IEEE Photonics Journal最新文献

{"title":"A Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) - Chalcogenide-Based Thin Film Composite Asymmetric Y-Type On-Chip Wavelength Division Multiplexer","authors":"Bowen Liu;Nuo Xu;Wanqi Guo;Xinyue Liu;Baoan Song","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3591831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3591831","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an on-chip dual-mode multiplexer based on a lithium niobate-sulfide thin-film composite adiabatic coupler. The device integrates two input waveguides with distinct structures into a shared output waveguide, enabling selective mode conversion and combination through precise manipulation of the refractive index distribution. Simulation results demonstrate that the device functions across a broad wavelength range of 1500–1600 nm, achieving a wideband operation with crosstalk below 17 dB and insertion loss under 1.36 dB. Tolerance analysis reveals that the device maintains satisfactory performance even with variations in etching depth and waveguide gap within a ±50 nm range. Experimental results show that the overall coupling efficiency of the device is approximately −27 dB.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11090026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Dual-Model Approach for Noise-Resilient Detection of Small Camouflaged Targets in Wide-Field Hyperspectral Imaging","authors":"Haiyi Bian;Jiaxin Shi;Rendong Ji;Xiaoyan Wang;Lei Liu;Xinnian Guo;Lei Song;Yuanxue Cai;Hongnan Duan;Linkang Du","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3591541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3591541","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperspectral imaging plays a crucial role in long-distance target detection, yet challenges arise from data complexity and noise interference. In the hyperspectral images acquired for this study, the camouflaged target occupies on average fewer than 25 pixels—approximately 0.0007% of the total pixels—which underscores the extreme difficulty of detecting such minute objects. This study proposes a robust dual-model fusion approach, integrating a Back Propagation (BP) neural network and Random Forest to enhance detection accuracy and noise suppression. By leveraging BP’s nonlinear pattern recognition capabilities and Random Forest’s ensemble decision-making, the method effectively identifies small, camouflaged targets in wide-field hyperspectral imagery while maintaining low false-alarm rates. Experiments using FS-22 hyperspectral data (300 spectral channels, 1920 × 1920 resolution) successfully detected camouflaged vehicle at long distances under challenging noise conditions. The dual model demonstrates superior performance in terms of probability of detection, false-alarm rate suppression, and noise removal compared to individual models. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for noise-resilient, long-range hyperspectral target detection with enhanced reliability and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 5","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11088086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PN-Type Near-Infrared High-Speed Graphene Heterojunction Photodetector","authors":"Yun Fang;Qingmin Fu;Yuhang Wei;Jian Liu;Wanchun Yang;Dandan Wang;Xue Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3590512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3590512","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a GaAs-substrate-based PN-type near-infrared high-speed graphene heterojunction photodetector is proposed. The proposed photodetector is only composed of a P-type graphene heterojunction absorption part and a N-type GaAs substrate, where the P-type graphene heterojunction is formed by vertically stacking graphene, InSb, and AlSb layers in a top-down configuration. By precisely tuning the thickness and doping profile of each heterostructure layer, a distinctive graphene heterojunction is developed, which is subsequently utilized to realize an optimized PN-type photodetector exhibiting remarkable photoresponsive behavior. Meanwhile, the photogenerated electrons in the InSb dielectric layer can overcome the interfacial potential energy barrier and inject into graphene, achieving rapid response via ballistic transport in the graphene. Numerical simulations indicate the developed graphene heterojunction photodetector simultaneously attains: (i) a high responsivity of 0.329 A/W, and (ii) ultrafast temporal response, with rise and fall times of 13 ns and 11 ns, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11084908","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Design and Simulation of a Compact TFLN-Based Integrated Device for Simultaneous Polarizing and Equal-Power Beam Splitting","authors":"Wenxuan Pei;Zhen Zhou;Xinyu Li;Yang Lu;Wentao Li;Anxu Huang;Di Feng;Hongchen Jiao;Lishuang Feng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3590348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3590348","url":null,"abstract":"We present a compact thin-film lithium niobate integrated device simultaneously achieving high polarization extinction ratio and equal-power beam splitting, using two optimized oppositely-tapered graded-slope mode converters monolithically integrated with a multimode interference coupler. The converter’s geometric profile is designed through a developed analytical method that evaluates local mode conversion efficiency, enabling flexible geometry customization for diverse applications. Based on this analytical method, the performance simulations and optimization are presented. The proposed integrated device’s high extinction ratio, broad bandwidth, and fabrication tolerance show particular promise for precision optical sensing applications including fiber-optic gyroscopes.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11083596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Stability and Compact Interference Image Detection With Quasi-Real-Time Calibration Based on Phase Feedback Compensation","authors":"Meiling Guan;Yang Liu;Hongman Zhang;Xuefei Liu;Hemeng Xue;Yansheng Hao;Xiaowen Li;Zhengyu Ye;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589890","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a high-stability compact interference image detection by an adjustable baseline with real-time calibration based on phase feedback compensation, which is formed by traditional lens pairing. A theoretical model of the interference detection system is established to analyze the effect of reconstruction. The jitter of interference signal caused by environmental disturbance is solved effectively by phase feedback compensation and the corresponding fluctuations is less than 1.06%. The interferometric detection system can switch between the detection mode and the calibration mode through the optical switch. Three targets are successfully reconstructed with different baseline interference data. The relative position error between the calculated coordinates and the measured coordinates of the point target is less than 4%. Such the high stability interference detection system has good prospect for fast aiming interconnection of optical communication and electro-optical reconnaissance.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11082428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Neural Network-Based Detection of Modulated Jamming in Free-Space Optical Systems: Theory and Performance Under Atmospheric Fading","authors":"Manav R. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589419","url":null,"abstract":"Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, though advantageous in terms of bandwidth and security, are highly susceptible to deliberate jamming attacks, particularly under intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) constraints. This paper investigates the problem of detecting structured optical jamming introduced via a separate FSO link, where both legitimate and adversarial transmissions undergo independent Gamma-Gamma fading. We propose a deep neural network (DNN)-based binary classifier designed to discriminate between clean and jammed received frames. The DNN operates on a composite feature vector comprising raw signal samples, spectral content, energy statistics, and higher-order distributional descriptors, enabling robust detection under both modulated and persistent jamming scenarios. To benchmark the performance of the proposed architecture, we derive a closed-form upper bound on the Bayes classification error using the Bhattacharyya coefficient, expressed analytically in terms of Meijer-G functions. This bound reveals how key system parameters—including jammer power, noise variance, signal dimension, and turbulence severity—jointly influence detectability. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the DNN’s performance under varying noise, fading, and jamming conditions. Results show that the proposed model approaches the theoretical limit at moderate dimensions, low noise, and high jammer power, while generalization performance is constrained at large dimensions by data sparsity and architectural capacity. The combination of theoretical bounds and feature-informed DNN design offers a principled framework for jamming detection in realistic FSO environments.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11080276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Single Photon Laser Communication Detection and Receiving Technology Based on Baseband Pulse Sampling","authors":"Yapei Sheng;Min Zhang;Jiao Dong;Ziyi Gao;Li Xu;Peng Lin;Keyan Dong;Xiaonan Yu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588856","url":null,"abstract":"To realize the efficient transmission of deep space communication, single photon detection technology is used to overcome the signal attenuation and noise problems in long-distance transmission. To further achieve high-speed single-photon communication, we proposed the pulse sampling on-off keying modulation method instead of the PPM to increase the rate, and introduced the dark counting of the single-photon detector system, and a single-photon detector simulation model is set up to solve the problem of the transmission of the non-return-to-zero code in the single-photon detector. Simulation results show that the pulse sampling technique solves the transmission problem of non-return-to-zero pseudo-random sequence code in a single-photon detector, and its bit error rate is lower than 10E-4 under the condition that the non-return-to-zero code cannot allow good communication. In addition, the relationship between the dark count rate and the bit error rate of a single photon detector is analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of applying pulse sampling to single-photon detector is proved by experiments. The research results are of great significance to the study of single-photon laser communication in deep space.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11079861","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication-Tolerant Single-Transverse-Mode Supersymmetric Laser Arrays","authors":"Ruigang Zhang;Yu Lu;Tiange Wu;Sikang Yang;Kaiyuan Wang;Qiaomu Hu;Yunlong Li;Deming Liu;Shuang Zheng;Minming Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588870","url":null,"abstract":"The semiconductor supersymmetric (SUSY) laser arrays have achieved single-transverse-mode operation with high output powers, which hold great potential for integrated optoelectronic devices for optical communication and ranging systems. However, the single-transverse-mode characteristics may deteriorate rapidly when the ridge waveguide width varies due to fabrication error. In this work, fabrication-tolerant single-transverse-mode SUSY laser arrays are designed using robust direct search (RDS) under the odd/even supermode double-sided coupling scheme. Two independent superpartners are introduced on both sides of the main array, with one coupling and eliminating the higher-order odd symmetry supermodes, and the other coupling and eliminating the higher-order even symmetry supermodes in the main array, enabling more efficient coupling of higher-order transverse modes into the lossy superpartners, which leads to the increased loss of high-order supermodes. RDS design method is used to improve the single-transverse-mode characteristics with fabrication tolerance, which considers the fabrication error in ridge waveguide width during the optimization process. The mode discrimination, defined as the difference between the modal gain of fundamental supermode and the highest modal gain among higher-order supermodes, is calculated to evaluate the transverse mode characteristics. Larger mode discrimination corresponds to better single-transverse-mode characteristics. We demonstrate odd/even supermode double-sided coupling SUSY laser arrays composed of five, seven and nine-ridge main array using the RDS, achieving average mode discrimination within ±0.1 μm ridge width variations of 36.61 GHz, 36.27 GHz, and 35.41 GHz, respectively, when the maximum mode discrimination is 50 GHz. Compared to conventional design method, the average mode discrimination increases by 8.21 GHz, 7.18 GHz, and 5.66 GHz, proving better single-transverse-mode characteristics with fabrication tolerance. The proposed fabrication-tolerant single-transverse-mode SUSY laser arrays could find potential applications in integrated optoelectronic devices for optical communication and ranging systems.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11079841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators With Complex Waveguide Cross-Sections and Minimal Non-Linearity","authors":"Stefania Cucco;Marco Novarese;Sebastian Romero Garcia;Jock Bovington;Mariangela Gioannini","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3589138","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model and a rigorous method to calculate the transmission coefficient of silicon micro-rings with complex waveguide cross-section including non-linear effects and self-heating, with very short simulation times. The method is applied to the design of MRRs in the SISCAP platform with high Q and reduced non-linearity, namely due to two photon absorption and free carrier absorption. We demonstrate that the free carrier diffusion in rib waveguides and Shockely-Read-Hall recombination play a fundamental role in reducing the impact of non-linearities in the ring.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11080016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quadrature Biasing Method Based on Slope Detection for Si Mach-Zehnder Modulators","authors":"Jae-Koo Park;Min-Hyeok Seong;Kihun Kim;Jae-Ho Lee;Woo-Young Choi","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3588233","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel quadrature biasing method for a silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator (Si MZM) with an on-chip heater. The proposed technique determines the quadrature point by sweeping the heater voltage while modulating the RF signal to locate the point of maximum optical modulation efficiency. The quadrature bias point can be identified by sweeping the heater voltage only within the <inline-formula><tex-math>${{V}_pi }$</tex-math></inline-formula> range, instead of the full <inline-formula><tex-math>${{V}_{2pi }}.$</tex-math></inline-formula> Moreover, this method can determine the slope polarity simultaneously while detecting the optimal modulation point, enabling a more robust dithering mode operation. The proposed technique is successfully demonstrated for a custom-designed Si MZM using an FPGA along with a few commercial ICs.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11078140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}