IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-16DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734936
Hao You;Yuping Zhang;Guangxing Wei;Yanxia Li;Qingan Ding;Liuge Du
{"title":"Optimized Structural Parameterization Enabling Efficient Inverse Design of Photonic Circuits Based on Deep Learning","authors":"Hao You;Yuping Zhang;Guangxing Wei;Yanxia Li;Qingan Ding;Liuge Du","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734936","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for inverse design of sophisticated and high-performance photonic devices. The optimization of device parameters on fixed topology of photonic integrated circuits (PICs), and the automatic design of topological structures with fixed device parameters, are both feasible to be implemented through the end-to-end design of deep learning. However, the effective co-design of device parameters and diverse topologies remains challenging. Therefore, the improved parametric representation of device parameters and topological structures is presented. Parameter matrices of circuit structures are optimized by the equivalent substitution using certain device physics parameters that govern all-pass states, which not only effectively simplifies the inverse mapping and reduces the training cost, but significantly improves the prediction accuracy and generalization ability, compared to the direct combination of device parameters and circuit topologies. As a result, the generalization error of the neural network using transformed design parameters has reduced by approximately 85% compared to original structure parameters without any physics information. The statistical average of mean absolute errors can be stabilized at around 3% for the validation of inverse networks on different test sets, which achieves accurate and reliable automated generation of PICs.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"8600310-8600310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11693484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-16DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734836
Yiyang Bai;Élie Awwad;Michèle Wigger
{"title":"LMMSE-Based Phase Estimator for Fiber-Optic Coherent Spread-Spectrum FBG-Based Sensing Systems","authors":"Yiyang Bai;Élie Awwad;Michèle Wigger","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3734836","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing enables localized strain and temperature monitoring by tracking the phase changes of the light reflected from FBGs inserted along a fiber. A major source of disturbance in such systems is laser phase noise, and its influence is typically mitigated by means of additional hardware. In this article, we propose to mitigate the influence of laser phase noise by means of digital signal processing. We propose a practical estimator for coherent single-polarization spread-spectrum FBG-based sensing systems, which is motivated by linearizing the complex received signal and approximating the loss function to formulate a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation problem. Moreover, a Cramér–Rao lower bound for this FBG-based estimation problem is presented. Our simulation results demonstrate that the performance of our proposed estimator lies close to the Cramér–Rao lower bound, thus indicating that our estimator effectively compensates for phase noise in FBG-based sensing systems.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"6802407-6802407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11692866","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-21DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3736093
Zhuo Guo;Shuting Xu;Jing Zhao;Junjie Shi;Edward S. Yang;Xiaoyue Chang
{"title":"Cytosolic Ca2+ Elevation in Endothelia Cells Stimulated by a Vibrating Needle: Imaging by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy","authors":"Zhuo Guo;Shuting Xu;Jing Zhao;Junjie Shi;Edward S. Yang;Xiaoyue Chang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3736093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3736093","url":null,"abstract":"Ca<sup>2+</sup> is a secondary messenger that controls a wide range of processes. In vascular endothelial cells, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> is known to be affected by shear stress. Therefore, imaging Ca<sup>2+</sup> activity at cellular and subcellular levels in endothelial cells helps to study effect that shear stress has on cellular functions. In this work, we used a real-time confocal laser scanning microscope to record Ca<sup>2+</sup> activity of an endothelial cell monolayer subjected to acoustic waves produced by a needle, with additional tests conducted to confirm the involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels. The result showed that needle stimulation induced observable changes in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration in local cells through activation of mechanosensitive channels by shear waves.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"3900607-3900607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11701432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-14DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733721
Yiling Zeng;Fei Yuan;Na Tian;Hongqiang Zou;Yushan Cai;Qian Dai;Huilin Luo;Haizhi Song
{"title":"A Reconfigurable and Adaptive Macro-pixel Based SPAD Array Readout Circuit","authors":"Yiling Zeng;Fei Yuan;Na Tian;Hongqiang Zou;Yushan Cai;Qian Dai;Huilin Luo;Haizhi Song","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733721","url":null,"abstract":"To address the susceptibility of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) to false triggering under strong background illumination and the lack of flexibility in traditional macro-pixel readout architectures, this paper proposes an FPGA-based adaptive and reconfigurable macro-pixel SPAD array readout circuit. The design employs a modular, tileable architecture that enables flexible array scaling, complemented by a reconfigurable coincidence-detection threshold together with a feedback regulation mechanism. These features enable automatic optimization of the detection strategy according to the incident optical power, thus supporting both high-sensitivity and high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) operating modes. The circuit incorporates a 216-stage delay-line time-to-digital converter (TDC), achieving a time resolution of 25.11ps, with a typical power consumption of 1.2 W. Measurement results show that the differential nonlinearity (DNL) ranges from –0.89 to 0.77 LSB, and the integral nonlinearity (INL) ranges from –1.80 to 1.53 LSB. Based on Monte Carlo simulations and FPGA-level validation, the proposed readout architecture maintains stable macro-pixel signal-to-noise ratio and detection efficiency under varying background illumination. This work presents a scalable hardware architecture that enables adaptive readout for large-scale SPAD arrays, suitable for laser ranging and imaging under varying background conditions.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"1502409-1502409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11690827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-17DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3735059
Dan Li;Fei Cui;Fei Liu;Zhi Wang;Ziyi Xu;Rui Zhou;Min Wang;Xian Zhou
{"title":"Range-Adaptive Wavelength Calibration Fusion Method for Enhanced Demodulation Precision of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry","authors":"Dan Li;Fei Cui;Fei Liu;Zhi Wang;Ziyi Xu;Rui Zhou;Min Wang;Xian Zhou","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3735059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3735059","url":null,"abstract":"In the optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) system, laser wavelength drift is a critical issue that undermines measurement precision, necessitating effective wavelength calibration to maintain reliable performance. Traditional wavelength calibration methods are difficult to maintain high demodulation precision over a wide wavelength range using gas cell or Fabry-Pérot (F-P) etalon solely, which is attributed to the limited calibration range of gas cell and the inherent susceptibility to external environment fluctuation of F-P etalon. To achieve both high precision and wide sensing range, this paper proposes a range-adaptive wavelength calibration fusion (RAWCF) method for OFDR. By introducing a spectral overlap factor, the proposed method adaptively fuses the calibration information provided by the gas cell and the F-P etalon. Experimental results demonstrate an average spectral shift demodulation precision of 12.29 pm at a spatial resolution of 5.12 mm when the wavelength varies from 1551 nm to 1579 nm. Moreover, comparative experiments validate that the proposed RAWCF method improves the spectral shift demodulation precision by 5.03-fold and 1.41-fold compared with traditional wavelength calibration using the gas cell alone and the F-P etalon alone, respectively. This approach effectively addresses the inherent difficulty of spectral shift demodulation precision enhancement within wide sensing spectral range relying on the sole wavelength calibration elements of gas cell or F-P etalon, offering a robust solution for high-performance OFDR sensing.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"7101110-7101110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11695065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extended Eigenvalue Calibration Method With Joint Optimization for Overdetermined Mueller Matrix Polarimeters","authors":"Zhiyong Yang;Guangchen Wang;Mingdi Zhang;Zhiwei Zhang;Yihui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3729789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3729789","url":null,"abstract":"In Mueller matrix polarimetry, the accuracy of polarimeter calibration directly determines the reliability of measurement results. As a general calibration method, the eigenvalue calibration method (ECM) is widely adopted since it does not require exact prior knowledge of the optical responses of system components. When over-measurement is employed to enhance data redundancy, it is necessary to extend the conventional ECM to handle high-dimensional intensity matrices. However, existing extended methods typically solve the instrument matrices of the polarization state generator (PSG) and the polarization state analyzer (PSA) independently, neglecting the inherent coupling between the two instrument matrices, which leads to additional noise amplification and systematic errors. To address this, this paper proposes a Joint-Optimized extended eigenvalue calibration method (JO-ECM). The method formulates the matrix extension as a joint optimization problem, solved via an alternating projection algorithm by alternately solving for the extension coefficient matrices to achieve consistent estimation of both PSG and PSA extended states. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed method retains the advantages of the existing extended ECM while enhancing numerical stability and noise suppression. Simulations demonstrate that under 8-state over-measurement, JO-ECM improves the air Mueller matrix measurement accuracy by approximately 16.7% on average compared with the original extended ECM, with robust performance across various noise conditions. Experimental validation further confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating a 13.91% improvement in the air Mueller matrix measurement accuracy, with error reductions of 3.54%, 14.09%, and 11.27% for the 0° polarizer, 90° polarizer, and 30° retarder, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"5800113-5800113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11676207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endogenous Encryption Scheme Driven by Multi-Dimensional Feature Fusion","authors":"Deyuan Liu;Bo Liu;Jianxin Ren;Yaya Mao;Shuaidong Chen;Jianye Zhao;Xiumin Song;Tingting Sun;Jian Cheng;Chuanxi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733485","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an endogenous encryption communication scheme based on multi-dimensional feature fusion to enhance physical-layer security. To address the limitations of conventional schemes that depend on external physical characteristics for key generation, require external key distribution and management, and rely on fixed encryption algorithms, the proposed scheme employs parallel multi-dimensional feature extraction modules to synchronously extract intrinsic features from the transmitted data, including statistical distributions, structural patterns, and complexity measures. The extracted features are then fused and mapped into endogenous keys via a feature–encryption mapping algorithm, enabling tight integration of key generation with the communication process. A 15.875 Gb/s multi-dimensional feature fusion–encrypted 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmission over a 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves reliable legitimate communication without additional bit error rate (BER) penalty, while effectively suppressing unauthorized eavesdropping, with the eavesdropper’s BER maintained at approximately 0.5. Furthermore, when only partial features are available or when a mismatched mapping algorithm is used, the BER remains close to 0.5, indicating random decoding behavior. When extracting only 11 features from the transmitted data for key generation, the key space has already reached 10<sup>154</sup>. These results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in enhancing physical layer security and demonstrate its potential for highly secure and reliable optical converged transmission schemes.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11690467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149130953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-07DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3731430
Jia Feng;Yang Liu;Jiawei Dong;Zhongling Ruan;Biao Li;Hao Wang
{"title":"Fourier Single-Pixel Imaging Based on Wavelet Decomposition and Diffusion Model","authors":"Jia Feng;Yang Liu;Jiawei Dong;Zhongling Ruan;Biao Li;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3731430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3731430","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality image reconstruction at low sampling rates remains a key challenge in Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSPI). To address the issue of image blur caused by the lack of high-frequency components in FSPI images under low sampling rates, a Frequency Constraint and Wavelet decomposition Diffusion Model (FC-WDM) method for Fourier single-pixel imaging is proposed. The image is first decomposed via wavelet transform into one low-frequency sub-band and three high-frequency sub-bands. The proposed method designs targeted recovery strategies for the low-frequency and high-frequency sub-bands, respectively. For the low-frequency sub-band reconstruction, a conditional diffusion model is employed. For the high-frequency sub-bands, a deep Fourier module (DFM-Block) is specially designed for image reconstruction. To overcome the bottleneck of traditional convolution, which is limited by a local receptive field, the deep Fourier module incorporates a dedicated frequency-domain filter block after spatial feature extraction. Specifically, this module maps the feature maps to the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and achieves global receptive field coverage in the spatial domain by performing joint convolution on both the real and imaginary parts. Additionally, a frequency physical constraint module is designed to ensure that the model generation process remains anchored to the actual observed information. Both simulation and real-world experimental results confirm that the proposed network significantly improves the quality of image reconstruction at low measurement rates.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"7800612-7800612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11682033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-08-12DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3723528
Bingbing Ma;Yu Wang;Sheng Liao;Jinmei Zhou
{"title":"Impact of Fλ/d on Object Detection Performance in Infrared Imaging Systems","authors":"Bingbing Ma;Yu Wang;Sheng Liao;Jinmei Zhou","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3723528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3723528","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional infrared imaging-system performance metrics are primarily developed for human-observer assessment, whereas their applicability to automatic object detection remains insufficiently understood. To examine how variations in front-end imaging-system parameters affect detection performance, this study investigates the influence of the optical–sampling parameter Fλ/d on infrared object detection. A controlled image-domain simulation framework is constructed by varying focal length, aperture diameter, and detector pixel size to generate different imaging conditions. Scene-reference infrared images are processed using MTF-based filtering, detector sampling, and NETD-related noise injection. The corresponding system characteristics are evaluated using pre-sampling MTF, sampling response, NETD, and Targeting Task Performance (TTP), while detection performance is assessed using six object detection networks, mAP, and TIDE-based error decomposition. The results show that detection performance is generally highest in the transition region of Fλ/d, where optical transfer, sampling behavior, and sensitivity are jointly balanced. The image-domain implementation is further evaluated using measured infrared target images, and the observed trend is examined across different infrared datasets. These results provide a physically interpretable basis for analyzing the influence of front-end imaging conditions on infrared object detection.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"6802313-6802313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11654180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IEEE Photonics JournalPub Date : 2026-10-01Epub Date: 2026-09-14DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733320
Haoyu Tong;Baoshi Sun;Chun Hong Kang;Talha Ariff;Fares Banjar;Alaaeddine Rjeb;Jiahao Wei;Islam Ashry;Boon S. Ooi
{"title":"Optical-Fiber-Based Integrated Sensing and Communication Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing","authors":"Haoyu Tong;Baoshi Sun;Chun Hong Kang;Talha Ariff;Fares Banjar;Alaaeddine Rjeb;Jiahao Wei;Islam Ashry;Boon S. Ooi","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2026.3733320","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on optical fibers has emerged as a powerful technology for real-time, long-range, and high-resolution monitoring in harsh environments, including underwater, underground, and downhole scenarios. While recent studies have explored data transmission using DAS systems, most approaches treat communication as a standalone function, while the simultaneous use of the same DAS infrastructure for independent distributed sensing remains underexplored and field-level validation is limited. In this work, we report an optical-fiber-based integrated sensing and communication (O-ISAC) framework that enables simultaneous distributed acoustic sensing and data communication over a single optical fiber. The system is implemented using a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (<inline-formula><tex-math>$Phi$</tex-math></inline-formula>-OTDR) architecture and a joint spatial–spectral signal-processing strategy that enables sensing and communication to coexist with no evident spectral interference under the tested conditions. To enhance communication robustness under fading and environmental noise, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for data demodulation. The framework is validated through laboratory experiments and field deployment in a harbor canal, where distributed sensing captures boat-induced acoustic signatures at speeds ranging from approximately 2.5 to 8.6 m/s and in opposite traversal directions, while communication is maintained concurrently. Experimental results demonstrate reliable sensing alongside accurate data transmission, achieving a demodulation accuracy of 97.84% under laboratory integrated operation and consistently exceeding 95% under dynamic field conditions.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"18 5","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11690768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149131031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}