Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution最新文献_第8页

Stability Evaluation and Frequency Drift Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Grid-Connected PMSG Wind Turbines 并网PMSG风力发电机组次同步振荡稳定性评价及频率漂移分析

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70100

Gangui Yan, Cheng Yang, Yupeng Wang, Lin Yue, Fu Guo

{"title":"Stability Evaluation and Frequency Drift Analysis of Sub-Synchronous Oscillation in Grid-Connected PMSG Wind Turbines","authors":"Gangui Yan, Cheng Yang, Yupeng Wang, Lin Yue, Fu Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70100","url":null,"abstract":"The sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) in grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) is a complex dynamic behaviour influenced by multiple factors. The phenomenon of SSO has the characteristic of frequency drift. Previous studies have mainly focused on the SSO stability, without further explanation of the reasons for frequency drift in SSO. In this paper, a SISO transfer function model is constructed to analyse the SSO characteristics of grid-connected PMSG. The study quantitatively analyses the impacts of grid strength, operating conditions and voltage/current control parameters on system stability and oscillation frequency based on amplitude/phase margin. It reveals the triggering mechanism of SSO instability in weak grid strength and characterises the constraining relationship between grid strength/operating conditions and the stable operational region of the system. The results demonstrate that variations in SSO frequency are predominantly influenced by control parameter settings, with a measurable variation range of up to 26.7 Hz. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and the theoretical analysis results are verified through simulations.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Data-Model Hybrid Driven Optimal Voltage Control for AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network 交直流混合配电网数据模型混合驱动最优电压控制

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70101

Xiaoxing Lu, Xiaolong Xiao, Chenyu Zhang, Ning Guo, Fan Wu, Jiahao Guo

{"title":"Data-Model Hybrid Driven Optimal Voltage Control for AC/DC Hybrid Distribution Network","authors":"Xiaoxing Lu, Xiaolong Xiao, Chenyu Zhang, Ning Guo, Fan Wu, Jiahao Guo","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70101","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of distributed new energy and power electronics technology, the AC/DC hybrid distribution networks (AD-HDN) have gradually become an important form of distribution networks in the future and have attracted widespread attention. The high proportion of distributed new energy resource represented by distributed photovoltaic (PV) brings great challenges to the safe and effective operation of AD-HDN. Meanwhile, the randomness and fluctuation of PVs’ power output put forward higher requirements for the global coordination and dynamic response of the voltage control strategy in AD-HDN. This paper proposes a data-model hybrid-driven optimal voltage control (DMHD-OVC) method with integration of droop control and deep reinforcement learning for AD-HDN. First, parameters adjustable Q–V and P–V droop control model are established. Then, an optimal voltage control model is constructed with the aim of minimizing power losses. After that, deep reinforcement learning is employed to optimize the controllable parameters, so as to realize the online optimal voltage control for AD-HDN. Finally, numerical simulations based on a modified IEEE 33 AC/DC hybrid test system are conducted to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Collection Scheme of Private Data When Using Blockchain to Estimate Baseline Load in Demand Response 需求响应中使用区块链估计基线负荷时私有数据的最优收集方案

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70102

Wenke Zhou, Kaifeng Zhang, Yaping Li, Wenbo Mao, Shengchun Yang, Wenlu Ji

{"title":"Optimal Collection Scheme of Private Data When Using Blockchain to Estimate Baseline Load in Demand Response","authors":"Wenke Zhou, Kaifeng Zhang, Yaping Li, Wenbo Mao, Shengchun Yang, Wenlu Ji","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70102","url":null,"abstract":"When estimating baseline load in demand response (DR), the accuracy of the results can be greatly improved if private data of resource owners are available. However, this may bring the risk of privacy leakage. Therefore, mainstream approaches advocate against using private data for baseline load estimation. To this end, this paper proposes a blockchain-based baseline load estimation and supervision framework, making it possible to use private data for baseline load estimation. Then, three principles for private data collection are established by analyzing the problems caused by collecting excessive or insufficient data, that is, first, the data collected should help calculate the baseline load effectively. Second, the data collected should ensure that the cost of data falsification by resource owners is significantly higher than the rewards they would gain in DR. Third, the rewards should far exceed the costs resource owners pay for data collection, transmission, and storage. Furthermore, this paper converts the problem of finding an optimal data collection scheme into an optimization model. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with nonlinear inertia weight is then used to solve this problem, determining the optimal types and frequencies of data collection. Finally, this paper analyzes a case study where a shopping mall participates in DR, and points out the optimal collection types and frequencies of private data for such a scenario. The proposed model also shows effectiveness and robustness through sensitivity analysis and robustness test.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Hybrid Single-Ended Fault Detection and Classification Scheme in a Double-Circuit Transmission Line 双回传输线混合单端故障检测与分类方案

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70095

Ehsan Akbari, Milad Samady Shadlu

{"title":"A Hybrid Single-Ended Fault Detection and Classification Scheme in a Double-Circuit Transmission Line","authors":"Ehsan Akbari, Milad Samady Shadlu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70095","url":null,"abstract":"A six-phase, double-circuit transmission system consists of two independent three-phase circuits powered by a common bus. The increase in the number of phases introduces a variety of faults, including both intra-circuit and inter-circuit faults, which can complicate fault detection and classification algorithms. Accurate identification and classification of these faults are essential for interrupting fault propagation and enabling rapid system restoration. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm that employs signal processing techniques based on mathematical transformations to detect faults, identify the faulty circuit, and classify the fault type. The algorithm operates by sampling the currents from a single terminal and includes zero-sequence current analysis to differentiate between ground and non-ground faults. Given that the threshold values for fault classification vary across different scenarios, a simple model is proposed to determine these thresholds dynamically. The proposed model is simulated on a standard double-circuit transmission system within the MATLAB/Simulink software environment, and its performance is evaluated under various fault scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the model's capability to accurately detect and classify fault types in the test system. Notably, the objectives of fault detection and classification are achieved with 100% accuracy across all fault scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UAV-Assisted Fault Location Coordinated Strategy for Resilient Distribution Systems 无人机辅助的弹性配电系统故障定位协调策略

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70097

Haochen Zhang, Chen Chen, Jian Zhong, Zhaohong Bie, Guowei Liu

{"title":"UAV-Assisted Fault Location Coordinated Strategy for Resilient Distribution Systems","authors":"Haochen Zhang, Chen Chen, Jian Zhong, Zhaohong Bie, Guowei Liu","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70097","url":null,"abstract":"The orderly and rapid restoration of the distribution system (DS) after disasters depends on the accuracy and reliability of fault location. Disasters may also damage the communication infrastructure, resulting in untimely reporting of fault information detected by remote fault indicators (RFIs). In this paper, we propose an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted coordination strategy for status collection and fault location in distribution systems. The strategy utilizes the RFIs’ fault status indication information collected by UAVs in the communication fault area for fault location. A co-optimization model for information acquisition and fault location is established, taking into account the probability of possible fault scenarios, the total amount of status information collected, and the working time of UAVs for multiple objectives. The model is transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) problem form using logarithmic transformations and linear relaxation methods. By iteratively solving and adding cut constraints, the fault section location and UAV dispatching decision can be determined, and RFI abnormalities can be identified. This strategy effectively harnesses the potential of UAVs for fault location in post-disaster scenarios within DS, offers valuable insights for post-disaster information collection and fault location, and enhances the situational awareness capabilities of DS following extreme events.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generic Transformer Modelling Approach for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Three-Phase Transformers and Transformer Banks 对称和不对称三相变压器及变压器组的通用变压器建模方法

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70078

Laura Fiedler, Maximilian Schmidt, Peter Schegner

{"title":"Generic Transformer Modelling Approach for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Three-Phase Transformers and Transformer Banks","authors":"Laura Fiedler, Maximilian Schmidt, Peter Schegner","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70078","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the continuous integration of power-intensive consumers and producers into low-voltage networks, appropriate equipment models are increasingly important, especially for the calculation of the three-phase network state. Therefore, this paper proposes a generic modelling approach for three-phase two-winding transformers and transformer banks in phase-coordinates. Both asymmetrical and symmetrical transformers of both types can be represented. The different modelling options and the underlying data are comprehensively presented. A large variety of vector groups and neutral point treatments are supported. This paper not only presents the generic modelling approach but also introduces a new methodology for taking into account the asymmetry of three-phase transformers, which is characterised by a particularly low amount of data required. While many transformer models neglect the asymmetrical structure of transformers or require detailed construction data on core and winding geometry, the presented methodology uses only few core geometry ratios. If these data are not available, they can be estimated if necessary or suggested substitutes can be used. For all transformer types, the resulting 6x6, 7x7 or 8x8 matrix can be seamlessly incorporated into the network nodal admittance matrix. The model was validated by comparison with calculation results from established power system calculation programs and measurement results.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Adaptive Current Differential Protection for Wind Farms Based on Cosine Compensation Coefficient 基于余弦补偿系数的风电场自适应电流差动保护

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70098

Yifan Li, Bing Hou, Jiashuo Lv, Zebang Yang

{"title":"A Novel Adaptive Current Differential Protection for Wind Farms Based on Cosine Compensation Coefficient","authors":"Yifan Li, Bing Hou, Jiashuo Lv, Zebang Yang","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70098","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) into wind farms presents significant challenges to current differential protection (CDP). In this study, an adaptive CDP principle for wind farms is proposed. By introducing the virtual restraint current, the restraint current is significantly reduced under low-resistance faults. Additionally, a boundary model is constructed based on the complex relationship of current phasors. On this basis, the cosine compensation coefficient is formulated solely using the amplitudes and phases of the two-terminal currents, which further enhances the ability to identify high-resistance faults. The principle can also lock the restraint coefficient according to the current amplitude, thereby reducing false trips. Finally, the performance of the scheme is demonstrated by Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL). Test results indicate that the proposed principle identifies faults more reliably and rapidly than the conventional CDP. The proposed principle is novel and feasible both in theory and practical applications.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decentralized Energy Hub Management in Networked Microgrids With Bi-Directional Energy Trading: An RO-IGDT Approach 基于双向能源交易的网络化微电网分散式能源枢纽管理：一种RO-IGDT方法

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70085

Meisam Moradi, Asghar Akbari Foroud

{"title":"Decentralized Energy Hub Management in Networked Microgrids With Bi-Directional Energy Trading: An RO-IGDT Approach","authors":"Meisam Moradi, Asghar Akbari Foroud","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70085","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of technologies in combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) systems has significantly driven the development of energy hubs (EHs), offering an efficient platform to integrate diverse energy carriers. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for interconnected energy hubs within networked microgrids (NMGs), aiming to improve the efficiency of multi-carrier energy systems through optimal coordination among the involved entities. In the proposed model, both microgrids and the distribution network are treated as autonomous agents, each managing its own local scheduling challenges. To achieve seamless coordination between these entities, a distributed approach based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is utilised to mitigate power exchange conflicts between multiple microgrids and the distribution network. Additionally, energy systems often operate under uncertain conditions due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and their interactions with the electricity market. To address these uncertainties, this study introduces a novel decentralised optimisation framework that integrates robust optimization (RO) with information gap decision theory (IGDT). The proposed model is evaluated on multi-carrier energy systems within networked microgrids, and the results demonstrate its low computational complexity and guaranteed convergence of the distributed algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coordinated Scheduling Strategy for Source-Grid-Load-Storage Integrated System Considering Frequency Dynamic Security Constraint in a 100% Renewable Energy Scenario 100%可再生能源情况下考虑频率动态安全约束的源-网-蓄一体化系统协调调度策略

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70096

Chenming Song, Jiequan Wu, Haichao Yang, Dongmei Zhao, Jiabei Wan, Junhui Bai

{"title":"Coordinated Scheduling Strategy for Source-Grid-Load-Storage Integrated System Considering Frequency Dynamic Security Constraint in a 100% Renewable Energy Scenario","authors":"Chenming Song, Jiequan Wu, Haichao Yang, Dongmei Zhao, Jiabei Wan, Junhui Bai","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70096","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a novel source-grid-load-storage integrated system in urban industrial zones abundant in new energy is a crucial approach for achieving energy self-management and efficient utilisation. However, in a 100% renewable energy scenario, the system lacks synchronous inertia support, facing dual challenges of frequency stability and the uncertainty of renewable energy output. To address the above issues, this paper proposes an innovative robust optimisation model for multi-type resource coordination and scheduling, considering both frequency dynamic security and the uncertainty of renewable energy output. The model integrates the frequency support capability of grid-forming (GFM) renewable stations, the suppression effect on renewable energy output and tie-line power fluctuations of a hybrid energy storage station consisting of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES), as well as a flexible load demand response mechanism (DR). A case study conducted in an industrial zone of a city in China validated the effectiveness of the proposed scheduling strategy. It also demonstrates that the solution method effectively mitigates the underestimation of tail risks and ensures the rationality of the frequency security constraint linearisation method.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysing Impact of Network Settings on the Feasible Operation Region of Urban and Rural Distribution Networks 网络设置对城乡配电网可行运行区域的影响分析

IF 2.6 4区工程技术

Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1049/gtd2.70091

Abijith Ajaikumar, Akhtar Hussain Javed, Phuong H. Nguyen, Johan Morren, J. G. (Han) Slootweg

{"title":"Analysing Impact of Network Settings on the Feasible Operation Region of Urban and Rural Distribution Networks","authors":"Abijith Ajaikumar, Akhtar Hussain Javed, Phuong H. Nguyen, Johan Morren, J. G. (Han) Slootweg","doi":"10.1049/gtd2.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1049/gtd2.70091","url":null,"abstract":"The flexibility of the active distribution network (ADN) could be used to provide ancillary services to the transmission system operator. The feasible operation region (FOR) is a tool that aggregates the flexibility of the network by combining all interconnection power flows (IPFs) at TSO-DSO interface and could be used to validate flexibility offers that would not violate any network constraints. Several elements impact the size and shape of the FOR, such as network constraints, network settings and capability of the flexibility providing units (FPUs). The network settings consist of transformer tap positions and network reconfiguration. This paper, analyses how network settings can influence the size and shape of the FOR for the ADNs. Typical urban and rural distribution networks are used for case studies to analyse the impact of change in network setting to the FOR of the given network. Moreover, to aid network operators in decision-making, an algorithm has been devised to find out which network settings would result in the biggest and smallest FOR. As a result, the network settings can be ranked according to the size of the FOR obtained. This ranking can act as a decision tool to exploit the flexibility available in the ADNs. With this information on the network settings, the network operators can make informed decisions about the use of flexibility.","PeriodicalId":13261,"journal":{"name":"Iet Generation Transmission & Distribution","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/gtd2.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0