Al2O3-Based Frequency-Agile MIMO System With Beam Tilt Correction Using PLA Concave Parabolic Reflector

This study introduces a new technique to enhance isolation among antenna elements in an alumina (Al2O3)-based frequency-agile multiple input multiple output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) system utilizing a polylactic acid (PLA)-based concave reflector. The proposed radiator is designed from ceramic material (Al2O3) with a relative dielectric constant ( $\in $ r) of 9.8. Frequency agility is attained by utilizing the intrinsic characteristics of the dielectric resonator (DR), wherein its physical factors define the resonant frequency. Pin diode-based T-shaped power divider works as a feedline by utilizing its conductive and insulative property. Furthermore, the dielectric characteristics of PLA are utilized to improve interelement isolation, resulting in a 24 dB enhancement, and to rectify beam tilt in the YZ plane. This results in improving antenna gain by around 2 dBi and allow for a beam tilt correction of up to approximately 40°. It also includes an RF biasing circuit that provides insulation to the RF components, ensuring optimal performance without interference or signal degradation. The efficacy of the proposed communication system is validated through real-time testing using an Arduino UNO-based system, confirming its adaptability and consistent performance across dynamic environmental conditions. The proposed design is validated via simulations and experiments, illustrating the efficacy of the PLA dielectric material in directing electromagnetic wave propagation and reducing coupling effects. The combination of DRA and dielectric reflector-based isolation makes this antenna system a suitable candidate for WLAN and DSRC applications.