{"title":"Athermal Tantalum Pentoxide Mach-Zehnder Interferometers Based on Structural Compensation Method","authors":"Mingjian You;Zhenyu Liu;Weiren Cheng;Xingyu Tang;Ning Ding;Zhengqi Li;Min Wang;Li Shen;Qiancheng Zhao","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534244","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based (MZI) athermal photonic devices using the structural compensation method. Unlike previous structural compensation studies that were applied on the thermal sensitive materials such as silicon, this work is implemented in tantalum pentoxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) platform whose thermo-optic coefficient is low. This allows us to achieve ultra-athermalized filters by combining the structural compensation method and the material's own thermo-optic properties. Two types of devices are proposed: the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) and the ring-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometer (RMZI). The temperature-dependent wavelength shift (TDWS) of the AMZI device is only 1.98 pm/K around 1550 nm which is 4.6 times smaller than a regular MZI. The TDWS remains below 2.23 pm/K across a broad bandwidth from 1480 nm to 1580 nm. By breaking the linear dependence between the wavelength shift and the temperature change, the maximum resonance drift can be restricted by using a ring-coupled MZI. Owning to Fano effect, the transmission spectrum of the RMZI device exhibits an oscillating behavior when facing temperature changes. This work proves the effectiveness of structural compensation method on an already low thermo-optic photonic platform, paving the way towards realization of ultra-athermal integrated optical filters in a low-loss and CMOS-compatible platform.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sacha Grelet;Alejandro Martinez Jimenez;Patrick B. Montague;Adrian Podoleanu
{"title":"Shot-Noise Limited, 10 MHz Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography for Retinal Imaging","authors":"Sacha Grelet;Alejandro Martinez Jimenez;Patrick B. Montague;Adrian Podoleanu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534424","url":null,"abstract":"Akinetic swept-sources are essential for high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Time-stretched supercontinuum (TSSC) lasers have proven to be efficient for multi-MHz swept-sources. However, lack of low-noise broadband lasers and of large dispersion devices in the water low-absorption band at 1060 nm have limited the biomedical applications of TSSC lasers. In this letter, an approach to tune the wavelength around 1050 nm over 90 nm with low-noise at 10 MHz is presented. This is based on all-normal dispersion (ANDi) supercontinuum dynamics, and employs a long chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) to time-stretch a broadband pulse with a duty cycle of 93% . Retinal images are demonstrated, with a sensitivity of 84 dB - approaching the shot noise limit. We believe this high-speed low-noise swept-source will greatly promote the development of OCT techniques for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissipative Soliton Generation in a Phase-Biased All-PM Fiber Oscillator in the Normal-Dispersion Regime","authors":"Yuxian Zhang;Guanyun Ding;Guanyu Liu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534331","url":null,"abstract":"We numerically and experimentally demonstrate a phase-biased fiber oscillator with all-polarization-maintaining (all-PM) fibers. Through theoretical analysis, it is demonstrated that incorporating a non-reciprocal phase shifter improves the self-starting capability of the designed fiber laser. Moreover, the phase shifter in the all-PM laser configuration helps boost the repetition rate and further enhances the environmental stability. Numerical simulations are conducted for the proposed fiber laser operating in the normal-dispersion regime to investigate the spectral and temporal characteristics and the build-up dynamics. Experimentally, by manipulating the separation of the intra-cavity grating pair for dispersion compensation, this simple and novel Ytterbium-doped fiber laser delivers ultrashort pulses featuring a pulse duration of 1.81 ps, operating at a repetition rate of 44.4 MHz in the 1030 nm band. The delivered pulses are compressed externally using a grating pair, achieving a minimum pulse duration of 174 fs. We believe the proposed fiber oscillator provides a robust pulsed light source for numerous optical applications such as micromachining or optical frequency comb generation.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of Coherent Optical MPSK in Underwater Turbulent Channels With Phase Errors","authors":"Jiashun Hu;Yuexiang Wu;Sunan Wang;Weiqiang Wu;Zaichen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3534258","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to intensity modulation with direct detection, coherent detection offers superior receiver sensitivity, higher spectral efficiency, and better background noise suppression. However, research on coherent detection in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems is relatively limited. This paper investigates the average bit error rate (BER) performance of coherent UWOC systems employing different phase-shift keying schemes in the presence of phase errors. The underwater turbulent channel is characterized by the mixture exponential-generalized gamma distribution, taking into account the impact of pointing errors as well. Phase errors are modeled by a Gaussian distribution. Specifically, we first derive the average BER expressions for <inline-formula><tex-math>$M$</tex-math></inline-formula>-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) under ideal carrier phase estimation. Then, we derive the exact average BER expressions for binary phase-shift keying and quadrature phase-shift keying, as well as tight approximations for MPSK, considering the influence of phase errors. Additionally, we provide asymptotic BER expressions in the high signal-to-noise ratio region and the BER floor expression. Finally, these expressions are validated through Monte Carlo simulations.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10854612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement Research of Free-form Lens Optical Parameters Based on Transmission Fringe Deflectometry","authors":"Xiaoxiao Wei;Xiaobing He;Zhenqiu Dai;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3533589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3533589","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a measurement system based on the transmission fringe deflectometry, which is designed to facilitate the rapid attainment of the free-form lens optical parameters, including spherical power, cylindrical power, and prismatic power. In this paper, we analyze the principle of transmission fringe deflectometry. The key technology, camera calibration, and phase unwrapping techniques are introduced in detail. A single-focus lens is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fringe deflection algorithm. Then the optical parameters calculation models of free-form lens, such as progressive lens, is presented and the detection results are given. Moreover, the results of the proposed fringe deflection algorithm are in close agreement with those obtained from simulations and the FFV interferometer. The error of free-form lens measured in this paper is less than 0.02D. The experimental outcomes validate the efficacy of the method, suggesting the potential for its application in the mass measurement of optical parameters for free-form lenses.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10852026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Inversion Probability Tunable Sequence Phase Modulation for SBS Suppression in Fiber System","authors":"Qianhe Shao;Yifeng Yang;He Wang;Haowei Xia;Jingshuai Ma;Chenxiang Qian;Junqing Meng","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532907","url":null,"abstract":"Phase modulation optical spectral broadening has been widely used as an effective stimulated Brillouin scattering suppressing scheme in narrow linewidth fiber amplifiers. In particular, tunable inversion probability sequence (p-tunable sequence) phase modulation effectively optimizes the spectral envelope, improving the SBS threshold in a monolithic narrow linewidth fiber amplifier. This paper theoretically and experimentally investigates the SBS suppression capability of p-tunable phase modulation. Firstly, we introduce a theoretical model to illustrate, for the first time, the temporal and spectral properties of light waves that have been phase-modulated by a p-tunable sequence. An optimization scheme for parameter selection of p-tunable sequence phase modulation is established by calculating the SBS threshold. Meanwhile, we establish a three-stage fiber amplifier system with p-tunable phase modulation to verify our theory. The output power is 2390 W with an FWHM optical linewidth of 10 GHz. Compared to the pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) case, this scheme increases the output power by 700 W at 10 GHz FWHM optical linewidth.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiachen Yu;Yiying Gu;Pengyuan Huang;Shuai Zu;Jiaqi Wang;Xiaozhou Li;Mingshan Zhao;Jingjing Hu
{"title":"Tunable Multi-Band Linear Frequency Modulated Waveforms Generation Based on Self-Subharmonic Modulating of Optically Injected Semiconductor Laser","authors":"Jiachen Yu;Yiying Gu;Pengyuan Huang;Shuai Zu;Jiaqi Wang;Xiaozhou Li;Mingshan Zhao;Jingjing Hu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532894","url":null,"abstract":"A tunable multi-band linear frequency modulated microwave waveform generating system based on photonic approach is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this system, a semiconductor laser is optically injected in period-one oscillation state. The optical injection signal, modulated by the period-one signal via a photodetector, subharmonically modulates the laser, enhancing waveform stability. The modulated laser period is set as an integer multiple of cavity delay to approach Fourier domain mode-locking, simultaneously boosting signals across frequencies and times. The generated waveform can be tuned to generate either a unidirectional chirped or a bidirectional reciprocal chirped linear frequency modulated signal, and its center frequency and bandwidth can be easily adjusted.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yifan Bai;Bo Xiao;Chunyang Wang;Ke Chen;Linzhe Deng;Siling Huang;Xuelian Liu
{"title":"Research on Deterministic Ring Removal Method for Full-Aperture Double-Sided Polishing of Large Aperture Optical Components","authors":"Yifan Bai;Bo Xiao;Chunyang Wang;Ke Chen;Linzhe Deng;Siling Huang;Xuelian Liu","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532902","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issues in polishing medium and large aperture optical components, which are reliant on the personal experience of processing personnel and exhibit poor controllability, this study conducted a comprehensive examination of the polishing process for these planar optical components. This article constructs a processing prediction model for large-diameter ring pendulum double-sided polishing equipment. Based on this, a simulation of the theoretical removal amount distribution of ring-pendulum double sided polishing was conducted to ascertain the relationship between various process parameters and their impact on the surface removal amount distribution of the component. Based on the obtained relationship, a decision support system for the process parameters of ring-pendulum double sided polishing was developed, which achieved the deterministic removal of rings in medium and large aperture planar optical components and reduced the dependence of ring pendulum double-sided polishing on the personal experience of process decision-makers. After experimental verification, the characteristics of the simulation results of the processing prediction model were consistent with the actual processing results. The developed process parameter decision assistance system was used to make process parameter decisions for two 430 * 430 mm fused quartz components, achieving the removal of the target ring of the components. The surface figure accuracy of the two components has been processed from 3.09λ and 3.5λ to 1.53λ and 1.79λ, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryophotonics: Experimental Validation of a SOA Model Down to Cryogenic Temperatures","authors":"Maeva Franco;Lydia Kacel;Edwin Fontenelle;Pascal Morel;Thierry Rampone;Arnaud Gardelein;Ammar Sharaiha","doi":"10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2025.3532834","url":null,"abstract":"Cryophotonics is a promising way of boosting state-of-the-art photonic components using cryogenic temperatures. In this work, in addition to confirm our experimental results with measurements on another component, we present a theoretical analysis of SOA behavior at cryogenic temperatures. Based on the obtained experimental results, we expand the SOA model range by introducing temperature dependence on the main SOA physical parameters such as band gap energy level, recombination coefficients, internal losses and effective electron and holes masses. The model is applicable over a wide temperature range from ambient down to cryogenic temperatures. A qualitative agreement is found between simulations and experiments. The comparisons are given down to 70 K in terms of gain spectrum, saturation output power and noise figure which demonstrate the effectiveness of the model.","PeriodicalId":13204,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10849768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}