A Novel Approach for Real-Time Detection of Active Power Flow Direction in Single-Phase Power Systems

As the integration of renewable energy into power grids, accurately determining the direction of active power flow has become a crucial aspect of grid management. This paper proposes a novel method for detecting the direction of active power flow in single-phase power systems with fast dynamic response and high precision. An algebraic relationship between the power factor, grid voltage, and current is derived through a trigonometric transformation. Then, an adaptive estimator is proposed to estimate both the power factor and the active power flow direction. A Lyapunov-based argument is introduced to demonstrate the accuracy of the estimated power factor and flow direction. Comprehensive experimental results validate the proposed method, emphasising its response time and accuracy in practical applications.