Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献_第3页

Power Line Communication as a Sensor: Medium Voltage Cable Diagnostics 电力线通信作为传感器：中压电缆诊断

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70248

Lukas Benesl, Petr Mlynek, Michal Krbal, Martin Rusz, Petr Musil, Jiri Misurec, Jan Slacik

{"title":"Power Line Communication as a Sensor: Medium Voltage Cable Diagnostics","authors":"Lukas Benesl, Petr Mlynek, Michal Krbal, Martin Rusz, Petr Musil, Jiri Misurec, Jan Slacik","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70248","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the secondary use of power line communication (PLC) technology, specifically broadband power line (BPL), as a diagnostic tool for medium voltage (MV) cable lines. Through experimental measurements, it was confirmed that selected communication parameters of BPL modems exhibit measurable deviations in the presence of partial discharge (PD) activity. Specifically, the parameters considered are throughput, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), link capacity, bit load estimate (BLE), transmission amplitude map, Tonemap (modulation scheme), and Tonemask. In particular, BPL throughput decreased by approximately 10 Mbps for 100 pC PD and by around 50% for 1,000 pC PD. Since partial discharges are an early indicator of insulation system degradation, their detection supports predictive maintenance and contributes to improving the operational reliability of distribution networks. The results demonstrate that PLC/BPL technology–originally designed for communication and automation of distribution transformer stations (DTS)–can also serve as a cost-effective and readily deployable sensor system for real-time monitoring of cable health, without the need for dedicated diagnostic equipment. Experiments employing both inductive and capacitive couplers confirm the effectiveness of this secondary application in detecting insulation-related anomalies.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Information Fusion Diagnosis of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers via Newton–Raphson Optimised Transformer and Meta-Transfer Learning 基于Newton-Raphson优化变压器和元迁移学习的高压断路器多信息融合诊断

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70252

Zhengrun Zhang, Yanxin Wang, Jing Yan, Qianzhen Jing, Jianhua Wang, Yingsan Geng, Dipti Srinivasan

{"title":"Multi-Information Fusion Diagnosis of High-Voltage Circuit Breakers via Newton–Raphson Optimised Transformer and Meta-Transfer Learning","authors":"Zhengrun Zhang, Yanxin Wang, Jing Yan, Qianzhen Jing, Jianhua Wang, Yingsan Geng, Dipti Srinivasan","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70252","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) remains challenging due to the complex and nonstationary nature of vibration signals, scarcity of fault samples, and the limited feature-extraction capacity of existing few-shot learning models. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-information fusion diagnostic framework that integrates a Newton-Raphson optimised Transformer with meta-transfer learning (MTL). Specifically, entropy-weighted fusion is introduced to suppress conflicting channels and aggregate multi-directional vibration measurements into an informative representation. To improve training stability and reduce sensitivity to manual trial-and-error under limited data, a Newton–Raphson-based optimiser is employed offline to select key Transformer hyperparameters. For data-scarce and cross-scenario diagnosis, a meta-transfer learning scheme with a lightweight scale-shift adaptation module enables fast adaptation while mitigating overfitting. The proposed framework is validated on a self-developed multimodal vibration acquisition platform and compared with representative baselines. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the highest diagnostic accuracy (98.45%) and F1-score (98.26%) under 5-way 5-shot settings, outperforming conventional baselines by 2.0%–5.5%. The method exhibits strong interpretability and adaptability to variable operating conditions, providing a reliable solution for intelligent mechanical fault diagnosis of HVCBs.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Stage Robust Security-Constrained Unit Commitment for Wind Power Reserve Provision Optimisation Under Decision-Dependent Uncertainty 决策依赖不确定性下风电备用配置优化的两阶段鲁棒安全约束机组承诺

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70251

Yuzheng Liu, Tao Ding, Yujie Ding, Biyuan Zhang, Shengjie Wang, Xuebin Wang

引用次数: 0

Multi-Input Backstepping Control for Transient Stability Enhancement in Power Systems With PMSG-Based Wind Turbines and UPFC 基于pmsg和UPFC的多输入反步控制增强电力系统暂态稳定性

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70236

Mohsen Zamani Boroujeni, Saeed Abazari, Said Hoghoughi, Abbas Kargar

{"title":"Multi-Input Backstepping Control for Transient Stability Enhancement in Power Systems With PMSG-Based Wind Turbines and UPFC","authors":"Mohsen Zamani Boroujeni, Saeed Abazari, Said Hoghoughi, Abbas Kargar","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70236","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the enhancement of power system stability by incorporating the coordinated operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). A multi-input backstepping control strategy is designed to improve the power system's transient performance, while its asymptotic stability is rigorously verified through Lyapunov's direct method. The proposed control law acts on both PMSG and UPFC inputs to increase the system's critical clearing time under fault conditions. The full nonlinear dynamics of the PMSG and UPFC are explicitly integrated into the control scheme. To achieve optimal performance, the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm is employed to fine-tune the gains of the controller. Furthermore, a second-order sliding-mode observer (SOSMO) is implemented to estimate the time derivatives of selected voltage signals. The designed controller also incorporates physical and operational constraints on control inputs, synchronous generator variables, and system currents and voltages. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach are validated through simulations conducted on the standard New England 39-bus test system and also the 118-bus system. Comparative results with a similar system utilising a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) demonstrate that the proposed controller achieves superior transient stability and robustness against parameter uncertainties, as well as variations in fault location and timing.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146154657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Dimensional Stability Constrained Bi-Level Topology Optimisation Method for HVDC Systems Embedded in Dense AC Grids 密集交流电网中高压直流系统的多维稳定性约束双能级拓扑优化方法

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70249

Mingxin Yan, Ying Huang, Guoteng Wang, Hui Cai, Zheng Xu, Xingning Han

{"title":"Multi-Dimensional Stability Constrained Bi-Level Topology Optimisation Method for HVDC Systems Embedded in Dense AC Grids","authors":"Mingxin Yan, Ying Huang, Guoteng Wang, Hui Cai, Zheng Xu, Xingning Han","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70249","url":null,"abstract":"The massive integration of renewable energy has imposed new challenges on traditional AC power networks, such as excessive short-circuit currents, overload risks of N-1 contingencies, and voltage/frequency instability. With the capabilities of electrical decoupling and flexible power flow control, embedded high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems have emerged as a key technology for enhancing the security and stability of dense AC grids. Focusing on the topological optimisation of embedded HVDC systems, this paper first analyses the coupling characteristics between HVDC systems and intensive AC grids from four technical dimensions. Then, integrating multi-dimensional stability constraints — power flow under steady-state and N-1 contingency, short-circuit current, voltage and transient stability, a multi-dimensional stability constrained bi-level topology optimisation model is proposed for HVDC systems embedded in dense AC grids, which incorporates upper-level economic optimisation and lower-level stability correction using penalty functions, addressing the limitations of traditional planning in multi-objective coordination and computational efficiency for large-scale grids. Finally, simulation calculations are conducted on a typical 500 kV dense AC transmission network in a provincial region. The results demonstrate the feasibility and scientific validity of the optimisation method in suppressing short-circuit currents, optimising power flow distribution and enhancing the grid stability margin.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70249","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146176180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decision-Making Method for Sectionalizing of Parallel Restoration After a Blackout 停电后并联恢复分区的决策方法

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70230

Mahdi Arefian, Amin Khodabakhshian, Mohammadreza Esmaili

{"title":"Decision-Making Method for Sectionalizing of Parallel Restoration After a Blackout","authors":"Mahdi Arefian, Amin Khodabakhshian, Mohammadreza Esmaili","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70230","url":null,"abstract":"Parallel restoration is a common method to bring the power grid back online after a blackout. The initial step in this process involves sectionalizing the system into multiple subsystems to have an efficient restoration. In this regard, this paper proposes a new method. First, the generators are grouped so as to simultaneously minimize the differences in total maximum generation capacity among the subsystems and the unavailable energy capacity (UEC). Dijkstra's algorithm is then applied to calculate the shortest paths between generators. This helps in the identification of the bus groupings within the system. To determine tie lines, the status of other buses is assessed, and all possible solutions satisfying network constraints are identified. Sectionalizing is carried out by six key criteria: energy not supplied (ENS), maximum standing phase angle (SPA) among all subsystems, restoration time, subsystem recovery time balance index (H index), quality index (Q index), and power exchange among subsystems. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), method which is a common approach for ranking and prioritizing criteria is used for the first time to determine the sectionalizing strategy based on these criteria. This paper considers time-varying load conditions and solves the sectionalizing problem independently for each hour of the day. Also, results are obtained and compared for two scenarios: with and without the integration of renewable energy sources. The New England 39-bus power system is used to validate the proposed method, in which the results demonstrate its superiority performance for network restoration in comparison with other methods.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calculation Method for Magnetic Saturation Current of Shunt Reactors Under Oscillation in Renewable Energy Power Systems 可再生能源电力系统并联电抗器振荡下磁饱和电流的计算方法

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70243

Botong Li, Guodong Li, Wei Dai, Baoshi Zhang, Bin Li, Yincheng Wang, Xiang Zhu, Xinrui Chang, Shijie Han

{"title":"Calculation Method for Magnetic Saturation Current of Shunt Reactors Under Oscillation in Renewable Energy Power Systems","authors":"Botong Li, Guodong Li, Wei Dai, Baoshi Zhang, Bin Li, Yincheng Wang, Xiang Zhu, Xinrui Chang, Shijie Han","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70243","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the analytical calculation challenges for magnetic saturation current characteristics in high-voltage shunt reactors, considering the air-gapped core structure and nonlinear magnetisation characteristics under novel oscillatory conditions in renewable energy power systems. A piecewise analytical method is proposed to determine winding and neutral reactor currents based on magnetic circuit operational states. Electromagnetic equations are established for shunt reactors under various magnetic circuit states during oscillation. Using knee-point as state boundaries, piecewise solutions yield time-domain analytical expressions for winding and neutral reactor currents. On this basis, the influence of oscillatory parameters on the characteristic components of the winding current is analysed, and a method for determining the critical saturation oscillatory frequency and amplitude of the shunt reactor is proposed accordingly. Finally, a parameter-refined shunt reactor simulation model is constructed using the MATLAB/Simulink platform to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method, as well as its adaptability and robustness under different operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146193675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution Network Fault Detection and Classification Using an Improved S-Transform and a Modified Convolutional Neural Network 基于改进s变换和改进卷积神经网络的配电网故障检测与分类

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70245

Fei Xiao, Rui Li, Hui Wang, Chunfang Zheng, Youya Shang, Qian Ai

{"title":"Distribution Network Fault Detection and Classification Using an Improved S-Transform and a Modified Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Fei Xiao, Rui Li, Hui Wang, Chunfang Zheng, Youya Shang, Qian Ai","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70245","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, smart distribution networks have developed rapidly. However, complex electrical equipment and multisource monitoring data present great challenges for efficient fault detection in distribution networks. Accordingly, this study designs a multistage fault diagnosis framework based on a modified convolutional neural network (MCNN). First, an adaptive multiresolution S-transform (MST) model is applied to detect the initiation and recovery times of feeder line faults efficiently. Then, feeder line fault waveforms are converted into 2D images on the basis of the results of MST and equal-interval sampling. Next, a convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with a parallel network is designed as a robust fault classifier. The structure of the classifier model can help enhance accuracy, while the modified activation function can achieve fast convergence. Finally, simulation data obtained from an IEEE model and field data collected from a city power system are used to validate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed MCNN model. The average 10-fold cross-validation results of the fault diagnosis model based on MCNN are better than those of the CNN model in terms of related indicators. Meanwhile, the average 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of the proposed classifier based on simulation and field data is 97.3% and 95.6%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146197045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Total Distortion—A New Power Quality Index on Current Harmonic Evaluation for Users With Internal Loads and DERs 总畸变——一种用于有内负荷和无负载用户电流谐波评估的新电能质量指标

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70247

Sivaraman P, Sharmeela C, Sanjeevikumar P, Sabari B. K

{"title":"Total Distortion—A New Power Quality Index on Current Harmonic Evaluation for Users With Internal Loads and DERs","authors":"Sivaraman P, Sharmeela C, Sanjeevikumar P, Sabari B. K","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70247","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE Std 519–2022 IEEE Standard for harmonic control in electric power systems is widely used for controlling the harmonics in the electric power system. It uses the total demand distortion (TDD) for current harmonic evaluation at the point of common coupling (PCC). According to IEEE 519–2022, current harmonic assessment for site installations with inverter-based resources (IBRs) or distributed energy resources (DERs) is based on a decision tree. As per the decision tree, any site installation with a combined rated site generation exceeding 10% of the annual average load demand shall utilize the total rated current distortion (TRD) method, as specified in IEEE Std 1547, for evaluating current harmonics. For a combined DER rating from 10% to 90% of annual average load demand, TRD evaluates the higher current harmonic distortion, leading to an additional/higher rating of harmonic mitigation devices (i.e., harmonic filters) to comply with the current harmonic limits. The authors of this paper propose a new index, called ‘total distortion (TD)’, to evaluate current harmonic distortion and overcome the shortcomings mentioned above. Modeling and harmonic analysis are performed in DigSILENT PowerFactory software to calculate harmonic distortions. The effectiveness of the TD over the TDD and TRD index is analysed for an example of an e-Bus charging station with a combined rated generation (i.e., DERs) of different sizes. Using the TD method for current harmonic evaluation minimizes the additional harmonic filter requirements (1 × 195 kVAr tuned for a 245 Hz maximum value) to comply with the IEEE Std 1547 limits, as compared to the TRD method. The authors propose a new decision tree for evaluating current harmonics at the site installation, considering both internal loads and DERs/IBRs, and recommend it to IEEE Std 519, IEEE Std 1547, and IEEE Std 2800.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146196985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability and Synchronization of MMC-HVDC Systems Using SRF and Inertia-Based PLLs 基于SRF和惯性锁相环的MMC-HVDC系统的稳定性和同步

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70246

Shuai Wang, Robin Preece, Mike Barnes

{"title":"Stability and Synchronization of MMC-HVDC Systems Using SRF and Inertia-Based PLLs","authors":"Shuai Wang, Robin Preece, Mike Barnes","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70246","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are critical for synchronizing modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems with alternating current (AC) grids, yet their stability impacts remain underexplored. This study systematically compares the impacts of the synchronous reference frame-PLL (SRF-PLL) and the inertia PLL (IPLL) on small-signal stability and large-signal synchronization. A unified framework is adopted to enable unbiased comparison by aligning their bandwidths. A small-signal model, incorporating PLL dynamics, is developed, based on which PLL impacts are examined using impedance-based generalized Nyquist criteria. The analysis results show that system stability depends primarily on PLL bandwidth rather than structure. This reveals inherent limitations of PLL-based synchronization and motivates PLL-less designs for improving stability. To enhance large-signal synchronization, a phase correction pathway is introduced for the SRF-PLL. This approach improves synchronization while avoiding steady-state phase detection errors inherent to the IPLL. Finally, all results are verified by non-linear time-domain electromagnetic transient simulations in PSCAD. This work advances quantitative understanding of PLL characteristics and stability impacts in MMC-HVDC systems, providing motivation for adopting PLL-less system designs.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146162805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0