Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Improving protection reliability of series-compensated transmission lines by a fault detection method through an ML-based model","authors":"Hossein Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Sajjad Golshannavaz,&nbsp;Amin Yazdaninejadi,&nbsp;Edris Pouresmaeil","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article addresses the distance protection challenges associated with the series-compensated transmission lines and the impact of fault resistance by employing a machine-learning model. In the proposed model, stacked layers of bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) cells are fed by voltage and current signals to distinguish between different fault scenarios. This method takes advantage of only local bus measurements to prevent information leakage in communication channels. Moreover, to make the proposed method harmonics-robust and improve the correlation interpretation between the features for the Bi-LSTM model, the 3-phase raw measurement signals are passed through a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) which extracts their fundamental frequency component magnitudes and angles. Then, an extensive amount of fault scenarios including different compensation levels, fault resistances, and fault locations in normal and power-swing operational conditions are simulated to train the model. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed protection method in the series-compensated transmission lines, distinctive studies are also carried out based on electromagnetic transient simulations. The obtained results confirm the remarkable performance of the proposed method in discriminating fault types, faulty phases, internal or external faults, and normal or power-swing conditions of the power system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3452-3461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the optimal bid direction of a generation company using the gradient vector of the profit function in the network constraints of the electricity market","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahim Hajiabadi,&nbsp;Mahdi Samadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hassan Nikkhah,&nbsp;Hossein Lotfi,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the primary challenges faced by generation companies (GenCos), which operate multiple generation units within the electricity market, is the determination of the optimal bid price for these units to maximize profit. This paper proposes a novel approach to ascertain the optimal bid price direction for GenCos by leveraging the gradient vector of the profit function within the constraints of the electricity market. First, the Jacobian matrix of unit profits is computed using the electricity market structural decomposition method. This matrix highlights how the profit of generation units is affected by market input parameters, including the bid prices of the units. Then, the gradient vector of the GenCos' profit function and the optimal bid price direction are derived from the Jacobian matrix. The methodology is applied to a 24-bus IEEE network, with results validated against those from a simulation method to confirm the efficacy of the proposed approach. The simulation results show that the highest and lowest profit changes with a step increase of 0.1$/MWh are observed for GenCo 4 and GenCo 6 with values of 60.28 and 2.20 $/h, respectively. The proposed approach can be effective in the changes of bid direction of the units of a GenCo to achieve the highest possible profit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3339-3349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven transient stability-based approach for out-of-step prediction in power systems","authors":"Sirwan Shazdeh,&nbsp;Hêmin Golpîra,&nbsp;Hassan Bevrani","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13290","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a prediction-based algorithm designed to address out-of-step (OOS) conditions in power systems. The algorithm utilizes generator data obtained from phasor measurement units. The transient stability of a multi-machine power system is evaluated using the equal-area criterion (EAC). The proposed algorithm calculates the characteristics of the <i>P-δ</i> curves within the EAC framework after a large disturbance. The critical <i>P-δ</i> trace is determined by analysing the cumulative energy in the acceleration area following fault clearance. The stability margin of the rotor angle is then computed based on the actual active power and its relationship with the critical curve. The algorithm predicts the occurrence of OOS by comparing the measured active power with the corresponding value on the critical curve. Furthermore, a complementary strategy is proposed to predict the OOS condition in integrated inverter-based power systems. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulations conducted on the 73-bus IEEE test power system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3407-3423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving electric vehicle charging forecasting: A hybrid deep learning approach for probabilistic predictions","authors":"Ali Jamali Jahromi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Masoudi,&nbsp;Mohammad Mohammadi,&nbsp;Shahabodin Afrasiabi","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant attention recently. Despite their advantages, challenges in the power grid, such as providing necessary information for optimal operation, persist. High-precision forecasting techniques are essential to address the nonlinear and complex behavior of EV charging. A hybrid structure based on deep learning, called LSTLNet, has been proposed. LSTLNet combines convolutional neural networks (CNN), gated recurrent neural networks (GRU), attention mechanisms (AM), and automatic regression (AR) models. This combination improves the deterministic forecasting model and addresses the weaknesses of CNN and GRU. Deterministic prediction, which determines only one point of consumption charge, is prone to error. Therefore, probabilistic forecasting, represented as a probability distribution function (PDF) containing comprehensive statistical information, is preferred. A smooth band limit maximum likelihood (SBLM) estimator is used to indirectly predict the PDF from the data. Comparative results with conventional shallow and deep methods for similar time series forecasting demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method for both deterministic and probabilistic forecasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3303-3313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Power management of harmonic polluted active distribution network in the presence of integrated unit of electric spring and electric vehicles parking lot","authors":"Arash Rohani,&nbsp;Ali Nahavandi,&nbsp;Mahyar Abasi,&nbsp;Mahmood Joorabian","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Full reference of paper being corrected</p><p>The following corrections to this paper should be noted.</p><p>1) Please the following text adds to Section 1.2, last lines of second paragraph, before the statement of “Table 1 tabulates a summary of the literature published in this area.”:</p><p>Flexible energy management of an MG with RESs using EV parking lot equipped with ES is stated in [<span>20</span>]. This plan considers the minimization of the cost of purchasing MG's energy demand from the distribution network along with the maximization of EV parking profit in the flexibility market. In this plan, EVs with their active power control play a key role in adjusting the flexibility of the MG with RESs to compensate the power fluctuations of these resources in different scenarios. Also, they can impact network energy management with their active control. The ES in the parking lot and network is utilized to control the reactive power and voltage. This plan has expressed a nonlinear optimization model for power management of EVs equipped with ES. Then mathematical algorithms are adopted to solve the problem. The paper also states that the addition of an ES to the EVs parking can play a role in active and reactive power control and network voltage control, but its main maneuver is to improve the flexibility of the network by the combined system of EVs and ES. This issue could be done only with EVs and there is no need to use ESs. Also, ES is an electronic power converter that, if a suitable structure such as an IGBT bridge is used, in addition to power control, the harmonic current can be controlled at the same time, which results in improving the power quality of the network. However, this is not included in [<span>20</span>]. Also, the same paper includes the discussion of improving the state of network flexibility and operation. But, one of the features of using an ES is its ability to enhance the power quality of the distribution network, which is not presented in [<span>20</span>]. The authors also adopted a mathematical algorithm based on Lagrange model [<span>21</span>] to solve the nonlinear non-convex problem. This model is useful if the problem is convex. So, the adopted algorithm fails to extract a reliable solution, and this issue was not considered in [<span>20</span>].</p><p>2) Please update Table 1 as Follows:</p><p>3) Please consider the following papers as references [<span>20, 21</span>]:</p><p>[20] Norouzi, M., Aghaei, J.,Pirouzi, S.,Niknam, T., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M.: Flexibility pricing of integrated unit of electric spring and EVs parking in microgrids. Energy 239, 122080 (2022)</p><p>[21] Wood, A.J., Wollenberg, B.F.: Power Generation Operation and Control, 2nd edn, pp. 29–90. Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York (1996)</p><p>4) Please update reference number after reference [<span>19</span>].</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 22","pages":"3760-3762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of soil resistivity impacts on the electrodes of grounding system subjected to lightning strikes","authors":"Osama E. Gouda,&nbsp;Adel Z. El Dein,&nbsp;Sara Yassin,&nbsp;Matti Lehtonen,&nbsp;Mohamed M. F. Darwish","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, the study of the homogeneous resistivity and two-layer soil influences on the performance of the electrodes of grounding systems subjected to lightning strikes is carried out considering soil ionization. The study is done on the behaviour of the ground electrodes while the resistivity of the soil is altered from small to high value in the case of homogeneous soil, while the study is obtained on two-layer soils in the case of diverse values of the reflection factor. In the suggested algorithm for two-layer soils, each layer has its resistivity and dielectric constant, where the dielectric constant and soil resistivity depend on the lightning frequency. The field resulting from lightning strikes, which causes soil ionization, has been studied, and the results have been used to understand the behaviour of ground rods under the influence of lightning strikes. The credibility of the results has been strengthened by comparing it with what others have obtained recently. The article's novelty can be summarized in the investigation of the performance of the electrodes of grounding grids that are installed in high soil resistivity of uniform and two-layer soils containing the impacts of soil ionization, lightning frequency, soil resistivity, and permittivity variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3392-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy management of hybrid AC/DC microgrid considering incentive-based demand response program","authors":"Tung Trieu Duc,&nbsp;Anh Nguyen Tuan,&nbsp;Tuyen Nguyen Duc,&nbsp;Hirotaka Takano","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing the use of renewable energy in microgrids (MGs) offers environmental and economic benefits. However, the unpredictable and intermittent nature of available resources poses challenges for optimal MG scheduling. Hybrid AC–DC microgrids provide a solution, seamlessly integrating renewables while reducing energy losses and improving power grid reliability. Additionally, incentive-based demand response programs promote flexible energy consumption, further mitigating the variability of renewable generation and enhancing grid stability. This paper investigates the challenges and potential of high renewable penetration in hybrid AC–DC MGs, analysing the role of demand response programs in system optimization. The microgrid's energy management is modelled using MILP, while a Stackelberg game represents the demand response program. These models are integrated to optimize energy management and demand response jointly. Simulations demonstrate the cost-saving benefits of this integrated framework, achieved through coordinated flexible resource scheduling and incentive-based demand response programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3289-3302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and simulation of cloud-native-based edge computing terminals for power distribution","authors":"Junjie Zheng,&nbsp;Jing Qu,&nbsp;Zexiang Cai,&nbsp;Ying Xue,&nbsp;Xiaohua Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of cloud-native technology has significantly changed the architecture of applications and the mechanism for the collaborative operation of components in power distribution edge computing terminals (PDECT). To develop an effective quantitative analysis tool for PDECT performance, the composition and characteristics of cloud-native PDECT are studied, and the modelling and simulation of cloud-native PDECT are proposed. Subsequently, modelling is implemented through the simulation software CloudSim, achieving the simulation of microservices, containers, declarative configuration, and container orchestration with the consideration of power distribution scenarios. Then, by the proposed simulation scenario module, various elements of the power distribution scenarios can be self-defined. Finally, by demonstrating the principles and implementation mechanisms of the proposed modelling method and simulation tool, and comparing simulation results for different service time ranges, access devices, resource configurations of PDECT, request occurrence rates, and resource scheduling strategies, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modelling method and simulation tool are verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3365-3377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of dominant instability modes in power systems based on spatial-temporal feature mining and TSOA optimization","authors":"Miao Yu,&nbsp;Jianqun Sun,&nbsp;Shuoshuo Tian,&nbsp;Shouzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Wei,&nbsp;Yixiao Wu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recognition of the transient dominant instability mode is of great significance for rapidly and accurately formulating transient emergency decisions in power systems. In response to the challenge of accurately distinguishing between angle instability and voltage instability, which are coupled in actual power grids, this paper explores the mapping relationship between simulation data and the stable state of the system, as well as the dominant instability mode. The method enables real-time identification of the dominant instability mode, which bypasses complex physical mechanisms. Firstly, spatio-temporal feature mining is conducted, where convolutional neural networks are employed to learn crucial local features of transient curves, and bidirectional gated recurrent unit s utilized to learn transient features over time sequences. Next, a multihead attention mechanism is introduced to enhance sensitivity to important time steps in the sequence data. Finally, the transit search optimization algorithm optimizes the global model parameters, further increasing the accuracy of the model. Using the IEEE 10-machine and 39-node system as an example for simulation, the results validate that the proposed method exhibits significant advantages in terms of accuracy and applicability compared with other machine learning methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3424-3436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter identification of PV solar cells and modules using bio dynamics grasshopper optimization algorithm","authors":"Mostafa Jabari,&nbsp;Amin Rad,&nbsp;Morteza Azimi Nasab,&nbsp;Mohammad Zand,&nbsp;Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban,&nbsp;S. M. Muyeen,&nbsp;Josep M. Guerrero","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.13279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.13279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The escalating global population and energy demands underscore the critical role of renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, in mitigating environmental degradation caused by traditional fossil fuels. This paper emphasizes the advantages of solar energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) systems, which have become pivotal in hybrid energy systems. However, accurate modelling and identification of PV cell parameters pose challenges, prompting the adoption of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. This work explores the limitations of existing algorithms and introduces a novel approach, the bio-dynamics grasshopper optimization algorithm (BDGOA). The BDGOA addresses deficiencies in both exploration and exploitation phases, exhibiting exceptional convergence speed and efficiency. The algorithm's simplicity, achieved through the implementation of an elimination phase and controlled search space, enhances its performance without intricate calculations. The study evaluates the BDGOA by applying it to identify unknown parameters of five solar modules. The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated through the extraction of parameters for RTC France, PWP201, SM55, KC200GT, and SW255 models, validated against experimental data under diverse conditions. The paper concludes with insights into the impact of radiation and temperature on module parameters. The subsequent sections of the paper delve into the intricacies of the PV cell and module model, articulate the formulation of the proposed algorithm, present simulations, and analyse the obtained results. The BDGOA emerges as a promising solution, overcoming the limitations of existing algorithms and contributing significantly to the advancement of accurate and efficient PV cell parameter identification, thereby propelling progress towards a sustainable energy future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"18 21","pages":"3314-3338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.13279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}