Boya Zhang;Haifei Tao;Yixuan Li;Xingwen Li;Zhenle Nan;Wei Luo;Yao Zheng;Guoli Wang
{"title":"Insulation Structure Design for ±550-kV DC GIS Based on Multiobjective Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Boya Zhang;Haifei Tao;Yixuan Li;Xingwen Li;Zhenle Nan;Wei Luo;Yao Zheng;Guoli Wang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3527915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3527915","url":null,"abstract":"In high-voltage direct current gas-insulated switchgear (HVdc GIS), the problem of surface charge accumulation on insulators has garnered significant attention, limiting the development of dc GIS at high voltage levels. This study proposes an insulation structure optimization method based on a multiobjective optimization method to balance the tangential and normal electric fields on the insulator surface and mitigate local electric stress, achieving efficient and precise GIS insulation structure design. The optimization objectives include the tangential electric field and surface charge density. The study utilizes nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimal structure for the conical insulator and shield of ±550-kV dc GIS. In addition, the study investigates the impact of gap distance on the surface charge and electric field distribution of the insulator. Ultimately, following insulation optimization design criteria, the study achieves the optimal structure and gap distance for ±550-kV GIS, providing crucial insights for the insulation design of HVdc GIS.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"1064-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia P. Mavidou;David Clark;Michail Michelarakis;Christopher Stone;A. Manu Haddad
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Aeronautical Cables in Semi-Coaxial Geometries: A Novel Test Approach","authors":"Sofia P. Mavidou;David Clark;Michail Michelarakis;Christopher Stone;A. Manu Haddad","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526091","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the partial discharge (PD) performance of aircraft cables using a specially designed test electrode. Electrode positioning was precisely controlled within an atmospheric chamber to replicate coaxial geometries. Long-exposure imaging reveals useful insights that enhance our understanding of PD behavior at varying atmospheric pressure. The research compares the experimental data with existing mathematical models based on the Paschen and Halleck equations revealing notable inconsistencies, particularly at higher pressures. This work contributes valuable insights into the complexities of PD phenomena in aircraft cables and proposes a new model by enhancing an existing predictive model and incorporating the influence of an insulation barrier.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dielectric, Mechanical, and Breakdown Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Under Different Thermal Aging Conditions","authors":"Boxue Du;Yongping Hou;Xiaoxiao Kong;Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3527431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3527431","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of thermal aging on the liquid silicone rubber (LSR) used for dry-type transformers, various LSR samples are aged at different temperatures of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$225~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$250~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$275~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$300~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, with different aging times of 24, 48, 96, 336, and 504 h. The experimental results show that the aging process of LSR can be roughly divided into two stages depending on the result of competition between crosslinking reaction and fracture reaction, as evidenced by the FTIR. In the early stage, dc conductivity and integral charge Q(t) decrease, while the breakdown strength increases with the aging time increases, which are attributed to the more compact network structure caused by crosslinking reaction. The later stage is dominated by facture reaction with the deepening of thermal aging. Dielectric properties begin to show a decreasing trend. The breakdown strength could be reduced by 16.5% at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$300~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C with 504 h. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the tensile strength and the elongation at break are decreased by 73.2% and 85.2% after 504 h thermal aging at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$504~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, respectively. Dielectric spectra are investigated under different aging conditions, and differential processing is performed to distinguish the different aging state of the LSR. The results show that the loss peak shifts toward the low frequency as the aging degrees increase. This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application of LSR for dry-type transformers.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Gap Between Electrode and Ceramic on Breakdown Voltage Under Atmospheric Conditions","authors":"Ao Xu;Lin Yang;Yuanjie Shi","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526567","url":null,"abstract":"Surface flashover characteristics under atmospheric conditions are very important for the performance of devices. However, after the metal–ceramic–metal structure is assembled, there may be a gap between the metal electrode and the ceramic, which will affect the withstand voltage performance. In order to study this situation, metal–ceramic–metal structures with electrode spacing of 0.5–2.5 mm in the atmosphere are studied in this article, the influence of a 0.2-mm gap between the electrode and the ceramic is analyzed by measuring the breakdown voltage and diagnosing the luminescence of the breakdown process; then, the simulation model is established by using a particle-in-cell-coupled Monte Carlo collision (PIC-MCC) code, the density distributions of electrons and ions during the breakdown process are presented, and the influence of electric field on electrons motion is analyzed. Finally, the influence of different surface distances on breakdown voltage is explained. This provides support for further improving the withstand voltage performance of devices.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"975-982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AC Pollution Flashover Characteristics on Patterned Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Surface","authors":"Bo Tao;Li Cheng;Shuo Zhang;Wenlong Xu;Ruijin Liao","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526082","url":null,"abstract":"Applying room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) coating on the surfaces of glass and ceramic insulators is a widely employed strategy for antipollution flashover. RTV coating peeling off is the most prominent problem during operation. This study designs an RTV infused regular circular indentations embedded coating structure (ECS). This structure enhances the coating’s adhesion per unit area, thereby reducing the probability of peeling off. To investigate the feasibility of ECS application in outdoor insulation, this article conducts comprehensive hydrophobicity tests and artificial pollution tests. The findings reveal that the polluted ECS exhibits overall hydrophobicity, and its antipollution performance is 4.5% higher than that of RTV. Furthermore, this article discusses the ECS’s pollution flashover mechanism. In the initial stage, according to the FEA model of ECS’s pollution layer, the nonuniform electrical stress and current density are the reasons why ECS forms multiple dry bands. Meanwhile, multiple dry bands induce multiarcs properties similar to those of RTV surfaces. For the arc development stage, this article proposes a model for multiarcs development applicable to hydrophobic surfaces. Calculation results show that the minimum current required for ECS’s nearby arcs merging is 3.5% higher than that of RTV. Hence, the probability of developing from multiarcs to the complete flashover is lower. In summary, ECS holds the potential to become a new insulator structure, offering a long-term solution to pollution flashover issues.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"649-657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking Shallow and Deep Learnings for Transformer Dissolved Gas Analysis: A Review","authors":"Hong Cai Chen;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526080","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) of power transformers has attracted attention for years. Extensive machine learning techniques have been adopted to DGA for fault classification. Recently, deep learning (DL) techniques have been brought to deal with DGA issues, while their performances are not significantly improved compared to shallow learning (SL) algorithms. For a comprehensive investigation, this article tests popular SL algorithms and reports DL algorithms on four different DGA datasets. The results show that SL algorithms have efficient capacity for DGA analysis, while DL algorithms may not as great as they expect. In addition of complex structure and numerous parameters to tune, DL algorithms may even perform worse than SL algorithms. This work can be a reference for future DGA algorithm development.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqing Xie;She Chen;Fangwei Liang;Xianhao Fan;Feng Wang;Lipeng Zhong;Qiuqin Sun
{"title":"Electric Field Regulation of Post Insulators Based on Local SiC Doping","authors":"Xiaoqing Xie;She Chen;Fangwei Liang;Xianhao Fan;Feng Wang;Lipeng Zhong;Qiuqin Sun","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3526089","url":null,"abstract":"Electric field in the leg area of gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) tri-post insulators is relatively high, which results in epoxy (EP) being susceptible to aging. The operation life of insulators is shortened. This article aims to optimize the scheme of local SiC doping to improve the insulation reliability of post insulators. The dc electric field calculation model for SiC doping in the local area of insulators is constructed. The regulation of the concentration, thickness, and center height of the transition zone between different materials on the electric field is studied. The findings suggest that there is a polarity reversal phenomenon in the surface charge of the transition zone after SiC doping. Besides, the negative peak of the surface charge density increases with doping concentration. As the thickness rises to 9 mm, the tangential electric field distribution of the transition zone becomes more homogeneous. Furthermore, the surface charge density displays a conspicuous negative peak precisely at the center of the transition zone, which varies depending on the height of the transition zone. When the center height of the transition zone is 45 mm, the maximum of the normal electric field on the grounded electrode is only −1.3 kV/mm. This can effectively avoid material aging. Thus, the transition zone formed by local doping SiC can efficiently regulate the electric field distribution, which provides a novel approach for the structural optimization of tri-post insulators.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"1138-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Precise Operational Characteristics of Cable Accessories Considering Mechanical Stretching","authors":"Hao Hu;Xiaodong Li;Weinan Fan;Yunxiao Zhang;Yuhao Liu;Zhidong Jia","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3524980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3524980","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical property parameters are crucial elements in the design of cable accessories, emphasizing the significance of precisely understanding their operational characteristics. This study investigates the variations in the electrical properties of silicone rubber (SR) insulation under mechanical stretching. The distribution characteristics of relative permittivity and ac breakdown strength are determined based on the mechanical stretching state. Furthermore, the electric field strength and safety margin are calculated to assess the operational capability of cable accessories. Comparatively, the mechanical stretching effects lead to increased electric field strength and breakdown strength, ultimately enhancing the safety margins of cable accessories, with a noticeable impact as the stretching degree increases. These findings suggest that the cable accessories exhibit a higher safety level than initially anticipated and that mechanical stretching should be thoroughly considered in their design.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"1246-1249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 31","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3525236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3525236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"31 6","pages":"3509-3592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10820038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of PDC Testing for Medium-Voltage XLPE Cable Joint Water Ingress Detection","authors":"Changyou Suo;Hongyan Cao;Wenkwang Chern;Amer Ghias","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3523877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3523877","url":null,"abstract":"This article took 6.6-kV medium-voltage crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cables as the test object, conducting field tests of polarization and depolarization currents (PDCs), very-low-frequency (VLF) tan <inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and time-domain reflectometry (TDR). The correlation between PDC testing and VLF tan <inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TDR measurements was investigated to enhance the effectiveness of the PDC testing method. PDC test outcomes indicated that polarization currents sometimes exhibit increasing or non monotonic trends over time, referred to as abnormal trends herein. Through in-depth research combining TDR measurement results and relevant theoretical frameworks, it is confirmed that abnormal polarization currents are attributable to water ingress issues in cable joints. Water ingress into the joint induces nonlinear variations in insulation conductivity with the electric field, manifesting as abnormal trends in polarization currents at the joint-insulation interface. These kinds of abnormal polarization currents can serve as an effective diagnostic indicator for identifying cable joint issues. Moreover, VLF tan <inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements alone sometimes fail to accurately diagnose water ingress issues in cable joints, necessitating the use of TDR for further diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}