IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Retinal inputs that drive optomotor responses of mice under mesopic conditions","authors":"CL Barta ,&nbsp;WB Thoreson","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optomotor responses are a popular way to assess sub-cortical visual responses in mice. We studied photoreceptor inputs into optomotor circuits using genetically-modified mice lacking the exocytotic calcium sensors synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) and 7 (Syt7) in rods or cones. We also tested mice that in which cone transducin, GNAT2, had been eliminated. We studied spatial frequency sensitivity under mesopic conditions by varying the spatial frequency of a grating rotating at 12 deg/s and contrast sensitivity by varying luminance contrast of 0.2c/deg gratings. We found that eliminating Syt1 from rods reduced responses to a low spatial frequency grating (0.05c/deg) consistent with low resolution in this pathway. Conversely, eliminating the ability of cones to respond to light (by eliminating GNAT2) or transmit light responses (by selectively eliminating Syt1) showed weaker responses to a high spatial frequency grating (3c/deg). Eliminating Syt7 from the entire optomotor pathway in a global knockout had no significant effect on optomotor responses. We isolated the secondary rod pathway involving transmission of rod responses to cones via gap junctions by simultaneously eliminating Syt1 from rods and GNAT2 from cones. We found that the secondary rod pathway is sufficient to drive robust optomotor responses under mesopic conditions. Finally, eliminating Syt1 from both rods and cones almost completely abolished optomotor responses, but we detected weak responses to large, bright rotating gratings that are likely driven by input from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000654/pdfft?md5=6db4139a6635817ee84996a24a479e5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects silymarin and rosuvastatin on amyloid-carriers level in dyslipidemic Alzheimer’s patients: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","authors":"Auob Rustamzadeh ,&nbsp;Nader Sadigh ,&nbsp;Zahra Vahabi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khamseh ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Mohebi ,&nbsp;Zahra Ghobadi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Moradi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The production/excretion rate of Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the basis of the plaque burden in alzheimer's disease (AD), which depends on both central and peripheral clearance. In this study, the effect of silymarin and rosuvastatin on serum markers and clinical outcomes in dyslipidemic AD patients was investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants (n=36) were randomized to silymarin (140 mg), placebo, and rosuvastatin 10 mg orally three times a day for 6 months. Serum collection and clinical outcome tests were performed at baseline and after completion of treatment. Lipid profile markers, oxidative stress markers, Aβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 ratio, and Soluble Low-density lipoprotein receptor-Related Protein-1 (sLRP1)/Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) ratio were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a statistically significant increase in Δ-high density lipoprotein (ΔHDL) between silymarin and placebo (P&lt;0.000) and also between rosuvastatin and placebo (p=0.044). The level of Δ-triglycerides (ΔTG) in the silymarin group has a significant decrease compared to both the placebo and the rosuvastatin group (p&lt;0.000 and p=0.036, respectively). The Δ-superoxide dismutase (ΔSOD) level in the silymarin group compared to placebo and rosuvastatin had a significant increase (p&lt;0.000 and p=0.008, respectively). The ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 in the silymarin group compared to both the placebo and rosuvastatin groups had a significant increase (p&lt;0.05). There was an inverse relationship between ΔTG and ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 (p=-0.493 and p=0.004). ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 has a direct statistical relationship with ΔSOD marker (p=0.388 and p=0.031). Also, there was a direct correlation between the level of ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 and ΔsLRP1/sRAGE (p=0.491 and p=0.005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study showed the relationship between plasma lipids, especially ΔTG and ΔHDL, with ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 in dyslipidemic AD patients, and modulation of these lipid factors can be used to monitor the response to treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 108-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000642/pdfft?md5=cd33b6fe2f8eede7020946b3c31a0677&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in mice: Age and subregion differences","authors":"Dong Huang,&nbsp;Maolin Li,&nbsp;Zhifei Qiao,&nbsp;Hongli Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Cai,&nbsp;Xiaolong Li,&nbsp;Zuo Zhang,&nbsp;Jiyin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescence is an important phase for the structural and functional development of the brain. The immaturity of adolescent brain development is associated with high susceptibility to exogenous disturbances, including alcohol. In this study, the acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent mice by alcohol (2 g/kg) and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV⁺ interneurons), oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OPCs), and myelination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed. We aim to determine the age- and subregional-specificity of the effects of alcohol. Alcohol (2 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on even days, and saline was injected intraperitoneally on odd days. The control group received a continuous intraperitoneal injection with saline. Differences in alcohol-induced CPP acquisition were assessed, followed by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed a pronounced CPP acquisition in 4- and 5-week-old mice. In the mPFC, there were reduced PV⁺ interneurons and OPCs in 3-week-old mice and reduced oligodendrocyte numbers in 4-week-old mice. The 5-week-old mice showed impaired myelination and a decrease in the number of PV⁺ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC. Since the alterations in 5-week-old mice are more pronounced, we further explored the mPFC-associated subregional-specificity. In the alcohol-exposed mice, the oligodendrocyte numbers were decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), PV⁺ interneuron numbers were declined in the prelimbic cortex (PL), and the number of oligodendrocytes, PV⁺ interneurons, and OPCs was also decreased with impaired myelination in the infralimbic cortex (IL). Our data suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure notably affected the acquisition of CPP, myelin formation, and the counts of PV⁺ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC in 5-week-old mice. Also, the IL subregion was the worst-affected subregion of the mPFC in alcohol-exposed 5-week-old mice. It reveals that the effects of alcohol on adolescence and its mPFC myelination show obvious age- and subregional-specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 220-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000629/pdfft?md5=fb2fa400d516e351ccea669f3af1c75d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antipsychotic potential of Salix Mucronata on ketamine-induced rats","authors":"Ntombifuthi P. Ngubane ,&nbsp;Musa V. Mabandla ,&nbsp;Brenda Z. De Gama","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salix mucronata</em> is one of the herbal plants offered by the traditional health practitioners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated administration of ketamine on social interaction, novelty and motivation in adult, male Sprague Dawley rats. It also aimed to investigate the potential of risperidone and the herbal extract of <em>S. mucronata</em> to reverse impairments that are induced by ketamine. Experimental rats (n=45) received a dose of ketamine at 30 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days. They were then allocated into their respective treatment groups and given risperidone (APD) and the herbal extract of <em>S. mucronata</em> (TM) at doses of 6 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Social behaviour was tested using the 3-chambered sociability test, and anhedonia was tested using the sucrose preference test. Ketamine induction elicited social withdrawal and reduced social novelty which were later successfully reversed by risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em>. The rats showed reduced preference to sucrose post-induction and post-treatment. Ketamine and mild stress caused by scruff restraint elicited reduced weight gain for the animals. No differences were noted on brain mass between controls and experimental groups and also between risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em> groups. However, reduced brain volume was noted in experimental groups. Dopamine and acetylcholine concentration levels were high in groups which received risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em>. These findings highlight that the antipsychotic potential of <em>S. mucronata</em> is similar to risperidone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000575/pdfft?md5=78e45ef0a29bdfe5f2da51dc84ecdaa2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes of node degree in the multiple-demand network predict fluid intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluid intelligence is an individual's innate ability to cope with complex situations and is gradually reduced across adults aging. The realization of fluid intelligence requires the simultaneous activity of multiple brain regions and depends on the structural connection of distributed brain regions. Uncovering the structural features of brain connections associated with fluid intelligence decline will provide reference for the development of intervention and treatment programs for cognitive decline. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 454 healthy participants (18–87 years) from the Cam-CAN dataset, we constructed structural similarity network for each participant and calculated the node degree. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with degree centrality in the cingulate cortex, left insula and subcortical regions, while negatively correlated with that in the orbito-frontal cortex, right middle temporal and precentral regions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression showed that the first PLS components explained 32 % (second PLS component: 20 %, <em>p</em>_perm &lt; 0.001) of the variance in fluid intelligence. Additionally, the degree centralities of anterior insula, supplementary motor area, prefrontal, orbito-frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which are critical nodes of the multiple-demand network (MDN), were linked to fluid intelligence. Increased degree centrality in anterior cingulate cortex and left insula partially mediated age-related decline in fluid intelligence. Collectively, these findings suggest that the structural stability of MDN might contribute to the maintenance of fluid intelligence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 245-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000617/pdfft?md5=422803ee06963efffbfe80d4b8e75510&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffman extract protects against lead-induced neurodegeneration in cockerel chickens","authors":"Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan ,&nbsp;Olumayowa Olawumi Igado ,&nbsp;Omowumi Moromoke Femi-Akinlosotu ,&nbsp;Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi ,&nbsp;Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale ,&nbsp;Omolade Abodunrin Oladele ,&nbsp;Evaristus Nwulia","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous, non-biodegradable heavy metal contaminant with a significant impact on both human and animal health. The adverse effect of lead on health and productivity of avian species has received little attention. <em>Alchornea laxiflora</em> (Benth) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and grows naturally in the Nigerian rain forest. Decoction of the leaves is usually administered traditionally to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. The ethanol extract of <em>Alchornea laxiflora</em> (EaAL) leaves was used in this study to ameliorate lead-induced neurodegeneration.</p><p>Seven groups of 5-week-old cockerels (n=5) were treated for 6 weeks thus: Group A - Control (water only), Group B - (100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group C - (200 mg/kg of EaAL daily, p.o.), Group D - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water), Group E - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water and 100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group F - (1 % lead acetate and 200 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group G - (1 % lead acetate and 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C). All administrations were per os birds were euthanized on day 43 by quick cervical dislocation. Histological stains (H&amp;E and Nissl) and Black Gold II (BGII) histochemistry were used to assess alterations in the cerebrum and cerebellum.</p><p>Administration of EaAL at the two concentrations resulted in a drastic reduction in the incidence of neuropathologies observed (e.g. pyknosis and multilayering of Purkinje cells, neuronal degeneration in hippocampus cerebrum and ependymal cells, distortion of meningeal epithelial cells, etc). BGII histochemistry revealed severe demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, while the two doses of EaAL showed significant restoration of myelin in the cerebellum. The amelioration of demyelination observed with the use of vitamin C was considerably lower than that recorded with the use of EaAL.</p><p>The use of EaAL significantly ameliorated morphological alterations and demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, however, caution should be exercised in the administration, as individual species idiosyncrasies may arise and the tendency to pro-oxidation at 200 mg/kg when administered alone was observed in one subject.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000605/pdfft?md5=aad9e8f00e64e751d75e0f3fafeb89c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of status epilepticus management in a resource-limited setting: A review","authors":"Kheng-Seang Lim ,&nbsp;Si-Lei Fong ,&nbsp;Siti Nasrina Yahaya ,&nbsp;Minh-An Thuy Le ,&nbsp;Herlyani Khosama","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological condition with significant mortality. Rapid management is essential to minimize the mortality and disability of SE. Two recent trials provided evidence to guide SE management in early and established stages. The Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior To Arrival Trial (RAMPART, 2011) showed that intramuscular midazolam is a better alternative for early convulsive SE in prehospital settings. The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT, 2020) supported the use of sodium valproate and levetiracetam as second-line treatment for its efficacy and shorter administration time. However, there are challenges to revising the status epilepticus management in resource-limited settings, in pre-hospital, first- and second-line treatment, as well as management of refractory and super-refractory SE. These challenges included restrictions or lack of training in the administration of benzodiazepine in the prehospital setting, limited availability and accessibility of newer antiseizure medications (ASMs) in emergency departments and smaller hospitals, and low clinicians’ awareness of the latest evidence. A collaborative effort to educate, improve awareness, and make certain ASMs more readily available is recommended to achieve a better clinical outcome in SE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000587/pdfft?md5=48cd38d7648878720d48910ee377a67e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic ablation of the isoform γ of PI3K decreases antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in male mice","authors":"Gabriela N. Vaz ,&nbsp;Flávia C. Turcato ,&nbsp;Isabel A.V. Lima ,&nbsp;Franciele F. Scarante ,&nbsp;Melissa R. Araújo ,&nbsp;Tamires A.V. Brigante ,&nbsp;Livia C.M. Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Francisco S. Guimarães ,&nbsp;Jaime E.C. Hallak ,&nbsp;Jose A. Crippa ,&nbsp;Antonio L. Teixeira ,&nbsp;Antonio C.P. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Alline Cristina Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>About one-third of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients demonstrate unresponsiveness to classic antidepressants, and even the clinical efficacy of fast-acting drugs such as ketamine varies significantly among patients with treatment-resistant depression. Nevertheless, the lack of suitable animal models that mimic a possible ketamine-resistant phenotype challenges the understanding of resistance to drug treatment. In this study, we showed that PI3Kγ knock-out (KO) mice do not respond to classical doses of ketamine and classical antidepressants. PI3Kγ KO mice were unresponsive to both the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of a single dose of ketamine in the forced swimming test. Additionally, they were unresponsive to the antidepressant-like effects induced by the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. However, acute pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ did not block the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine, showing that a chronic deficiency of the PI3Kγ-mediated pathway is necessary for the effects of classic doses of ketamine and antidepressants. Therefore, we propose that PI3Kγ participates in the antidepressant activity and is likely implicated in the neurobiology and phenotype observed in patients with MDD who demonstrate treatment resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000599/pdfft?md5=61fe70c91c2e1afdf5941559f701a1b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000599-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dickopff 1 inhibits cancer stem cell properties and promotes neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y","authors":"Shubham Krishna ,&nbsp;Bharat Prajapati ,&nbsp;Pankaj Seth ,&nbsp;Subrata Sinha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuroblastomas are pediatric tumors arising from undifferentiated cells of neural crest origin with stem cell-like characteristics. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to be linked to the development of various tumors. Activated Wnt signaling results in β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus to support pro-neoplastic traits. DKK1, a secreted glycoprotein, is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and the addition of DKKI to the culture medium has been used to suppress the Wnt pathway. This study aimed to analyze the role of Dickopff-1 as a potential differentiating agent for the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and neurospheres derived from it. The treatment of SH-5Y5Y derived neurospheres by DKK1 resulted in their disintegration and reduced proliferation markers like Ki67, PCNA. DKK1 treatment to the neurospheres also resulted in the loss of cancer stem cell markers like CD133, KIT and pluripotency markers like SOX2, OCT4, NANOG. DKK1 treatment caused reduction in mRNA expression of β-catenin and TCF genes like TCF4, TCF12. When the SH-SY5Y cancer cells were grown under differentiating conditions, DKKI caused neuronal differentiation by itself, and in synergy with retinoic acid. This was verified by the expression of markers like MAPT, DCX, GAP43, ENO2 and also with changes in neurite length. We concluded that Wnt inhibition, as exemplified by DKK1 treatment, is therefore a possible differentiating condition and also suppresses the proliferative and cancer stemness related properties of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000551/pdfft?md5=68e74b55346fdc06761ed60ffaff0810&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000551-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The increasing authorship trend in neuroscience: A scientometric analysis across 11 countries","authors":"Ann Paul ,&nbsp;Mariella Segreti ,&nbsp;Pierpaolo Pani ,&nbsp;Emiliano Brunamonti ,&nbsp;Aldo Genovesio","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous studies have demonstrated an increasing trend of the number of authors across various fields over the years. This trend has been attributed to the necessity for larger collaborations and, at times, to ethical issues regarding authorship attribution. Our study focuses on the evolution of authorship trends in the field of Neuroscience. We conducted our analysis based on a dataset containing 580,782 neuroscience publications produced from 2000 to 2022, focusing on the publications within the Group of ten (G10) countries. Using a matrix-based methodology, we extracted and analyzed the average number of authors per country. Our findings reveal a consistent rise in authorship across all G10 countries over the past two decades. Italy emerged with the highest average number of authors, while France stood out for experiencing the most significant increase, particularly in the last decade. The countries with the lowest number of authors per publication were the USA, UK and Canada. Differences between countries could result from variations in the size of collaboration between researchers in different countries. Additionally, these differences may depend on utilitarian considerations aimed at receiving higher scores in the individual evaluation of their own work. We propose that a normalization procedure for the number of authors should be implemented to ensure a fair evaluation of researchers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 52-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000563/pdfft?md5=c945153f3bc86ec009bc60a7972a3b1d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000563-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}