IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation最新文献_第10页

Contact Performance of Strap Contacts in HVdc Converter Transformer Valve-Side Bushings: A Review 高压直流换流变压器阀侧套管带触点的接触性能研究

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3648257

Zhenglin Zeng;Guangning Wu;Kai Liu;Huichuan Tang;Binglei Cao

引用次数: 0

Wide Temperature Range Performance of Cyanobiphenyl Modified Natural Ester: High Flash Point and Low Pour Point 氰联苯改性天然酯的宽温度范围性能：高闪点、低倾点

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3716993

Chen Zhao;Zhengyong Huang;Bo Lin;Penghong Guo;Xinbing Wang;Lei Yan;Weigen Chen;Jian Li

{"title":"Wide Temperature Range Performance of Cyanobiphenyl Modified Natural Ester: High Flash Point and Low Pour Point","authors":"Chen Zhao;Zhengyong Huang;Bo Lin;Penghong Guo;Xinbing Wang;Lei Yan;Weigen Chen;Jian Li","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2026.3716993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2026.3716993","url":null,"abstract":"Natural ester insulating (NEI) oil, which is nontoxic to the environment and fully biodegradable, emerges as a viable alternative to mineral insulating oil (MO). However, the poor low-temperature fluidity of NEI remains a critical challenge limiting its application to a wider operating temperature window, and traditional pour point depressants can hardly balance the low-temperature fluidity and high flash point of NEI simultaneously. In this work, three cyanobiphenyls (CBs: short-chain CB1, long-chain CB2, and branched-chain <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm{CB}}_{{3}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with temperature induced phase transition characteristics are employed as additives, and the effects of their chain length and concentration (0–5 vol%) on the key temperature-dependent properties including the flash point and pour point of soybean NEI are systematically investigated, to broaden the operating temperature window of soybean NEI. Joint experimental and computational results show that the CB/soybean NEI systems possess a wider operating temperature window (higher flash point and lower pour point) compared with the pure soybean NEI system. Notably, the 0.5 vol% CB3/soybean NEI system exhibits the lowest pour point of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$- 26.1~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C, while the 0.5 vol% CB2/soybean NEI system exhibits the highest flash point of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$273.5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C. Therefore, the optimal addition concentration of CBs is determined to be 0.5 vol%, and CBs with long chain or branched-chain molecular structures can more effectively improve the flash point and low-temperature fluidity of soybean NEI.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3162-3168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Vacuum Surface Discharge Behavior and Evolution Characteristics of Fluorinated Polyimide Under High-Frequency Electrical Stress 高频电应力下氟化聚酰亚胺的真空表面放电行为及演化特征

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3644843

Shengrui Zhou;Li Zhang;Guan Wang;Qinkun Yang;Bilal Iqbal Ayubi

{"title":"Vacuum Surface Discharge Behavior and Evolution Characteristics of Fluorinated Polyimide Under High-Frequency Electrical Stress","authors":"Shengrui Zhou;Li Zhang;Guan Wang;Qinkun Yang;Bilal Iqbal Ayubi","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3644843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3644843","url":null,"abstract":"Under vacuum high-frequency electrical stress, polyimide (PI) films face severe surface discharge risks, which significantly affect their insulation stability in spacecraft dielectric systems. In this study, fluorinated PI (FPI) films with different fluorine contents were prepared, and a vacuum high-frequency surface discharge testing platform was established to systematically investigate their discharge characteristics. The results show that the introduction of fluorinated groups increases the surface electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of the films. The discharge inception voltage increased from 1.88 kV for pure PI to 2.38 kV for 50% FPI, with a 26.6% increase. In addition, a nonequilibrium plasma model was constructed to dynamically simulate the formation process of discharge channels and the multiphysical evolution mechanisms. The results reveal that the front region of the discharge channel exhibits a coupled feature of “high density–low temperature–high reaction rate,” with significant electric field shielding and energy dissipation observed at the electron avalanche position. Fluorinated groups effectively suppress the establishment of surface discharge channels by reducing the secondary electron emission yield (SEEY) and dielectric constant, thereby weakening the electron multiplication effect and space charge accumulation. This study, from the perspectives of material regulation and physical mechanisms, provides theoretical support for optimizing the insulation performance of PI materials under vacuum high-frequency conditions.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3527-3536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Classical Transport: NEGF-Based Unveiling of Ferroelectric Charge-Plasma Vertical Nanowire Dynamics 超越经典输运：基于negf的铁电电荷-等离子体垂直纳米线动力学揭示

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3701368

Preeti Singh;Maneesha Gupta;Prabhat Singh;Prateek Kumar;Naveen Kumar

{"title":"Beyond Classical Transport: NEGF-Based Unveiling of Ferroelectric Charge-Plasma Vertical Nanowire Dynamics","authors":"Preeti Singh;Maneesha Gupta;Prabhat Singh;Prateek Kumar;Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2026.3701368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2026.3701368","url":null,"abstract":"The theoretical 60 mV/dec subthreshold swing limit of conventional MOSFETs has motivated the exploration of alternative device architectures and materials. This work investigates the effect of embedding a ferroelectric (FE) layer in an ultrascaled vertical charge-plasma nanowire FET (VNW-FET). Unlike most previously reported FE–nanowire devices that employ channel lengths <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ge 30$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–100 nm, thicker FE layers, and are mainly targeted for memory applications, this study analyzes a 15 nm vertical nanowire with a 1.5 nm FE layer in a dopingless charge-plasma configuration. Quantum transport is modeled using mode-space nonequilibrium green’s function (NEGF) coupled with Schrödinger–Poisson equations, enabling energy-resolved analysis of transmission probability and density of states (DOSs). The influence of temperature, FE length, and FE thickness on C–VGS and IDS–VGS characteristics is examined. Results show that FE integration predominantly affects the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathrm {I}}_{textit {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where shifts in transmission threshold and DOS redistribution enhance ION. Increasing FE length further improves ION, and the FE/SiO2 stack enhances the ION/IOFF ratio by more than an order of magnitude. The device is also evaluated for NH3 and H2 sensing using the Gouy–Chapman–Stern framework.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3510-3516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Quantifying the Gas Generation Rate at the PD Evolution Stages in an Oil-Paper Insulating System 油纸绝缘系统PD演化阶段气体生成速率的量化

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705011

Yuan Li;Chunpeng Li;Yazhen Wang;Lei Yuan;Jinshan Lin;Xiaochang Hua;Jinming Zhou;Guanjun Zhang

{"title":"Quantifying the Gas Generation Rate at the PD Evolution Stages in an Oil-Paper Insulating System","authors":"Yuan Li;Chunpeng Li;Yazhen Wang;Lei Yuan;Jinshan Lin;Xiaochang Hua;Jinming Zhou;Guanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705011","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharge (PD) in oil-paper insulation would destroy the hydrocarbons of insulating oil, and therefore generate characteristic gases (e.g., H2, CH4, and C2H2) for fault diagnosis. Modeling the quantitative relationship and elucidating the reaction mechanism of gas generation rates at PD evolution stages plays a significant role in accurately evaluating fault severity. In this work, we present experimental detection methods for dissolved gas and free gas from surface discharge in an oil-paper insulating system. The evolution of discharge characteristic parameters and gas generation rates across varying discharge stages is investigated, and mathematical models and critical thresholds for gas generation rates in relation to discharge amplitude and discharge energy are proposed. The correlations between gas generation and surface discharge intensity are further elucidated. The results reveal that no gas was generated at a low discharge amplitude, with initial gas generation occurring at thresholds of 420 pC and 1.6 J/h, followed by an exponential increase with increasing discharge severity. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis reveals that the gas generation rate follows an S-shaped correlation with the discharge energy while demonstrating a linear relationship with the discharge amplitude. The errors of the verification experiments for the quantitative relationships are less than 15%. Owing to distinct reaction mechanisms and energy requirements, severe PDs promote the conversion of generated C2H6 and C2H4–C2H2 and H2, which are primary indicators for dissolved gas analysis (DGAs) and free gas analysis during severe discharge, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3208-3215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multipolarization Temperature–Frequency Normalization Algorithm for High-Voltage Generator Stator Epoxy–Mica Insulation 高压发电机定子环氧云母绝缘的多极化温度频率归一化算法

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3656103

Minghe Chi;Bo Zhang;Zhou Yang;Yang Yu;Yu Feng;Qingguo Chen

{"title":"Multipolarization Temperature–Frequency Normalization Algorithm for High-Voltage Generator Stator Epoxy–Mica Insulation","authors":"Minghe Chi;Bo Zhang;Zhou Yang;Yang Yu;Yu Feng;Qingguo Chen","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2026.3656103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2026.3656103","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) is widely applied in the insulation condition assessment of high-voltage generator stators. The evaluation process requires frequency–temperature normalization, which is mostly conducted using the “master curve” method. However, the existence of multiple polarization processes inside the dielectric leads to significant frequency shift errors, making it difficult to accurately characterize the insulation aging state. To solve this problem, this article constructs a multipolarization decoupling model and adopts combined FDS and thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) testing to identify the polarization types in the main insulation. The Kramers–Kronig (K–K) transformation is used to separate the infinite-frequency capacitance and conductivity components to obtain the relaxation polarization component. An improved Havriliak–Negami (H–N) model coupled with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) is applied to decouple multiple relaxation processes and analyze the temperature-dependent evolution of each polarization component. The energy barrier levels and shift factors of each polarization process are extracted, respectively, to obtain an accurate frequency–temperature normalization algorithm. Experimental results show that the curve corrected by the multipolarization normalization method has good consistency with the reference temperature curve, avoiding the errors caused by the one-size-fits-all frequency shift of the “master curve” method.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3646-3654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gas Generation Characteristics of Synthetic Ester Insulating Oils Under Thermal Aging: Influence of Fatty Acid Chain Structures 热老化条件下合成酯类绝缘油的生气特性：脂肪酸链结构的影响

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705018

Feipeng Wang;Bojun Li;Zijian Yang;Zhengyong Huang;Pawel Rozga;Jian Li

{"title":"Gas Generation Characteristics of Synthetic Ester Insulating Oils Under Thermal Aging: Influence of Fatty Acid Chain Structures","authors":"Feipeng Wang;Bojun Li;Zijian Yang;Zhengyong Huang;Pawel Rozga;Jian Li","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2026.3705018","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of molecular structures on gas generation behavior in synthetic ester insulating oils, this study synthesizes medium-chain fatty acid trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester (MTE) insulating oils with well-defined molecular structures. The effects of fatty acid chain parity, branching, and unsaturation on gas generation are systematically examined. Thermal aging experiments are conducted at varying temperatures and durations, and dissolved gas content is analyzed using gas chromatography. Results indicate that in linear-chain MTE insulating oils, CO2, CO, C2H4, and H2 are the predominant gases, and aging temperature exerts a stronger effect on odd-carbon MTEs. In branched-chain MTEs, CO2, CO, C2H6, and H2 are dominant, while unsaturated MTEs primarily generate H2, CO2, and CO. Notably, unsaturation and branching significantly accelerate gas generation. A quantitative relationship between molecular structures and gas generation characteristics is established, which provides theoretical support for optimized ester design and future improvements in transformer fault diagnosis via dissolved gas analysis (DGA).","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3122-3130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual Domain Diagnosis of Moisture States in Epoxy-Impregnated Paper Insulation With GAF Swin Transformer 基于GAF变压器的环氧纸绝缘水分状态的视觉域诊断

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3649138

Yuanshuai He;Hao Yang;Yajun Qiao;Yu Hou;Xiaohui Yan;Yun Liu;Fusheng Zhou

{"title":"Visual Domain Diagnosis of Moisture States in Epoxy-Impregnated Paper Insulation With GAF Swin Transformer","authors":"Yuanshuai He;Hao Yang;Yajun Qiao;Yu Hou;Xiaohui Yan;Yun Liu;Fusheng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3649138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3649138","url":null,"abstract":"Dry-type bushings are critical components of high-voltage equipment, yet highly vulnerable to moisture ingress, which compromises their operational reliability and insulation lifetime. This study systematically investigates the moisture problem of epoxy-impregnated paper (EIP) insulation in 110 kV dry-type bushings. Samples with varying moisture contents are prepared, and bushings are subjected to controlled-humidity treatment. A large-scale frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) dataset is obtained and converted into 2-D Gramian angular summation field (GASF) and Gramian angular difference field (GADF) images using the Gramian angular field (GAF) method, and a GAF Swin transformer model is developed for insulation moisture state assessment. Results show that with increasing moisture, the loss tangent (tan <inline-formula> <tex-math>$delta text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> curves of both EIP and bushings shift toward higher frequencies, while low-frequency dielectric loss increases markedly. The proposed GASF Swin transformer demonstrates superior performance, achieving 97.57% accuracy for EIP classification, and for bushings, precision of 93.35%, recall of 94.50%, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${F}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-score of 93.86%. These metrics significantly outperform baseline models such as ResNet50, MobileNet, and Vision transformer. The findings confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating FDS with GAF-based deep visual models for insulation moisture diagnosis, providing a valuable reference for the monitoring and maintenance of dry-type bushings.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3665-3675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Multiobjective Optimization of Valve-Side Electrostatic Ring in Converter Transformers via Transfer Learning Considering Electrothermal Coupling 考虑电热耦合的换流变压器阀侧静电环迁移学习多目标优化

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2025.3640552

Jiahao Li;Qingyu Wang;Zhengyu Xia;Chuang Liu;Peng Liu;Zongren Peng

{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization of Valve-Side Electrostatic Ring in Converter Transformers via Transfer Learning Considering Electrothermal Coupling","authors":"Jiahao Li;Qingyu Wang;Zhengyu Xia;Chuang Liu;Peng Liu;Zongren Peng","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2025.3640552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2025.3640552","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a transfer learning-based surrogate-assisted multiobjective optimization method for the valve-side electrostatic ring insulation structure of converter transformers, considering electrothermal coupling effects. Low-cost pure electrostatic simulations are used as, domain data, while a limited number of high-fidelity electrothermal simulations serve as target-domain data. A deep neural network (DNN)-based transfer learning surrogate model is constructed to reduce training time while ensuring high prediction accuracy and generalization. Key design variables are identified through Sobol global sensitivity analysis, and the sample space is generated via Latin hypercube sampling (LHS). Two surrogate models are trained to predict the minimum oil-gap insulation margin under alternating current (ac) conditions and the maximum electric field strength in the pressboard under direct current (dc) conditions. These models are integrated into the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) multiobjective optimization framework, and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to select the best compromise solution from the Pareto front. Results show that the proposed method improves the minimum oil-gap insulation margin by 8.87% and reduces the maximum electric field strength in the pressboard by 11.90%. Compared to conventional methods relying solely on electrothermal simulations, the proposed approach achieves comparable accuracy while reducing model construction time by approximately 67.76%.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"33 5","pages":"3811-3820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrections to "Correlation Between Discharge Energy and the Characteristics of Carbon Particles in Transformer Oil" 对“放电能量与变压器油中碳颗粒特性的关系”的修正

IF 3.3 3区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2026.3735220

Wu Zhao;Lijun Yang;Chen Chen;Bo Zhou;Shangquan Feng;Chao Guo;Xuetong Zhao;Jun Gao

引用次数: 0