Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Unit commitment in solar-based integrated energy distribution systems with electrical, thermal and natural gas flexibilities: Application of information gap decision theory","authors":"Nima Nasiri,&nbsp;Saeed Zeynali,&nbsp;Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The depleting oil reserves, air pollution and increasing energy demand, have overturned the focus of the scientific community to renewable energy sources. Among which the photovoltaic (PV) systems occupy more than half of the market share and are generally installed at the distribution level. The volatile and uncertain nature of these PV productions necessitates flexible resources in energy systems. To this end, the district heating systems have an outstanding flexibility on account of their high thermal inertia. This study investigates the optimal unit commitment scheduling for gas-fired and non-gas-fired distributed generation units (NGU) in an integrated energy distribution system (IEDS) within the physical constraints of the electrical, natural gas and thermal energy distribution networks. Moreover, a planning-based optimization framework is proposed to investigate the investment of battery storage systems in the electric distribution network under the high penetration of PV systems with the aim of enhancing flexibility and reducing the operating costs of the IEDS. In this framework, the information gap decision theory is deployed under risk-averse and risk-seeker strategies to deal with uncertain PV energy production. Additionally, the environmental emissions are considered in a multi-objective approach. The IEDS is embodied through IEEE 33-bus EDS, 20-node natural gas network and an 8-node district heating systems. Eventually, The proposed approach makes a noteworthy contribution to the advancement of solar energy systems in IEDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 23","pages":"3895-3913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-phase four-wire power flow solution for multi-grounded distribution networks with non-bolted grounding","authors":"Nien-Che Yang,&nbsp;Song-Ting Zeng","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study proposes a direct <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 <mi>BUS</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${{bm{Z}}}_{{{bf BUS}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> three-phase four-wire power flow method to accurately analyse the neutral line and multiple grounding characteristics. In particular, the proposed grounding impedance building-based solution method was used to analyse the neutral grounding impedance in power flow studies based on the slack bus grounding impedance. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified using a neutral-to-earth voltage test system. IEEE 13-bus and 123-bus test systems were used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method. Compared to the current injection full Newton and forward–backward sweep methods, the proposed method achieves a significant reduction in iteration numbers of up to 76.92% and 77.78%, respectively. For different grounding scenarios, stable convergence characteristics were exhibited by the proposed method after six to seven iterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 23","pages":"3914-3927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of fire danger index using a new machine learning based method to enhance power system resiliency against wildfires","authors":"Tan Nhat Pham,&nbsp;Rakibuzzaman Shah,&nbsp;Nima Amjady,&nbsp;Syed Islam","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13320","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildfires, which can cause significant damage to power systems, are mostly inevitable and unpredictable. Fire danger indexes, such as the Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI), measure the potential wildfire danger at a given time and location. Thus, by predicting these fire danger indexes in advance, power system operators can obtain valuable insight into the potential wildfire risks and can better be prepared to tackle the wildfires. However, due to dependency on weather conditions, these indexes usually have volatile time series, which make their prediction complex. Taking these facts into account, this paper, unlike previous approaches that predict fire danger indexes based on climatological models, develops a machine learning-based forecast process to predict these indexes using the relevant weather data and past performance. To do this, first, a volatility analysis approach is presented to analyse the volatility level of the time series data of a fire danger index. Afterwards, an effective machine learning-based forecast methodology using a new deep feature selection model is proposed to predict fire danger indexes. The developed forecast methodology is tested on the real-world data of FFDI and FWI and is compared with several popular alternative methods reported in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 23","pages":"4008-4022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A collaborative planning of PCCs siting and transmission network expansion for super large-scale offshore wind clusters","authors":"Jingwen Ling,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Bian,&nbsp;Yue Yang,&nbsp;Ling Xu,&nbsp;Mengyao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of super large-scale offshore wind clusters into the onshore power grid brings challenges for the flexibility of the transmission network. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage collaborative planning of points of common coupling siting and transmission network expansion for super large-scale offshore wind clusters, based on a multi-voltage-level stratified integration mode which enables offshore wind power to transmit to larger regions for accommodation. At first, the transmission network flexibility indexes are established. Then, a two-stage collaborative planning model for points of common couplings siting and transmission network expansion is proposed, which comprises a collaborative planning model and an optimal power flow operation model. The proposed model reduces wind curtailment and load shedding by optimizing the annual total cost and flexibility transmission capability of the network. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using a modified IEEE 30-bus system and a 65-bus system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3745-3759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of steady-state operation of active distribution network under uncertain conditions","authors":"Ruijing Zhu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, distributed generators (DGs) have been widely integrated into distribution network, so that the distribution network is gradually transforming into an active distribution network (ADN). Due to the influence of meteorological conditions, the output of DGs has high uncertainty. At the same time, considering the increasing variety of loads in ADNs, the uncertainty of load demand of user side is also increasing. In order to fully consider the uncertainty of measurement and quantitatively evaluate the operational status, this paper proposes a steady-state analysis method for ADNs under uncertain conditions. Firstly, this paper proposes a steady-state analysis method including power flow analysis model and evaluation indicators for the operation status from the perspectives of node and network. Secondly, the uncertainty factors are elaborated from three aspects: sources, impact on evaluation index and impact on scheduling. The evaluation indicators considering uncertain conditions, the impact on system security and scheduling of network are further discussed. Finally, through the simulation analysis of the modified IEEE 33-node test system, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3732-3744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized method of power oscillation characteristic analysis for multi-VSC grid-connected system","authors":"Yonghai Xu,&nbsp;Benshuang Qin,&nbsp;Jiaoxin Jia,&nbsp;Aobo Shan,&nbsp;Yidan Chen,&nbsp;Wang Yingxin","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The grid-connection of high-permeability new energy through voltage-source converters (VSCs) brings new oscillation risks to the power system, which seriously threatens the stable operation of the system. Therefore, an evaluating method based on modal analysis is proposed to investigate the power oscillation characteristics in a multi-VSC grid-connected system. Initially, based on the analogy method, the output admittance model of voltage-source controlled VSCs (VC-VSCs) and current-source controlled VSCs (CC-VSCs) is established. Subsequently, the output admittance model of a multi-VSC grid-connected system is constructed. Then, the modal analysis method is introduced to investigate the power oscillation characteristics of VC-VSCs and CC-VSCs, and the influence factors of power oscillation and its variation law are analysed. Next, a sensitivity analysis is also employed, which helps to identify the origin of each oscillation mode and determine the contribution of each component to the power oscillation. Finally, simulation and experiment are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the above analysis method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3633-3645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience assessment of power transmission system during wildfire disasters considering spread process","authors":"Shengwen Shu,&nbsp;Nan Xiao,&nbsp;Shiyun Cao,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;Caoying Fang,&nbsp;Wenbing Xie","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large-scale wildfires can significantly reduce the air gap insulation resistance of high-voltage transmission lines and cause chain tripping incidents. To assess the resilience of the power transmission system during wildfire, this paper proposes a resilience assessment framework for transmission system that considers the entire process of wildfire disaster. Firstly, a wildfire spread model, considering multiple influencing factors, is developed based on the cellular automaton. Based on the air gap breakdown mechanism during wildfires, the trip-out probability of transmission lines is calculated, and various failure scenarios are obtained by using the Monte Carlo sampling. Secondly, considering the geographical location of failures, maintenance personnel schedules and restoration time, a power transmission system restoration model is established. Thus, a resilience assessment method for power transmission system during wildfire disasters is proposed. Finally, IEEE RTS-79 transmission system is taken as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience assessment method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively calculate the wildfire spread tendency and transmission line's trip-out probability. Furthermore, three typical resilience improvement measures are quantitatively analysed, which provides a quantifiable reference for the power sector to formulate prevention and recovery strategies for extreme wildfire disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3696-3712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage stochastic energy and reserve market clearing model considering real-time offering strategy of renewable energy","authors":"Zhengting Jiang,&nbsp;Yunpeng Xiao,&nbsp;Taishan Xu,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Jianxue Wang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the introduction of decarbonization policies worldwide, renewable energy, especially wind and solar power, is gradually taking a significant share in the power system. The two-stage stochastic optimization methods are generally adopted to address the uncertainty issues and the two-stage stochastic market clearing models are established with the participation of renewable energy. However, most existing two-stage stochastic market clearing models usually intuitively presume the offering quantities of renewable energy are equal to their forecast values, neglecting the potential impacts of the strategic offerings on the market results and thus affecting the secure operation of power systems. To fill the gaps, this paper incorporates the strategic offering models of renewable energy into the two-stage stochastic energy and reserve market clearing model. Within the two-stage framework, the first day-ahead stage serves for energy and reserve market clearing, while the second real-time stage considers the adjustments on offering quantities of renewable energy according to the fluctuations of renewable generations. The two-stage stochastic market clearing model is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, and an iterative algorithm is devised to obtain market clearing results after proper linearizations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using the extended IEEE-118 test system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3713-3731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lightweight MMC topology with recombined half-bridge submodules for DC fault ride-through","authors":"Yutao Xu,&nbsp;Zhukui Tan,&nbsp;Jikai Li,&nbsp;Qihui Feng,&nbsp;Zhuang Wu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lightweight of modular multilevel converter (MMC) and the DC faults ride-through ability are main challenges for MMC-high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. By introducing the concept of time-division multiplexing, an arm multiplexing MMC (AM-MMC) topology with high utilization of submodules is presented to reduce the weight and volume of MMC. In order to block the DC side fault current, this paper proposes a novel submodule in AM-MMC, instead of using full-bridge submodules. The proposed recombined half-bridge submodules of AM-MMC (RHAM-MMC) contains four half-bridge submodules and an IGBT with reverse parallel diodes. The topology and operating principle of RHAM-MMC are introduced in detail. The time-division multiplexing of middle arms between upper and lower arms is achieved by introducing arm selection switches. Thus, a new type of arm switch and switching method is designed based on the switch state. The DC faults ride-through strategy is carried out based on its DC fault characteristic analysis. In addition, the economy analysis is conducted on the switching loss and operating loss of RHAM-MMC. Compared with the fault ride-through capability of other sub-modules (SMs), RHAM-MMC performs better in terms of investment cost and device losses. The simulation results based on MATLAB/Simulink reveal that RHAM-MMC can achieve the DC side fault ride-through and show effectiveness of the DC fault ride-through control strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3555-3566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive distance protection scheme considering fault resistance, injected current, and structural changes in the power system","authors":"Majid Mohtashami,&nbsp;Abbas Saberi Noghabi","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Faults in power systems occur for various reasons, such as aging or natural disasters. Detecting, locating, and promptly clearing these faults is crucial for maintaining the safety and reliability of transmission lines (TLs). Distance relays (DRs), which protect TLs, detect faults, estimate their location, and send the required commands. However, these relays may experience mis-detection due to manipulated impedance arising from both internal and external factors. These factors include measurement device errors, network topology changes, the presence of fault resistance (FR), and injected currents from remote line terminals. To address this challenge, an innovative adaptive protection scheme that considers FR, changes in network topology, and injected current from the opposite end of the line is proposed. By estimating the equivalent circuit impedances (ECIs) of the network connected to the terminal of the TL, this protection scheme utilizes impedance estimation techniques at the line terminals and offline network information. Simulation studies (tested on the IEEE 39-bus standard network) show that the proposed scheme accurately estimates fault location (FL) and FR with high precision. The simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the performance of conventional distance protection relays in both the first and second protection zones (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>e</mi>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Zon{e}_1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>Z</mi>\u0000 <mi>o</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>e</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$Zon{e}_2$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>).</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 24","pages":"4328-4341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}