Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献

{"title":"Probabilistic Pricing for Collaborative Demand-Side Management With Coordinated Operation of Energy Storage Systems for Optimal Peak Load Control in Smart Grids","authors":"Mohsen Masoumi-Anaraki,&nbsp;Rahmat-Allah Hooshmand,&nbsp;Yahya Kabiri-Renani","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peak load management is a pivotal aspect of power generation and distribution, representing one of the primary challenges for power companies. A key feature of smart grids is their capability to manage available resources effectively to mitigate peak load while accounting for the inherent uncertainties in load demand and the generation of all renewable energy sources. Thereby, this paper proposes a two-stage coordination approach that integrates price-based demand response (PBDR) and energy storage systems, encompassing Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). This approach integrates CAES with BESSs to optimise the charging and discharging processes while minimising degradation costs. Specifically, it aims to address the substantial degradation expenses of BESSs by strategically utilising CAES as a complementary storage solution. The objective is to minimise operational costs while controlling peak demand load in smart microgrids. Moreover, to simultaneously address the inherent uncertainties associated with the demanded load and the generating power of renewable energy sources, a method incorporating scenario generation and reduction is introduced to improve scheduling accuracy and enhance the reliability of energy management. To tackle this multifaceted challenge, a novel scenario-based Developed Two-Stage Interval Optimisation (DTSIO) model has been proposed to effectively address uncertainty. By employing the scenario generation method in conjunction with the k-means technique to reduce scenarios with low probabilities of occurrence, the analysis process is optimised for better problem-solving efficiency. The proposed model's efficacy is validated through its implementation on a 33 and 69 bus microgrid, showcasing its ability to enhance profitability, manage peak load, reduce reliance on the upstream grid, and lower carbon dioxide emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Management of Microgrids: An MPC-Based Techno-Economic Optimisation for RES Integration and ESS Utilisation","authors":"Sina Roudnil,&nbsp;Saeid Ghassem Zadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Feyzi,&nbsp;Amir Aminzadeh Ghavifekr","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid growth in electricity demand poses significant challenges to power systems that require efficient energy management frameworks. This paper proposes a real-time energy management framework for DC residential microgrids based on model predictive control (MPC) and a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimisation approach. Unlike conventional methods relying on static datasets, the proposed framework integrates real-time optimisation and predictive data derived from microgrid simulations, which enhances adaptability, scalability and operational efficiency. A demand response (DR) programme for residential loads further reduces reliance on the upstream grid during peak hours. The performance of the framework is validated across multiple scenarios, like increased demand and fluctuations in renewable energy and demand. Results indicate significant economic benefits through optimised power exchange with the upstream grid, achieving cost reductions of 21.05%, 18.36% and 16.59% under real-time, three-tariff and fixed tariffs, respectively, compared to conventional MPC methods. Moreover, it minimises state of charge (SoC) changes to a maximum of 17.4%, significantly reducing energy storage depreciation and extending longevity as technical performance. These findings demonstrate the framework's ability to adapt dynamically to operational changes, optimise power exchanges and achieve technical and economic goals, making it a scalable solution for real-time residential microgrid energy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Area System Frequency Response Modelling Considering VSG-Based Energy Storage","authors":"Ping He,&nbsp;Lingshuai Kong,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Congshan Li,&nbsp;Zhao Li,&nbsp;Zhangjie Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, power systems face challenges in frequency stability due to reduced inertia and uneven frequency regulation capability. This paper proposes an extended system frequency response (SFR) model incorporating virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control with energy storage systems (VSG-SFR model) to improve frequency dynamics. A regional VSG-SFR model is further developed for multi-area systems with non-uniform inertia distribution. Small-signal and frequency-domain analyses are performed, followed by extensive validation via time-domain simulations under various scenarios. Results show that the proposed models closely match detailed simulations, accurately reflect frequency response characteristics, and effectively improve frequency nadir and RoCoF in high renewable environments. Furthermore, the models offer a unified framework for assessing coordinated operation and provide practical insights for optimizing energy storage and enhancing grid resilience in renewable-dominant scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linearized Optimization for Enhanced Aggregate Modeling of Invisible Hybrid Distributed Energy Resources","authors":"Pedro N. Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Fernanda C. L. Trindade,&nbsp;Bala Venkatesh","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs)—including photovoltaics, wind turbines, and battery energy storage systems—poses challenges for modern power distribution systems, particularly in scenarios with high penetration of DERs outside the monitoring capabilities of distribution utilities. Addressing invisible DERs in operational planning studies requires innovative modeling methodologies, often involving aggregated models. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to locate and size aggregate hybrid DER models in radial distribution systems by minimizing residuals in the estimates of existing field measurements. These equivalent models grasp the collective effect of many invisible DERs and enable the reconstruction of unobserved bus voltages and branch flows, enhancing system visibility. Case studies demonstrate average errors below 5% for the estimation of unobserved branch flows with limited voltage magnitude measurements. OpenDSS is employed to showcase the computational efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, also under unbalanced system loading conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Psychological Motivation and Adversarial Resilience in Microgrid Operations: A Tri-Level Robust Optimization Approach","authors":"Yanjia Wang,&nbsp;Alexis Pengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Da Xie,&nbsp;Mohannad Alhazmi,&nbsp;Chenghong Gu,&nbsp;Wanzi Li,&nbsp;Xitian Wang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing complexity of modern microgrid operations, driven by high renewable energy integration and growing prosumer participation, demands innovative optimization approaches. This paper proposes a novel behaviorally informed tri-level optimization framework that integrates goal-setting theory (GST) with distributionally robust optimization (DRO) and reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance prosumer engagement, system efficiency, and adversarial resilience. The upper level employs GST to motivate prosumers with structured energy-saving and trading goals, the middle level optimizes cost, emissions, and resource allocation, while the lower level ensures robustness against adversarial uncertainties using Wasserstein-based DRO. A multi-agent RL approach is incorporated for adaptive decision-making under uncertainty. Extensive simulations on a community-scale microgrid reveal a 25% cost reduction, 30% increase in prosumer engagement, and improved resilience against adversarial scenarios. This research bridges behavioral psychology and energy optimization, introducing a human-centric paradigm that improves microgrid sustainability, participation, and robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast and Reliable Detection of Synchronous Generator Loss of Excitation Using Rotor Speed Variation","authors":"Saman Soleymani,&nbsp;Yousef Alinejad-Beromi","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Loss of excitation (LOE) is one of the most critical faults in synchronous generators, which, if not detected promptly, can lead to power system instability and severe damage to the generator. The main challenge in distinguishing LOE from stable power swings (SPS) lies in the time delay, which is a common issue in most recent protection methods. This paper presents a novel method for LOE detection in synchronous generators. The method utilizes a new criterion based on the variation of the generator rotor speed, where this criterion increases above one per unit after the occurrence of LOE and remains in this state. Unlike traditional methods that require complex settings, this approach operates without the need for threshold adjustments, ensuring accurate and fast performance under various conditions. In the simulations, generators of various sizes were subjected to various loads and network scenarios. The results of the simulations, which were carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, verify that the suggested approach not only diminishes the detection time but also preserves high accuracy when system disturbances occur, protecting system stability under severe conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Series Forecasting of Natural Inflow in Hydroelectric Power Plants Using Hyper-Tuned Temporal Fusion Transformer With Hodrick–Prescott Filter","authors":"Rafael Ninno Muniz,&nbsp;William Gouvêa Buratto,&nbsp;Ademir Nied,&nbsp;Rodolfo Cardoso,&nbsp;Erlon Cristian Finardi,&nbsp;Gabriel Villarrubia Gonzalez","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The scheduling of the operation of the electricity system in Brazil is based on multi-criteria optimization that takes into account the forecast of the level of the dams of the hydroelectric plants, this variation is evaluated by the soil moisture active passive model. Considering the advances in using deep learning to forecast time series variations, this paper proposes a hybrid method for forecasting dam level variations. In particular, the temporal fusion transformer (TFT) is used for prediction with the Hodrick–Prescott filter for denoising. To enhance the model's performance, its hyperparameters are optimized by the Optuna framework based on the tree-structured Parzen estimator. For benchmarking, the multilayer perceptron, long short-term memory, recurrent neural network (RNN), Dilated RNN, temporal convolutional neural, neural hierarchical interpolation for time series forecasting, deep non-parametric time series forecaster, and the standard TFT are considered. The results show that the proposed model can make predictions with high performance compared to other methods, being 29.12% better than the second-best model, and 59.22% better than the original TFT model for very short-term forecasting, making it a promising alternative to be used as additional information for planning the operation of the electrical power system.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Transient Characteristics of Asymmetric Fault Current in Offshore Wind Power System Based on Positive and Negative Sequence Decoupling Control","authors":"Botong Li,&nbsp;Guanghui Zheng,&nbsp;Qing Zhong,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To elucidate the impact mechanism of positive- and negative-sequence decomposition on fault currents in offshore wind AC systems during asymmetrical faults, this study proposes a time-domain method for calculating transient negative-sequence currents. Considering the influence of DSOGI-PLL-based sequence decomposition, the control equation for the negative-sequence transient circuit is derived in the <i>dq</i>-axis coordinate system. The relationship between the negative-sequence component of the grid-side converter (GSC) output voltage modulation signal and the negative-sequence component of the GSC terminal output voltage is analysed, revealing how this discrepancy affects the transient characteristics of the fault negative-sequence current. By integrating the circuit equations in the <i>dq</i>-axis coordinate system, the negative-sequence current control equation, and the relationship between GSC output voltage and modulation voltage, a second-order variable-coefficient differential equation is formulated, constituting the time-domain calculation model for transient negative-sequence current under asymmetrical faults. This model accurately reflects the influence of sequence decomposition and negative-sequence current control on fault currents. Simulation results demonstrate that the model effectively captures transient characteristics such as overshoot and attenuation in the negative-sequence fault current of wind farms under asymmetrical faults, with a steady-state error of less than 3%, providing a theoretical basis for protection scheme development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Aggregation of Multiple Flexible Resources in Virtual Power Plants to Meet Diverse Frequency Control Requirements","authors":"Xianliang Teng,&nbsp;Tao Zheng,&nbsp;Jing Cao,&nbsp;Yulong Jin,&nbsp;Qianlian Mo,&nbsp;Zhetong Ding,&nbsp;Ying Wang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To fulfill the frequency control requirements of the power system, virtual power plants (VPPs) need to aggregate and coordinate a large number of flexible resources. Traditional static aggregation methods, which fixed the composition and coordination strategy of flexible resources, face significant challenges with the diverse frequency control requirements. To address this issue, this paper proposes a dynamic aggregation of multiple flexible resources in VPPs to meet the evolving performance requirements of frequency control. First, a dynamic K-medoids clustering method is applied to reduce the dimension of large-scale resources, thereby reducing the complexity and difficulty of controlling a large number of resources. Then, considering that the intra-hour performance requirements of the frequency control as well as the resource pool of the VPPs are usually minor changing, this paper proposes a two-stage optimization model based on submodular optimization theory for dynamical aggregation, which enables rapid selection and allocation of flexible resources in VPPs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the IEEE 10-generator 39-bus system with 10,000 flexible resources. The results show that compared to existing techniques, the proposed method enhances the flexibility of large-scale resource aggregation and reduces the calculation time by almost 22 times while guaranteeing the aggregation performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Probabilistic Breaker Malfunction Model to Account for Uncertainty in the Network Restoration Process","authors":"Mahdi Arabsadegh,&nbsp;Aref Doroudi","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to changes in weather conditions, severe natural disasters with widespread and profound impacts seriously threaten power grids, necessitating an increase in resilience through an intelligent and rapid network recovery approach following such incidents. The subject of this paper focuses on the probability of breakers malfunction (PBM) after receiving a close command in the phase of grid restoration, assessing the system's resilience from this perspective. Financial and human resource limitations on repair teams have necessitated proactive repair methods for prioritized circuit breakers with a resilience-enhancing approach. In this paper, based on the breakers monitored data, especially the waveform of their closing coil current and the relevant healthy index, an optimization problem is formulated. The non-sequential Monte Carlo probabilistic technique has been then utilized to solve the problem and evaluate the role of breakers' failure action in the supplied network load during the restoration phase. Circuit breakers are divided into different groups based on the breaker's malfunction to examine their impact on the supplied load fully. The method demonstrates that achieving a highly resilient power grid requires considering not only the health condition of the breakers but also their location in the network. Based on the simulation results, a novel approach is proposed to provide the maintenance priority ranking list of network breakers, aiming to increase system resilience against hazardous events.</p>","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}