IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"A new two-hit animal model for schizophrenia research: Consequences on social behavior","authors":"Kristina Hakenova ,&nbsp;Anna Mikulecka ,&nbsp;Kristina Holubova ,&nbsp;Marketa Chvojkova ,&nbsp;Romana Slamberova ,&nbsp;Jana Jurcovicova ,&nbsp;Barbora Cechova ,&nbsp;Silvester Ponist ,&nbsp;Jiri Horacek ,&nbsp;Karel Vales","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia, a profoundly impactful neuropsychiatric disorder, has been the subject of extensive research using animal models. However, certain important aspects remain understudied, including assumed long-term consequences of psychotic episodes on negative symptoms development and progression. Addressing these limitations, we proposed a novel animal model in male rats based on early postnatal immune activation triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), serving as the predisposing factor (1st hit). As the 2nd hit, representing psychotic-like episodes, we implemented a multi-episodic co-treatment with dizocilpine (MK-801) and amphetamine (AMP), spanning multiple developmental periods. The animals were tested in two social behavioral assays in adolescence and adulthood to investigate whether a social deficit would arise. In addition, we evaluated the level of oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide relevant to social behavior, in selected brain regions. In the social interaction test, when animals could freely interact in the open field and express their social behavioral profile entirely, social behavior decreased in adolescent experimental animals. In the social approach test in the Y maze, all animals, irrespective of treatment, preferred conspecific over an indifferent object and novel rat over a familiar rat. Further, the results revealed that the OT content in the hypothalamus increased with age. In the proposed model, social interaction in the open field was decreased in adolescent but not in adult rats, indicating that the pharmacological manipulations caused only transient age-dependent changes. The study was thus in certain aspects successful in creating a novel approach to model social deficit potentially relevant to schizophrenia; other findings require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHPG's role in regulating apoptosis in heat-stressed microglia through endoplasmic reticulum stress: A new perspective☆","authors":"Yan-xuan He ,&nbsp;Zhi-qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin-xin Zheng ,&nbsp;Fan Huang ,&nbsp;Guoxin He ,&nbsp;Xi-chong Yu ,&nbsp;An-cong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to explore the influence of microglia-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on cell apoptosis during heat stroke. Understanding this is important as it may help develop new therapies for heat-induced cellular damage and protect glial cells and brain health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BV-2 cells were used as a cell model for this study. The negative control group was kept at 37°C throughout the experiment. Cells in the experimental group were pretreated with 1 mM CHPG (a selective mGluR5 agonist) for 0.5 hours, followed by heat shock (HS) for 0.5 hours at 40°C and then further cultivation at 37°C for 12 hours. The positive control cells underwent same condition except for drug pretreatment. Several assays were used including CCK8 assay for cell viability, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis index, immunofluorescence for the expression of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12, as well as Western blotting for detecting the protein expression level of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Heat shock induced a significant release of endoplasmic reticulum-related proteins and increased the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and Caspase-12 in BV-2 cells. CHPG was found to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CHPG may primarily participate in heat shock by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress and affecting microglia apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 823-829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Wernicke’s encephalopathy mimics stroke: A case report of atypical thalamic involvement","authors":"Govind Singh Mann MBBS ,&nbsp;Neeti Ajay Gupta MD ,&nbsp;Nitin Jain MD, DM","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (WE) is a metabolic disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, most commonly linked to chronic alcohol use. It typically presents with a triad of ataxia, mental confusion, and oculomotor abnormalities, with classic MRI findings showing symmetric hyperintensities in the mammillary bodies, thalamus, and periaqueductal region. The authors report a case of a 55-year-old male with WE presenting atypical unilateral thalamic hyperintensities on MRI, initially misdiagnosed as ischemic stroke. Delayed thiamine supplementation led to significant clinical improvement and resolution of atypical findings, with subsequent emergence of traditional bilateral WE changes on MRI. This case emphasizes the importance of early thiamine therapy and demonstrates that treatment can still be beneficial even when delayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"19 ","pages":"Pages 50-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of neuroinflammation on the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and its significant ramifications for novel anti-inflammatory treatments","authors":"Pritam Kamila ,&nbsp;Koyel Kar ,&nbsp;Sailee Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Priyanka Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Ria Dutta ,&nbsp;Sowmiya S ,&nbsp;Ankul Singh S ,&nbsp;Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as a disorder not solely of amyloid and tau accumulation but also of chronic immune dysregulation. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of neuroinflammation, characterized by sustained activation of microglia and astrocytes, cytokine release, and inflammasome activation in accelerating AD progression. Genome-wide studies have further identified key inflammatory genes and immune pathways associated with increased disease risk. This review critically evaluates the mechanistic underpinnings of neuroinflammation in AD, focusing on glial cell behavior, immune signaling, and their contribution to neuronal dysfunction. Importantly, the review highlights recent advances in anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches, including modulators of IL-1β, TNF-α, TREM2, and CB2 pathways. By integrating mechanistic and therapeutic insights, this work underscores the potential of immunomodulatory strategies as viable interventions in AD and provides a novel framework for future research in targeted anti-neuroinflammatory treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 771-782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginsenoside C-K inhibits Aβ oligomer-induced Alzheimer's disease pathology progression by regulating microglia-neuron interactions","authors":"Chenghu Xie ,&nbsp;Cunxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Kefeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Current therapeutic agents primarily focus on symptom alleviation and fail to effectively halt disease progression. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies, particularly those involving natural active compounds with multi-target actions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the intervention effects and multi-target regulatory mechanisms of Ginsenoside C-K (GCK) on β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomer-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>BV2 microglia and HT22 neurons were used as in vitro models. Cell viability was measured via CCK-8 assay, cell migration ability assessed by scratch assay, and apoptosis rate analyzed using Annexin V/PI dual staining. A conditioned medium (CM) strategy was employed to validate microglia-neuron interactions. Western blot was performed to detect key NF-κB signaling pathway proteins (p-IκBα, p-p65) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GCK pretreatment significantly ameliorated Aβ₁₋₄₂ oligomer-induced BV2 cell dysfunction (viability recovery rate &gt;80 %, p &lt; 0.01), suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α reduced by 62.3 %, IL-1β by 57.8 %), and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation (p-IκBα/p-p65 expression downregulated &gt;50 %). In HT22 neurons, GCK directly counteracted Aβ toxicity (apoptosis rate decreased from 38.7 % to 15.2 %) and exerted indirect neuroprotection by modulating microglia-derived conditioned medium (CM2 group showed a 2.1-fold increase in neuronal viability compared to CM1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GCK mitigates AD pathology through dual mechanisms-direct inhibition of Aβ neurotoxicity and indirect regulation of microglial homeostasis-with NF-κB signaling suppression as a core mechanism. This study provides new experimental evidence for natural product-based multi-target AD therapies, though further animal studies are required to validate its in vivo efficacy and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 783-793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on structural imaging changes and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in individuals with white matter hyperintensities, combining imaging techniques with biomarker analysis","authors":"Meini Wu ,&nbsp;Zihao Li ,&nbsp;Yuhang Ren ,&nbsp;Siou Li ,&nbsp;Weina Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Xing ,&nbsp;Jiangnan Yi ,&nbsp;Fengze Zhao ,&nbsp;Changhao Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To elucidate the association between serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and structural brain alterations in individuals exhibiting white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), as well as to investigate the potential utility of serum NfL as a predictive biomarker for the progression of WMH.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 151 subjects were included in the study, among whom 117 demonstrated the presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We assessed the relationship between changes in serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and alterations in brain volume across three distinct groups. Additionally, we analyzed trends in brain structural changes and serum NfL level variations within the population exhibiting varying severities of WMHs, exploring the correlation between these two variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Serum NfL levels were significantly elevated in individuals with WMHs compared to those with none-low WMHs (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, higher serum NfL levels were observed in individuals with severe-moderate WMHs compared to those with mild WMHs (p &lt; 0.01). Within the mild WMHs group, serum NfL levels exhibited a negative correlation with gray matter volume. In contrast, within the severe to moderate WMHs group, serum NfL levels were negatively correlated with both gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis indicated the presence of gray matter atrophy in several brain regions when comparing the none-low WMHs group with the severe to moderate WMHs group, as well as when comparing the mild WMHs group with the severe-moderate WMHs group. However, no significant differences were observed in the comparison between the none to low WMHs group and the mild WMHs group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Serum NfL levels have been observed to rise in conjunction with the increasing severity of WMH and show a correlation with gray matter atrophy in individuals exhibiting WMHs. These levels are anticipated to serve as a biological marker for predicting the progression of WMH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 794-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governor Vessel combined with local acupoints electroacupuncture improves the therapeutic effect of nerve conduit transplantation bridging long segment defects of the median nerve","authors":"Yu Cheng ,&nbsp;Fanqi Meng ,&nbsp;Zhanmou Liang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenya Pei ,&nbsp;Jingwen Ruan ,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Lu ,&nbsp;Ying Ding ,&nbsp;Guanheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nerve defect is a relatively serious injury in peripheral nerve injury, which often leads to the neuron apoptosis of the corresponding spinal cord segment and the difficulty of long-distance regeneration of the damaged nerve fibers, collectively resulting in poor recovery of nerve function after surgery. All experimental rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Control, Conduit, Local acupoints electroacupuncture (EA) (Local-EA), and governor vessel (GV) combined with local acupoints electroacupuncture (GV+Local-EA) groups. A 10-mm defect model was established in the left median nerve, and a chitosan nerve conduit was used to bridge the defect. After 4 weeks, nerve regeneration and functional recovery were evaluated using immunofluorescence histochemistry, behavioral assays, and electrophysiological measurements. Results showed that the GV+Local-EA group exhibited significantly elevated the number of ChAT-positive motor neurons and enhanced the GDNF expression within the C8 spinal cord anterior horn compared with other experimental groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the density of NF-positive nerve fibers and S100β-positive Schwann cells in the middle and distal parts of the transplanted conduits was significantly higher in the GV+Local-EA group than in other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The behavioral improvements and the median nerve conduction complex action potential were significantly better in the GV+Local-EA group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that GV combined with local acupoints electroacupuncture can prevent the loss of spinal motor neurons and upregulating the GDNF expression, and then facilitates the regeneration of damaged median nerve fibers along the Schwann cell-formed Bungner band toward the distal end, thereby accelerating functional recovery of the affected forelimb and demonstrating superior therapeutic efficacy compared with conventional local acupoint protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 814-822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to screen susceptible rats and efficacy of an antidepressive treatment after chronic stress","authors":"Kenji B. Valencia-Flores ,&nbsp;Yahel Vidal-de-laO ,&nbsp;Diana Paz-Trejo ,&nbsp;Hugo Sánchez-Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic stress during life has been considered a risk factor for the development of psychiatric illness in humans. Chronic unpredictable stress battery (CUSB) is an animal model to study depression through stress exposition in rodents. CUSB induces depression and anxiety behavioral markers that could be modulated with fluoxetine an antidepressant treatment. However, it is well known that not all subjects develop depression-like behaviors or do not respond to antidepressant treatments. The way to screen these individual differences in susceptibility to stress or the efficacy of antidepressant therapy in depression models is not well studied. Here we show that saccharine consumption, immobility and time spent in the center of the area could be useful as behavioral markers for screening susceptibility to stress and depression, also we show that fluoxetine treatment had different efficacy depending on the age when the stress occurred. First, we found that after CUSB (during adolescence, adulthood, or both) rodents show depression and anxiety profiles. Second, we found that fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) could recover depression but no anxiety profile in all the groups exposed to stress. Finally, we use the machine learning clustering method (k-means), to classify the subjects in all groups based on the individual effects modulated by stress exposure and antidepressant treatment to find the ratio of stress effects and pharmacological efficacy. Using altered behaviors as classifiers, we found three possible clusters, (1) Without alterations, (2) Moderated anxiety and depression profile (3) Serious anxiety and depression profile, suggesting two groups of susceptible animals with different intensities of altered behavior. Also, fluoxetine could change the ratio of rats previously classified in groups 2 or 3, showing the beneficial effects of antidepressant treatment. Our results demonstrate that CUSB has different consequences even in subjects that experienced the same stress protocol. Also, fluoxetine has different efficacy in recovering behavior associated with the age of exposure to stress. Finally, we suggest k-means as an easy and useful method to apply in susceptible rodent studies of depression and to study the individual efficacy of antidepressant treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 803-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental restraint: A hidden risk factor for stress-induced depression in rats","authors":"Hiroko Mochizuki-Kawai ,&nbsp;Seita Nakazawa ,&nbsp;Hideaki Oike ,&nbsp;Hiromi Kimoto ,&nbsp;Satoru Tomita ,&nbsp;Michimasa Toyoshima ,&nbsp;Tingbi Xiong ,&nbsp;Kazuo Yamada","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known about the impact of environmental restraint, characterized by limited space and a lack of stimulating elements, on adult mental and physical health. We examined the influence of environmental restraint on depression-like behaviors and physical status in rats, and the potential mitigating effects of <em>Lactococcus cremoris</em> H61 as a beneficial bacterium. Rats subjected to environmental restraint exhibited prolonged maladaptive immobility in the forced swim test without showing changes in body weight, locomotion, or social motivation. Daily activities remained unaffected. These findings suggest that environmental restraint may be a covert risk factor for stress-induced depression, potentially alleviated by supplementation with strain H61.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 754-758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging neuro-biomarkers and MR imaging: The synergistic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in early CNS disease diagnosis","authors":"Mohammad Ghaderian ,&nbsp;Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei ,&nbsp;Safoora Nikzad ,&nbsp;Elnaz Didehban ,&nbsp;Hossein Hafezi ,&nbsp;Ismail Laher ,&nbsp;Fahime Hossein Beigi ,&nbsp;Saghar Shahbazi-Gahrouei ,&nbsp;Tahereh Boustani","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular neuroimaging is a powerful and emerging tool for the early detection and monitoring of central nervous system (CNS)-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnostic accuracy, prognosis, and treatment efficacy. Among these, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein, serves as a key indicator of astrocytic activation and neuroaxonal injury. Elevated levels of GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood-based samples (serum/plasma) are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers for neurodegeneration and CNS pathology. Advanced molecular imaging techniques, including Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI), along with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provide visual scoring, local morphometry, and volumetric analysis. Therefore, integrating GFAP with neuroimaging modalities offers the potential to improve disease characterization, allowing for accurate spatial mapping of neurodegeneration and monitoring of disease progression at a molecular level. The relationship between MRI and GFAP is currently under evaluation. This review explores the interplay between GFAP and molecular neuroimaging, highlighting their combined potential to enhance early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of CNS disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 739-753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}