SeyedMohammad SeyedinNavadeh;Francesco Zanetto;Andres Ivan Martinez;Giorgio Ferrari;David A. B. Miller;Andrea Melloni;Francesco Morichetti
{"title":"Photonics Breakthroughs 2024: Arbitrary Mode Manipulation Using Reconfigurable Integrated Photonic Processors","authors":"SeyedMohammad SeyedinNavadeh;Francesco Zanetto;Andres Ivan Martinez;Giorgio Ferrari;David A. B. Miller;Andrea Melloni;Francesco Morichetti","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567203","url":null,"abstract":"Optical modes offer spatial degrees of freedom that can be exploited to implement advanced functionalities across various applications. Conventional photonic devices used for the manipulation of modes operate on predetermined families of eigenmodes of specific systems. Here, we report on a recent finding of our research, where we demonstrate that reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can automatically identify optimal communication modes through arbitrary systems, always ensuring maximum achievable power transmission and mutual orthogonality. Such modes are determined in situ without any precalculation or prior knowledge of the system. Our results extend the concepts and the range of applications of existing schemes for mode manipulation to more complex functionalities and realistic scenarios. We also address recent related works on reconfigurable PICs for generation and detection of arbitrary, structured, and random beams, with an overview of the main results achieved on the different free-space and guided-waves technologies. A discussion of the main limits of the presented approach and the potential implications in diverse and emerging application fields is provided.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10988667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan W. Pflug;Chloe Armstrong;Erin Raftery;Nusrat Jahan;William North;Luke Graham;Jim Tatum;Kent D. Choquette
{"title":"Enhanced Supermode Stability in Weakly Anti-Guided Dual-Cavity Photonic Crystal VCSEL Arrays","authors":"Dan W. Pflug;Chloe Armstrong;Erin Raftery;Nusrat Jahan;William North;Luke Graham;Jim Tatum;Kent D. Choquette","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566986","url":null,"abstract":"We report on 940 nm dual-cavity photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays fabricated at a commercial foundry. These arrays leverage an anti-guided design enabled by reduced electrical resistance between optically coupled cavities. Characterization of output power and far-field beam profiles reveals distinct in-phase and out-of-phase supermode operation across expanded regions of coherent operation. A maximum output power in either supermode exceeding 4 mW under continuous wave operation is achieved. An iterative analysis of the cross-talk currents highlights their role in stabilizing supermode operation by enabling inter-cavity current coupling. Our results demonstrate that these arrays provide robust and stable coherent supermode lasing using a wide range of current combinations. The ability to selectively operate in either distinct supermode, combining the output from two elements, positions these VCSEL arrays as promising candidates for high-brightness applications requiring efficient beam control.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10985754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Umbrella-Like Dual-Axis Mirror Scanner Fabricated With FDM 3D Printing and Its Application in Realizing a Dynamic FOV Camera","authors":"Ming-Te Chiang;Yi-Wen Cheng;Wei-An Tsui;Pin-Hung Yeh;Ching-Kai Shen;Jui-che Tsai","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3548534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3548534","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate a low-cost mirror scanner design of umbrella-like architecture. The primary structures are 3D-printed using PLA (polylactic acid) as the material. A 400 mm<sup>2</sup> aluminum–deposited silicon chip is fixed on the mirror frame, which is part of the 3D-printed assembly, and serves as the reflective mirror. Miniature permanent magnets are embedded in the mirror frame so that the mirror can then be electromagnetically driven. Our latest-version scanner reaches optical scan angles of 7.8 and 7.4 degrees for the x- and y-scans at their resonant frequencies (37 Hz and 49 Hz), respectively. Under DC actuation, a full optical scan range of 10.1 degrees in the x- direction can be achieved when the voltage is tuned from +12 V (+0.089 A) to −12 V (−0.089 A). Additionally, we will demonstrate its integration with a smart phone camera to achieve a dynamic FOV (field of view).","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10910126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enabling Chemical Holography: A Comprehensive Framework and Implementation","authors":"Shihao Ran;David Mayerich;Rohith Reddy","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567016","url":null,"abstract":"Mid-infrared spectroscopic imaging (MIRSI) enables the spatially-resolved identification of molecules and is widely used in fields ranging from biomedical diagnostics to forensics. Current MIRSI technologies measure the sample's extinction coefficient, which is only one component of the complex relative permittivity, and therefore provide incomplete molecular profiles. We propose a new framework and instrument to enable phase-sensitive <italic>chemical holography</i> that measures a sample's <italic>complex</i> molecular properties at any wavelength, thus overcoming a fundamental limit on molecular specificity. Combining a spatially coherent quantum cascade laser (QCL) source with an interferometer and imaging system can provide a phase-sensitive platform for molecular analysis. This paper describes a theoretical framework for chemical holography and demonstrates benefits for molecular specificity, improved spatial resolution, and greater flexibility. Deep learning is used to solve the inverse scattering problem for chemically heterogeneous samples modeled using Mie theory. Furthermore, we demonstrate new, custom-built instrumentation and experimental results that validate our theoretical framework.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10985816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel de Freitas Fernandes;Ignacio Llamas Garro;Joaquim Ferreira Martins Filho;Eduardo Fontana
{"title":"Tunable Diode Laser Plasmonic Grating Spectroscopy for Hydrogen Sensing","authors":"Gabriel de Freitas Fernandes;Ignacio Llamas Garro;Joaquim Ferreira Martins Filho;Eduardo Fontana","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3567000","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development of portable plasmonic embedded measurement systems represents a significant engineering challenge, aimed at delivering the high sensitivities observed in devices based on such physical phenomena to field applications. This work proposes the Tunable Diode Laser Plasmonic Grating Spectroscopy technique to achieve a system architecture in which narrower resonances observed in metallic diffraction gratings enable the spectral detection of analytes. The primary application investigated is hydrogen sensing using Palladium (Pd) and Niobium (Nb) hydride-forming structures. Analytical and numerical simulations are employed to assess the influence of hydrogen gas presence on the metal dielectric function and structural parameters. It is demonstrated that highly linear detection can be achieved using spectral detection systems, and in the case of a Nb grating on a flexible substrate, a theoretical 55 ppm limit of detection is attainable.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10985777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonics Breakthroughs 2024: Nonlinear Photonic Computing at Scale","authors":"Hao Wang;Jianqi Hu;Andrea Morandi;Alfonso Nardi;Fei Xia;Xuanchen Li;Romolo Savo;Qiang Liu;Rachel Grange;Sylvain Gigan","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3547948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3547948","url":null,"abstract":"A photonic neural network utilizes photons instead of electrons to process information, with the prospect of higher computing efficiency, lower power consumption, and reduced latency. This paper reviews several recent breakthroughs in large-scale photonic neural networks incorporating nonlinear operations. Specifically, we highlight our recent work, which leverages multiple light scattering and second harmonic generation in a slab of disordered lithium niobate nanocrystals for high-performance nonlinear photonic computing. The interplay of these optical effects not only enhances the computational capabilities of photonic neural networks but also increases the number of photonic computing operations. In addition, we discuss current challenges and outline future directions of nonlinear photonic computing. These advancements pave the way for exploring new frontiers in optical computing, unlocking opportunities for innovative experimental implementations, broad applications, and theoretical foundations of photonic neural networks.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10909496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
He Wang;Yifeng Yang;Kaiyuan Wang;Qianhe Shao;Xinyu Duan;Xiaolong Chen;Kai Liu;Xiaoqiang Xiong;Junqing Meng;Bing He
{"title":"SBS Suppression Capability of Optimized Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence Phase Modulation in Multi-Stage Fiber Amplifiers","authors":"He Wang;Yifeng Yang;Kaiyuan Wang;Qianhe Shao;Xinyu Duan;Xiaolong Chen;Kai Liu;Xiaoqiang Xiong;Junqing Meng;Bing He","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566278","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the capability to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a high-power all-fiber laser amplifier system using filtered and amplified pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) phase modulation techniques. Based on the time-dependent three-wave coupled SBS interaction equations in an amplifier model consisting of active fiber and passive fiber and spectral calculation of phase modulation, we numerically simulate the dependence of the normalized SBS threshold and the root-mean-square (RMS) linewidth on both the filter cutoff frequency and the phase modulation depth for filtered and amplified PRBS phase modulation at a fixed clock rate with different pattern lengths. PRBS9 is superior to other investigated patterns. A set of optimal pattern lengths, RMS modulation depths, and the ratio of the filter cutoff frequency to the clock rate are determined. Specific time-domain details of the variation of the RF signal with experimentally measured RMS modulation depth are shown. The dependence of different time-domain waveforms and their corresponding spectra and SBS thresholds on the RMS modulation depth is illustrated by theoretical predictions and experimental measurements, and the optimal value of the RMS modulation depth is demonstrated. Then, both the RMS linewidth of the optical spectra and the maximum normalized SBS threshold under the optimized parameters increase linearly with clock rate. While, with the further increase of the clock rate to ∼14 GHz, the SBS threshold reaches a saturation point when the maximum effective spectral linewidth is reached, where the spectral line spacing is half of the FWHM Brillouin linewidth, and the optimal spectral line spacing is not affected by the fiber length of the system. Eventually, a laser power output of 2.78 kW at an FWHM linewidth of 9.95 GHz is experimentally obtained.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10981633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artem Prokoshin;Michael Gehl;Scott Madaras;Weng W. Chow;Yating Wan
{"title":"Photonics Breakthroughs 2024: Narrow-Linewidth Lasers in the Visible and Near-Infrared","authors":"Artem Prokoshin;Michael Gehl;Scott Madaras;Weng W. Chow;Yating Wan","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3566268","url":null,"abstract":"Narrow-linewidth lasers enable a variety of high-precision applications, such as sensing, optical clocks, and microwave frequency generation. Advances in photonic integration in the last decade led to the development of ultra-low-noise integrated semiconductor lasers, mostly in the telecom wavelength range. In recent years, the demand for high-performance lasers at shorter wavelengths skyrocketed, driven by applications in sensing and atom trapping. Low-noise lasers are of particular importance in this spectral range, as they are essential for optical clocks. Here, we will review recent progress in narrow-linewidth lasers at shorter wavelengths, present results on a hybrid-integrated low-noise laser at 780 nm and discuss the perspectives and challenges of high-performance semiconductor lasers in the visible and near-infrared.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10981617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of an Abnormal Noise Location Over Multi-Span Optical Fiber Link Based on Nonlinear Fourier Transform","authors":"Takumi Motomura;Akihiro Maruta;Hideaki Shimpo;Ken Mishina","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3546093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3546093","url":null,"abstract":"In the next-generation optical fiber networks, in addition to ultra-high speed and high capacity, early recovery from disasters and failures is required to realize highly reliable networks. Recently, various methods for estimating abnormal locations using coherent receivers and digital signal processing have been proposed. This research proposes the application of nonlinear Fourier transform (NFT) for detecting abnormality. Particularly, we explore a method for estimating the abnormal noise location by monitoring the variances and covariance of the discrete eigenvalues in the NFT. The feasibility and characteristics of the proposed method are investigated through numerical simulations. For the details of the proposed method, we investigate the dependency of the eigenvalue configuration of signals, which is used for abnormality detection. Moreover, we confirm that the proposed method remains effective with variations in the noise level and the location of the abnormal noise. Ultimately, the proposed method achieves a kilometer-order estimation accuracy by employing appropriate parameters. In addition, we demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to the case where the launch optical power is shifted from the optimum or an optical fiber link with a different span length.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10904226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generation of Random Microwave Pulse Based on Random Optoelectronic Oscillator","authors":"Junfeng Ren;Ping Li;Chenyang Ma;Zhengyang Xie;Xin Zhao;Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3543866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3543866","url":null,"abstract":"Optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is a high-quality microwave source that can generate various forms of microwave signals, and structures for generating complex signals using OEO are constantly being proposed. We propose an OEO-based microwave pulse generation system where each sub-pulse is composed of random signal. The random fiber bragg gratings(R-FBG) were introduced to generate the random signal by using the OEO vibration characteristics. The output characteristics of the OEO loop are then modified by modulation of the bias voltage, thereby changing the output characteristics of the OEO loop. Finally, the present OEO system generates random microwave pulse signals with adjustable pulse envelopes, adjustable duty cycles and adjustable repetition rates.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10896803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}