IEEE Photonics Journal最新文献

A Neural Network-Based Feature Learning and Processing to Estimate Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Coherent Optical Fiber Systems

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558516

Mohamed Al-Nahhal;Ibrahim Al-Nahhal;Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman;Octavia A. Dobre

{"title":"A Neural Network-Based Feature Learning and Processing to Estimate Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Coherent Optical Fiber Systems","authors":"Mohamed Al-Nahhal;Ibrahim Al-Nahhal;Sunish Kumar Orappanpara Soman;Octavia A. Dobre","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558516","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel two-stage neural network (TSNN)-based signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator tailored specifically for coherent optical fiber systems. The proposed TSNN architecture consists of two distinct NN stages. In the first NN stage, a novel technique called feature estimation using NN (FE-NN) is proposed, aiming to decrease the computational complexity by learning feature similarities and estimating some features based on others generated mathematically from the received signal. Subsequent to the FE-NN stage, a second NN stage is meticulously crafted to jointly estimate the linear and nonlinear SNR components with precision. This stage utilizes a novel set of input features generated exclusively from the received signal, without prior knowledge of the transmitted signals. The proposed input features leverage statistical measures such as median absolute deviation, arithmetic mean, and entropy to provide a comprehensive insight into SNR dynamics, thereby enhancing estimation accuracy. A comprehensive analysis of the computational complexity of the proposed TSNN SNR estimator is provided, quantifying the required number of real-valued multiplications and real-valued additions. Performance evaluation of the proposed TSNN estimator is conducted through extensive simulations encompassing 4950 realizations of a standard single-mode fiber wavelength division multiplexing system, employing dual-polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. The results underscore the pronounced reduction in computational complexity achieved by the proposed TSNN estimator compared to the most efficient estimators in the literature. Moreover, the proposed TSNN estimator yields superior accuracy in both linear and nonlinear SNR components estimation, thereby highlighting its efficacy in optical communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation of a GaInP$_{2}$ - GaAs - GaInAsN - Ge Photovoltaic Cell for Space Applications 模拟用于太空应用的 GaInP$_{2}$ - GaAs - GaInAsN - Ge 光伏电池

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558372

Antoine Fées;Pablo Caron;Inès Revol;Rodolphe Vaillon;Julien Mekki;Thierry Nuns;Guilhem Almuneau

{"title":"Simulation of a GaInP$_{2}$ - GaAs - GaInAsN - Ge Photovoltaic Cell for Space Applications","authors":"Antoine Fées;Pablo Caron;Inès Revol;Rodolphe Vaillon;Julien Mekki;Thierry Nuns;Guilhem Almuneau","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3558372","url":null,"abstract":"We use an open-source simulation software to design III-V multi-junction solar cells containing a dilute nitride subcell. We discuss the different modeling techniques in terms of physical models and numerical methods, and provide an educated guess for a GaInP<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> - GaAs - GaInAsN - Ge lattice-matched 4-junction solar cell performance assessment. We suggest a way to ensure an effective computation of the main output values of an open-source Poisson-Drift-Diffusion solver for multi-junction solar cell analysis. An optimization of a multi-junction cell including a n-i-p subcell is performed, starting from basic theoretical considerations, to the use of a double-layer anti-reflective coating to target the most limiting subcell, and then with an optimization of the n-i-p architecture in the 1 eV subcell with respect to the GaInAsN layer properties. We show that the detrimental effects of low diffusion lengths in the GaInAsN layer can be alleviated by taking advantage of field-assisted collection.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10949845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Backflash Attack on Coherent One-Way Quantum Key Distribution

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3557214

Ashutosh Kumar Singh;Nilesh Sharma;Vaibhav Pratap Singh;Anil Prabhakar

引用次数: 0

A Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence in Dermatological Diagnosis and Tissue Microscopy

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3557447

Paul-Vasile Vezeteu;Andrei-Daniel Andronescu;Dumitru-Iulian Năstac

{"title":"A Literature Review on Artificial Intelligence in Dermatological Diagnosis and Tissue Microscopy","authors":"Paul-Vasile Vezeteu;Andrei-Daniel Andronescu;Dumitru-Iulian Năstac","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3557447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3557447","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence is reshaping dermatological diagnosis and dermatopathology by leveraging computer vision to enable innovative and effective medical approaches. These technologies have the potential to democratize access to high-quality diagnostic tools by providing innovative solutions for analyzing medical images. Dermatological diagnostic processes — such as dermatoscopy, microscopy and smartphone-assisted dermatology — can be paired with AI to support medical experts to enhance accuracy and efficiency. This review systematically surveys the current scientific literature on techniques that employ intelligent systems both for dermatological diagnostics, as well as dermatopathology. Key deep learning methodologies, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transfer learning, and explainable AI, are examined in the context of current medical practices. The analysis also addresses practical challenges, such as image quality, computational constraints, and data privacy. Throughout the review, emerging trends and future directions are identified, such as AI-integration as an assisting technology, and microscopy as a facilitator for intelligent system development in global healthcare. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners, encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration to advance the diagnosis of dermatological conditions in both dermatology and dermatopathology.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10948126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Demonstration of 1 μm Dual-Wavelength Fiber Laser Based on Cascade Single-Stage Resonant Cavity

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556102

Xinran Li;Yun Ye;Ke Li;Xinyi Ding;Hanshuo Wu;Xiaolin Wang;Weihong Hua

{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of 1 μm Dual-Wavelength Fiber Laser Based on Cascade Single-Stage Resonant Cavity","authors":"Xinran Li;Yun Ye;Ke Li;Xinyi Ding;Hanshuo Wu;Xiaolin Wang;Weihong Hua","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556102","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-wavelength fiber lasers (DWFL) have tremendous application prospects in industrial processing, electronic countermeasures, biomedicine and so on due to their advantages of flexible dual-wavelength output. In this work, we have constructed a 1 μm dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a cascaded resonant cavity with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), and the dual-wavelength laser output at the central wavelengths of 1060 nm and 1080 nm was simultaneously achieved. The laser performance involving output power and spectral evolution of this dual-wavelength fiber laser were carefully compared and investigated under two different cascading configurations, including 1060-1080 and 1080-1060. The experimental results reveal that the 1060-1080 configuration was more favorable for the dual-wavelength fiber lasers to generate high-power and high-spectral-purity dual-wavelength laser compared to the 1080-1060 configuration. Furthermore, based on the 1060-1080 configuration, a continuous-wave dual-wavelength laser output at 1060 nm with 40.43 W and 1080 nm with 302.65 W was simultaneously achieved, with the nonlinear effect suppression over 40 dB at the maximum power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of 1 μm cascaded resonant cavity dual-wavelength fiber laser. This work offers a significant guidance for designing and implementing the high-power compactness dual-wavelength fiber laser within 1 μm spectral region.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10945714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient Polarization-Diversity Grating Coupler With Multipolar Radiation Mode Enhancement

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556127

Wu Zhou;Kaihang Lu;Shijie Kang;Xiaoxiao Wu;Yeyu Tong

{"title":"Efficient Polarization-Diversity Grating Coupler With Multipolar Radiation Mode Enhancement","authors":"Wu Zhou;Kaihang Lu;Shijie Kang;Xiaoxiao Wu;Yeyu Tong","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556127","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) diffraction gratings offer a polarization-independent coupling solution between the planar photonic chips and optical fibers, with advantages including placement flexibility, ease of fabrication, and tolerance to alignment errors. In this work, we first proposed and experimentally demonstrated a highly efficient 2D grating coupler enabled by exciting multipolar resonances through bi-level dielectric structures. A 70-nm shallow-etched hole array and a 160-nm-thick deposited polycrystalline silicon tooth array are employed in our proposed 2D grating coupler. Strong optical field confinement and enhanced radiation directionality can thus be attained through the use of 193-nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) lithography, which is readily accessible from commercial silicon photonics foundries. The measured experimental peak coupling efficiency is −2.54 dB with a minimum feature size of 180 nm. Due to the benefits of perfectly vertical coupling, the measured polarization-dependent loss in our experiments is below 0.3 dB within the 3-dB working bandwidth. Our proposed multipolar radiation mode enhanced 2D grating structure can also be applied to other integrated optics platforms, enabling an efficient and polarization-diversity coupling between optical fibers and photonic chips while reducing requirements on feature size.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10945688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Precision Joint Ranging Method Based on Pseudo-Random Code and Single-Tone Signal

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556135

Chaoyang Li;Zhiyong Lu;Jianfeng Sun;Fei Yang;Weibiao Chen

{"title":"High-Precision Joint Ranging Method Based on Pseudo-Random Code and Single-Tone Signal","authors":"Chaoyang Li;Zhiyong Lu;Jianfeng Sun;Fei Yang;Weibiao Chen","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3556135","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a laser joint ranging method, which integrates the pseudo-random code with the single-tone signal, is proposed for realizing high accuracy and precision. The single-tone signal utilizes a phase-shift method for high-precision ranging, while the pseudo-random code is employed to solve the distance ambiguity problem in the phase-shift method. The merging of the pseudo-random code with the single-tone signal in the digital domain and the data processing in the digital domain achieve simultaneous modulation and simultaneous ranging, which ensures the complete synchronization of the two signals during both transmission and processing. Furthermore, the pseudo-random code is band-limited, which ensures that the pseudo-random code signal and the single-tone signal do not overlap spectrally, thus preventing interference between them. The experimental results indicate that the ranging accuracy is 59.84 <inline-formula><tex-math>${bf mu m}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the ranging precision is 14.72 <inline-formula><tex-math>${bf mu m}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, the article analyzes the selection principles of single-tone signal and pseudo-random code, providing a reference for the selection of single-tone signal and pseudo-random code in this joint ranging method.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10945597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Investigation of Low-Resolution Coherent Optical Communication System with Low-Complexity Adaptive Equalizer

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3555482

Zhiyuan Chen;Xiangyong Dong;Jiaqi Gao;Zhenming Yu;Kun Xu

{"title":"Performance Investigation of Low-Resolution Coherent Optical Communication System with Low-Complexity Adaptive Equalizer","authors":"Zhiyuan Chen;Xiangyong Dong;Jiaqi Gao;Zhenming Yu;Kun Xu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3555482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3555482","url":null,"abstract":"Coherent optical communication systems are essential for modern high-speed data transmission. However, these systems face challenges related to high cost and complexity, especially in short-reach coherent optical communication systems. To address these issues, we present a low-resolution coherent optical communication system with low-complexity adaptive equalizer. The system's performance is evaluated in a 5 km 28 GBaud 16 QAM transmission scenario. The simulation results indicate that error-feedback noise shaping (EFNS) is highly effective in suppressing digital-to-analog converter (DAC) quantization noise, thereby reducing resolution demands on the DAC. Furthermore, the adaptive equalizer, based on a Stokes-domain depolarization scheme (SS-AEQ), achieves a 45% reduction in the complexity of the equalization algorithm. Compared with the 8-bit resolution DAC and the traditional 2 × 2 MIMO AEQ scheme, the system, employing 4-bit DAC for low-resolution transmission, achieves low-complexity equalization while maintaining comparable transmission performance.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10944222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Cladding-Pumped Device for Modal Gain Equilization Based on Rippled Few Mode Fiber

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3554555

Lu Dai;Yuanpeng Ding;Hui Zhang;Junjie Qi;Hongyan Shi;Jun Chu;Lei Zhang;Lei Shen;Zhaolong Liao;Shiqi Zhou;Jie Luo

{"title":"A Cladding-Pumped Device for Modal Gain Equilization Based on Rippled Few Mode Fiber","authors":"Lu Dai;Yuanpeng Ding;Hui Zhang;Junjie Qi;Hongyan Shi;Jun Chu;Lei Zhang;Lei Shen;Zhaolong Liao;Shiqi Zhou;Jie Luo","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3554555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3554555","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve mode-division multiplexing (MDM) for long-distance transmission, the development of signal amplifiers, such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), is crucial. As a solution for EDFA, cladding pump has gained attention due to its low cost and high gain. This paper presents a cladding pump coupler (CP) based on double cladding passive optical fiber (DCF), fabricated using the fused taper technique, which supports the transmission of four modes: LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP02. The optical loss of this device is less than 0.3 dB, and it does not introduce new crosstalk in the transmission line, ensuring excellent mode beam quality. The fabricated device is fusion-spliced with a four-mode erbium-doped fiber (EDF), achieving very low splice loss. The EDFA based on this device exhibits outstanding performance. In the C-band, it can achieve an average gain greater than 21.56 dB, with an average differential mode gain (DMG) of 1.42 dB. When amplifying four modes simultaneously, the gain exceeds 19.21 dB, the DMG is less than 2.51 dB, and the noise figure (NF) is less than 7.348 dB. This is of great significance for enabling long-distance signal transmission in mode-division multiplexing systems.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10938589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Single Waveguide Spectrometer via Defect Scattering

IF 2.1 4区工程技术

IEEE Photonics Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3554022

Xue Tong;Zhenning Zhao;Yunxian Zhong;Dong Lin;Zhuangzhuang Zhu;Qing Zhong;Jinping He

引用次数: 0