, operating conditions and voltage/current control parameters on system stability and oscillation frequency based on amplitude/phase margin. It reveals the triggering mechanism of SSO instability in weak grid strength and characterises the constraining relationship between grid strength/operating conditions and the stable operational region of the system. The results demonstrate that variations in SSO frequency are predominantly influenced by control parameter settings, with a measurable variation range of up to 26.7 Hz. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the theoretical analysis results are verified through simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Model Hybrid Driven Optimal Voltage Control for AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network","authors":"Xiaoxing Lu,&nbsp;Xiaolong Xiao,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhange,&nbsp;Ning Guo,&nbsp;Fan Wu,&nbsp;Jiahao Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the development of distributed new energy and power electronics technology, the AC/DC hybrid distribution networks (AD-HDN) have gradually become an important form of distribution networks in the future and have attracted widespread attention. The high proportion of distributed new energy resource represented by distributed photovoltaic (PV) brings great challenges to the safe and effective operation of AD-HDN. Meanwhile, the randomness and fluctuation of PVs’ power output put forward higher requirements for the global coordination and dynamic response of the voltage control strategy in AD-HDN. This paper proposes a data-model hybrid-driven optimal voltage control (DMHD-OVC) method with integration of droop control and deep reinforcement learning for AD-HDN. First, parameters adjustable <i>Q</i>–<i>V</i> and <i>P</i>–<i>V</i> droop control model are established. Then, an optimal voltage control model is constructed with the aim of minimizing power losses. After that, deep reinforcement learning is employed to optimize the controllable parameters, so as to realize the online optimal voltage control for AD-HDN. Finally, numerical simulations based on a modified IEEE 33 AC/DC hybrid test system are conducted to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Collection Scheme of Private Data When Using Blockchain to Estimate Baseline Load in Demand Response","authors":"Wenke Zhou,&nbsp;Kaifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yaping Li,&nbsp;Wenbo Mao,&nbsp;Shengchun Yang,&nbsp;Wenlu Ji","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When estimating baseline load in demand response (DR), the accuracy of the results can be greatly improved if private data of resource owners are available. However, this may bring the risk of privacy leakage. Therefore, mainstream approaches advocate against using private data for baseline load estimation. To this end, this paper proposes a blockchain-based baseline load estimation and supervision framework, making it possible to use private data for baseline load estimation. Then, three principles for private data collection are established by analyzing the problems caused by collecting excessive or insufficient data, that is, first, the data collected should help calculate the baseline load effectively. Second, the data collected should ensure that the cost of data falsification by resource owners is significantly higher than the rewards they would gain in DR. Third, the rewards should far exceed the costs resource owners pay for data collection, transmission, and storage. Furthermore, this paper converts the problem of finding an optimal data collection scheme into an optimization model. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with nonlinear inertia weight is then used to solve this problem, determining the optimal types and frequencies of data collection. Finally, this paper analyzes a case study where a shopping mall participates in DR, and points out the optimal collection types and frequencies of private data for such a scenario. The proposed model also shows effectiveness and robustness through sensitivity analysis and robustness test.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hybrid Single-Ended Fault Detection and Classification Scheme in a Double-Circuit Transmission Line","authors":"Ehsan Akbari,&nbsp;Milad Samady Shadlu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A six-phase, double-circuit transmission system consists of two independent three-phase circuits powered by a common bus. The increase in the number of phases introduces a variety of faults, including both intra-circuit and inter-circuit faults, which can complicate fault detection and classification algorithms. Accurate identification and classification of these faults are essential for interrupting fault propagation and enabling rapid system restoration. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm that employs signal processing techniques based on mathematical transformations to detect faults, identify the faulty circuit, and classify the fault type. The algorithm operates by sampling the currents from a single terminal and includes zero-sequence current analysis to differentiate between ground and non-ground faults. Given that the threshold values for fault classification vary across different scenarios, a simple model is proposed to determine these thresholds dynamically. The proposed model is simulated on a standard double-circuit transmission system within the MATLAB/Simulink software environment, and its performance is evaluated under various fault scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the model's capability to accurately detect and classify fault types in the test system. Notably, the objectives of fault detection and classification are achieved with 100% accuracy across all fault scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-Assisted Fault Location Coordinated Strategy for Resilient Distribution Systems","authors":"Haochen Zhang,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Jian Zhong,&nbsp;Zhaohong Bie,&nbsp;Guowei Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The orderly and rapid restoration of the distribution system (DS) after disasters depends on the accuracy and reliability of fault location. Disasters may also damage the communication infrastructure, resulting in untimely reporting of fault information detected by remote fault indicators (RFIs). In this paper, we propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted coordination strategy for status collection and fault location in distribution systems. The strategy utilizes the RFIs’ fault status indication information collected by UAVs in the communication fault area for fault location. A co-optimization model for information acquisition and fault location is established, taking into account the probability of possible fault scenarios, the total amount of status information collected, and the working time of UAVs for multiple objectives. The model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem form using logarithmic transformations and linear relaxation methods. By iteratively solving and adding cut constraints, the fault section location and UAV dispatching decision can be determined, and RFI abnormalities can be identified. This strategy effectively harnesses the potential of UAVs for fault location in post-disaster scenarios within DS, offers valuable insights for post-disaster information collection and fault location, and enhances the situational awareness capabilities of DS following extreme events.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic Transformer Modelling Approach for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Three-Phase Transformers and Transformer Banks","authors":"Laura Fiedler,&nbsp;Maximilian Schmidt,&nbsp;Peter Schegner","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the continuous integration of power-intensive consumers and producers into low-voltage networks, appropriate equipment models are increasingly important, especially for the calculation of the three-phase network state. Therefore, this paper proposes a generic modelling approach for three-phase two-winding transformers and transformer banks in phase-coordinates. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical transformers of both types can be represented. The different modelling options and the underlying data are comprehensively presented. A large variety of vector groups and neutral point treatments are supported. This paper not only presents the generic modelling approach but also introduces a new methodology for taking into account the asymmetry of three-phase transformers, which is characterised by a particularly low amount of data required. While many transformer models neglect the asymmetrical structure of transformers or require detailed construction data on core and winding geometry, the presented methodology uses only few core geometry ratios. If these data are not available, they can be estimated if necessary or suggested substitutes can be used. For all transformer types, the resulting 6x6, 7x7 or 8x8 matrix can be seamlessly incorporated into the network nodal admittance matrix. The model was validated by comparison with calculation results from established power system calculation programs and measurement results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Adaptive Current Differential Protection for Wind Farms Based on Cosine Compensation Coefficient","authors":"Yifan Li,&nbsp;Bing Hou,&nbsp;Jiashuo Lv,&nbsp;Zebang Yang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) into wind farms presents significant challenges to current differential protection (CDP). In this study, an adaptive CDP principle for wind farms is proposed. By introducing the virtual restraint current, the restraint current is significantly reduced under low-resistance faults. Additionally, a boundary model is constructed based on the complex relationship of current phasors. On this basis, the cosine compensation coefficient is formulated solely using the amplitudes and phases of the two-terminal currents, which further enhances the ability to identify high-resistance faults. The principle can also lock the restraint coefficient according to the current amplitude, thereby reducing false trips. Finally, the performance of the scheme is demonstrated by Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). Test results indicate that the proposed principle identifies faults more reliably and rapidly than the conventional CDP. The proposed principle is novel and feasible both in theory and practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentralized Energy Hub Management in Networked Microgrids With Bi-Directional Energy Trading: An RO-IGDT Approach","authors":"Meisam Moradi,&nbsp;Asghar Akbari Foroud","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advancement of technologies in combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) systems has significantly driven the development of energy hubs (EHs), offering an efficient platform to integrate diverse energy carriers. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for interconnected energy hubs within networked microgrids (NMGs), aiming to improve the efficiency of multi-carrier energy systems through optimal coordination among the involved entities. In the proposed model, both microgrids and the distribution network are treated as autonomous agents, each managing its own local scheduling challenges. To achieve seamless coordination between these entities, a distributed approach based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is utilised to mitigate power exchange conflicts between multiple microgrids and the distribution network. Additionally, energy systems often operate under uncertain conditions due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and their interactions with the electricity market. To address these uncertainties, this study introduces a novel decentralised optimisation framework that integrates robust optimization (RO) with information gap decision theory (IGDT). The proposed model is evaluated on multi-carrier energy systems within networked microgrids, and the results demonstrate its low computational complexity and guaranteed convergence of the distributed algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}