IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Cytotoxic Effects of Nyaope, a Heroin-based Street Drug, in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells","authors":"Willie M.U. Daniels ,&nbsp;Matome M. Sekhotha ,&nbsp;Nirvana Morgan ,&nbsp;Ashmeetha Manilall","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nyaope is a local adulterated drug that contributes significantly to the psychosocial challenge of substance use in South Africa. Despite being a huge burden on society and the health care system, research into the deleterious effects of nyaope is limited. The aim of the present study was therefore to perform a chemical analysis of the drug and to assess its toxic effects on neuroblastoma cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that nyaope mainly consists of heroin and heroin-related products. <em>SH-SY5Y</em> cells were subsequently exposed to increasing concentrations of nyaope (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg/µL) for 1, 6 or 24 h. The toxic effects of nyaope were determined by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the cell culture medium as an indicator of necrosis, the mRNA expression levels of <em>Bax</em> and <em>Bcl-2</em> as markers of apoptosis, and the mRNA expression levels of <em>p62</em> and microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B light-chain 3 (<em>LC3</em>) as indicators of autophagy. Exposing <em>SH-SY5Y</em> cells to concentrations of nyaope 5 µg/µL and greater for 24 h, resulted in a significant increase in LDH levels in the cell culture medium, unchanged mRNA expression of <em>Bax</em> and <em>Bcl-2</em> mRNA, and significantly reduced <em>p62</em> and elevated <em>LC3</em> mRNA expression levels. The chemical analysis suggests that nyaope should be considered synonymous with heroin and the toxic effects of the drug may recruit pathways involved in necrosis and autophagy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000149/pdfft?md5=02d90833ca43e242a93c0b2271abe8b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of depression after Parkinson’s disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and migraine in an Iranian population and assess psychometric characteristics of three prevalent depression questionnaires","authors":"Mehri Salari ,&nbsp;Hossein Pakdaman ,&nbsp;Masoud Etemadifar ,&nbsp;Fatemeh HojjatiPour ,&nbsp;Maede Khalkhali ,&nbsp;Nima Mirjamali ,&nbsp;Arash Hossein Abadi Farahani","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aim to evaluate the prevalence of depression in disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PD), migraine, and stroke. Also, we detect risk factors for depression occurrence within each disorder. Moreover, we compare the risk factors in these four common neurologic disorders. In advance, we assess the three surveys in order to better comprehend their distinctions.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Depression is a globally prevalent Psychologic disorder and common co-morbidity in neurological diseases. However, it is mostly underdiagnosed in chronic patients and causes numerous adverse effects.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used the database of neurology specialty clinics in a hospital in Tehran, the largest city of Iran. Five hundred nineteen patients, including 105 PD patients, 101 patients with stroke, 213 cases with MS, and 100 Migraine patients, were assessed. They were asked about their chief characteristics and disease-specific variables that may cause depression. Moreover, depression criteria were measured with three internationally used scales to study their variances.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, the prevalence of depression in PD, stroke, MS, and migraine, according to the BDI-II scale, were 43.8%, 38.6%, 45.1%, 37.6%, and according to HDRS scale, were 56.2%, 51.5%, 39.4%, and 43.6% respectively. Finally, according to DSM-XC the depression prevalence were 64.8%, 34.7%, 36.2%, and 67.3% respectively. Possible risk factors of depression were lower educational level, disease severity, socioeconomic level, marital or employment status, female gender, higher age, and consumption of some specific drugs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Depression is a widespread disorder in chronic neurologic conditions. Our data suggests the odds of depression in neurologic disorders depend on the characteristics of the patient and the features of the disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000046/pdfft?md5=fc42413cb068e7c60017e3e090bb34a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional intelligence in children with epilepsy","authors":"Battamir Enkhtuya ,&nbsp;Amgalan Bayarsaikhan ,&nbsp;Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren ,&nbsp;Uranbileg Sainbat ,&nbsp;Binderiya Bayanmunkh ,&nbsp;Tovuudorj Avirmed ,&nbsp;Bayarmaa Tsend","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder in the pediatric population, often accompanied by comorbidities, drug-related burdens, and psychosocial issues. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a crucial aspect of neurocognitive functioning that may be impaired in various clinical conditions. This study aimed to assess EI and its associated risk factors in children with epilepsy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a case-control design, we recruited 47 children with epilepsy (37 males, mean age 10.5 ± 3.1 years) and age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were evaluated using the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-I:YV). We included risk factors, including comorbidities, perinatal complications, epilepsy characteristics, and magnetic resonance imaging results to predict EI.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results indicate that children with epilepsy demonstrated significantly lower EI scores compared to controls (Total EQ score: p = 0.031, intrapersonal: p &lt; 0.001, adaptability: p = 0.03, and general mood: p &lt; 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that lower total EQ scores were associated with the number of anti-epileptic drugs, age, seizure frequency, MRI abnormalities, aura, and early onset of seizures.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study provides evidence that children with epilepsy exhibit lower EQ scores than control group, with notable differences in intrapersonal skills, adaptability, and general mood. Additionally, age, and some seizure-related factors predicted decreased total EQ scores. These findings emphasize the need to consider EI in the context of pediatric epilepsy, as impaired EI may contribute to further psychosocial challenges faced by affected children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000113/pdfft?md5=e996b889445f004dd2378f384ac6fe9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Papez circuit the location of the elusive episodic memory engram?","authors":"Steven Hall PhD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>All of the brain structures and white matter that make up Papez’ circuit, as well as the circuit as a whole, are implicated in the literature in episodic memory formation and recall. This paper shows that Papez’ circuit has the detailed structure and connectivity that is evidently required to support the episodic memory engram, and that identifying Papez’ circuit as the location of the engram answers a number of long-standing questions regarding the role of medial temporal lobe structures in episodic memory. The paper then shows that the process by which the episodic memory engram may be formed is a network-wide Hebbian potentiation termed “racetrack potentiation”, whose frequency corresponds to that observed in vivo in humans for memory functions. Further, by considering the microcircuits observed in the medial temporal lobe structures forming Papez’ circuit, the paper establishes the neural mechanisms behind the required functions of sensory information storage and recall, pattern completion, pattern separation, and memory consolidation. The paper shows that Papez’ circuit has the necessary connectivity to gather the various elements of an episodic memory occurring within Pöppel’s experienced time or “quantum of experience”. Finally, the paper shows how the memory engram located in Papez’ circuit might be central to the formation of a duplicate engram in the cortex enabling consolidation and long-term storage of episodic memories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000162/pdfft?md5=7b93d91da65c6f312b451e0c06fc33a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No differential effects of subthalamic nucleus vs. globus pallidus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: Speech acoustic and perceptual findings","authors":"Frits van Brenk ,&nbsp;Kaila L. Stipancic ,&nbsp;Andrea H. Rohl ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Corcos ,&nbsp;Kris Tjaden ,&nbsp;Jeremy D.W. Greenlee","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) or the Globus Pallidus Interna (GPI) is well-established as a surgical technique for improving global motor function in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Previous research has indicated speech deterioration in more than 30% of patients after STN-DBS implantation, whilst speech outcomes following GPI-DBS have received far less attention. Research comparing speech outcomes for patients with PD receiving STN-DBS and GPI-DBS can inform pre-surgical counseling and assist with clinician and patient decision-making when considering the neural targets selected for DBS-implantation. The aims of this pilot study were (1) to compare perceptual and acoustic speech outcomes for a group of patients with PD receiving bilateral DBS in the STN or the GPI with DBS stimulation both ON and OFF, and (2) examine associations between acoustic and perceptual speech measures and clinical characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten individuals with PD receiving STN-DBS and eight individuals receiving GPI-DBS were audio-recorded reading a passage. Three listeners blinded to neural target and stimulation condition provided perceptual judgments of intelligibility and overall speech severity. Speech acoustic measures were obtained from the recordings. Acoustic and perceptual measures and clinical characteristics were compared for the two neural targets and stimulation conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Intelligibility and speech severity were not significantly different across neural target or stimulation conditions. Generally, acoustic measures were also not statistically different for the two neural targets or stimulation conditions. Acoustic measures reflecting more varied speech prosody were associated with improved intelligibility and lessened severity. Convergent correlations were found between UPDRS-III speech scores and perceptual measures of intelligibility and severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study reports a systematic comparison of perceptual and acoustic speech outcomes following STN-DBS and GPI-DBS. Statistically significant differences in acoustic measures for the two neural targets were small in magnitude and did not yield group differences in perceptual measures. The absence of robust differences in speech outcomes for the two neural targets has implications for pre-surgical counseling. Results provide preliminary support for reliance on considerations other than speech when selecting the target for DBS in patients with PD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000150/pdfft?md5=93a97e9d98bd7a1e91c5ff7835950fbf&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139877365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hub genes, a diagnostic model, and immune infiltration based on ferroptosis-linked genes in schizophrenia","authors":"Kun Lian ,&nbsp;Yongmei Li ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Ye ,&nbsp;Hongbing Liu ,&nbsp;Tianlan Wang ,&nbsp;Guangya Yang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a prevalent and serious mental disorder, and the exact pathophysiology of this condition is not fully understood. In previous studies, it has been proven that ferroprotein levels are high in SCZ. It has also been shown that this inflammatory response may modify fibromodulin. Accumulating evidence indicates a strong link between metabolism and ferroptosis. Therefore, the present study aims to identify ferroptosis‐linked hub genes to further investigate the role that ferroptosis plays in the development of SCZ.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>From the GEO database, four microarray data sets on SCZ (GSE53987, GSE38481, GSE18312, and GSE38484) and ferroptosis‐linked genes were extracted. Using the prefrontal cortex expression matrix of SCZ patients and healthy individuals as the control group from GSE53987, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to discover SCZ‐linked module genes. From the feed, genes associated with ferroptosis were retrieved. The intersection of the module and ferroptosis-linked genes was done to obtain the hub genes. Then, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted. The SCZ diagnostic model was established using logistic regression, and the GSE38481, GSE18312, and GSE38484 data sets were used to validate the model. Finally, hub genes linked to immune infiltration were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 13 SCZ module genes and 7 hub genes linked to ferroptosis were obtained: <em>DECR1</em>, <em>GJA1</em>, <em>EFN2L2</em>, <em>PSAT1</em>, <em>SLC7A11</em>, <em>SOX2</em>, and <em>YAP1</em>. The GO/KEGG/GSEA study indicated that these hub genes were predominantly enriched in mitochondria and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immunological inflammation, ferroptosis, Hippo signaling pathway, AMP‐activated protein kinase pathway, and other associated biological processes. The diagnostic model created using these hub genes was further confirmed using the data sets of three blood samples from patients with SCZ. The immune infiltration data showed that immune cell dysfunction enhanced ferroptosis and triggered SCZ.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this study, seven critical genes that are strongly associated with ferroptosis in patients with SCZ were discovered, a valid clinical diagnostic model was built, and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of SCZ was identified by the investigation of immune infiltration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000071/pdfft?md5=8b02e0a2d767d7f37f885d825f27a39a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid co-administered with selected antidepressants","authors":"Charles Kwaku Benneh ,&nbsp;Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi ,&nbsp;Robert Peter Biney ,&nbsp;Priscilla Kolibea Mante ,&nbsp;Mustapha Kobina Abeka ,&nbsp;Augustine Tandoh ,&nbsp;Eric Woode","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene from the dried fruits of <em>Xylopia aethiopica,</em> has anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity in mice and zebrafish. We aimed to assess the potential synergistic antidepressant-like effects of XA when combined with selected antidepressants in the mouse forced-swim test.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid (XA) (10, 30, 100 mgkg⁻¹), fluoxetine (Flx) (3, 10, 30 mgkg⁻¹), sertraline (Sert) (3, 10, 30 mgkg⁻¹), imipramine (Imi) (10, 30, 100 mgkg-1) and ketamine (Ket) (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mgkg⁻¹), was evaluated in forced swim test. The dose (ED₅₀) that achieved a 50% reduction in immobility time was determined from the respective log-dose response curves. XA and the selected antidepressants were co-administered in fixed-dose ratio combinations (1/2:1/2, 1/4:1/4, 1/8:1/8) of the ED₅₀ to identify the experimental ED₅₀ (ED_50mix). The theoretical ED₅₀(ED_50add), of all combinations was determined using isobolograms and compared with the ED_50mix to identify the nature of the interaction. The effect of dose combinations on general locomotor activity was assessed in the open-field test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The interaction index (γ) for the following XA combinations, XA/Flx, XA/Sert, XA/Imi and XA/Ket were 0.42, 0.41, 0.31 and 0.34. An independent sample <em>t-</em>test revealed that the experimental ED₅₀ (ED_50mix) was significantly lower than the theoretical ED₅₀ (ED_50add) in all combinations of XA, indicative of a synergistic antidepressant-like effect. However, combinations of XA with ketamine significantly reduced general locomotor activity at all dose combinations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The co-administration of xylopic acid and fluoxetine, imipramine, sertraline and ketamine produces a synergistic antidepressant-like effect in mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000083/pdfft?md5=04929d699d5628705a370862a5f5ca7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between negative life events and cortical structural connectivity in adolescents","authors":"Francesca Sibilia ,&nbsp;Coline Jost-Mousseau ,&nbsp;Tobias Banaschewski ,&nbsp;Gareth J. Barker ,&nbsp;Christian Büchel ,&nbsp;Sylvane Desrivières ,&nbsp;Herta Flor ,&nbsp;Antoine Grigis ,&nbsp;Hugh Garavan ,&nbsp;Penny Gowland ,&nbsp;Andreas Heinz ,&nbsp;Bernd Ittermann ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Martinot ,&nbsp;Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot ,&nbsp;Eric Artiges ,&nbsp;Frauke Nees ,&nbsp;Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos ,&nbsp;Luise Poustka ,&nbsp;Sabina Millenet ,&nbsp;Juliane H. Fröhner ,&nbsp;Arun L.W. Bokde","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescence is a crucial period for physical and psychological development. The impact of negative life events represents a risk factor for the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the relationship between negative life events and structural brain connectivity, considering both graph theory and connectivity strength. A group (n = 487) of adolescents from the IMAGEN Consortium was divided into Low and High Stress groups. Brain networks were extracted at an individual level, based on morphological similarity between grey matter regions with regions defined using an atlas-based region of interest (ROI) approach. Between-group comparisons were performed with global and local graph theory measures in a range of sparsity levels. The analysis was also performed in a larger sample of adolescents (n = 976) to examine linear correlations between stress level and network measures. Connectivity strength differences were investigated with network-based statistics. Negative life events were not found to be a factor influencing global network measures at any sparsity level. At local network level, between-group differences were found in centrality measures of the left somato-motor network (a decrease of betweenness centrality was seen at sparsity 5%), of the bilateral central visual and the left dorsal attention network (increase of degree at sparsity 10% at sparsity 30% respectively). Network-based statistics analysis showed an increase in connectivity strength in the High stress group in edges connecting the dorsal attention, limbic and salience networks. This study suggests negative life events alone do not alter structural connectivity globally, but they are associated to connectivity properties in areas involved in emotion and attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000101/pdfft?md5=7336c5f524d1c4c94a59226a29d6cd35&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139694728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging does not affect the proportion of taste cell types in mice","authors":"Honomi Oka,&nbsp;Masataka Narukawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Generally, taste sensitivity is known to change with age. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Mammalian taste buds are classified into type I, II, III, and IV cells; among them, type II and III cells have an important role in the taste detection process. We hypothesized that age-related changes in the proportion of taste cell types would be a factor in changes in taste sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression patterns of type II and III cell markers in taste buds obtained from the circumvallate papillae of young and old mice. Gustducin, SEMA3A, PLCβ2, and CAR4 were used as type II and III cell markers, respectively. When we performed double-fluorescence staining using antibodies for these molecules, Gustducin and SEMA3A immune-positive cells were 22.7 ± 1.2% and 27.6 ± 0.9% in young mice and 22.0 ± 0.7% and 25.9 ± 1.1% in old mice, respectively. PLCβ2 and CAR4 immune-positive cells were 30.3 ± 1.5% and 20.7 ± 1.3% in young mice and 29.1 ± 0.8% and 21.1 ± 1.2% in old mice, respectively. There were no significant differences in the percentage of immunopositive cells for all antibodies tested between young and old mice. These results suggest that the proportion of type II and III cells does not change with aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000095/pdfft?md5=4d65277a15aa253ad0489a5a7f2e0818&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression","authors":"Mujeeb Adekunle Adedokun ,&nbsp;Linus Anderson Enye ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi ,&nbsp;Toheeb Adesumbo Ajibola ,&nbsp;Edem Ekpenyong Edem","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chronic antibiotic use has been reported to impair mitochondrial indices, hypothalamus-mediated metabolic function, and amygdala-regulated emotional processes. Natural substances such as black seed (Nigella sativa) oil could be beneficial in mitigating these impairments. This study aimed to assess the impact of black seed oil (NSO) on depression and sociability indices, redox imbalance, mitochondrial-dependent markers, and insulin expression in mice subjected to chronic ampicillin exposure. Forty adult male BALB/c mice (30 ± 2 g) were divided into five groups: the CTRL group received normal saline, the ABT group received ampicillin, the NSO group received black seed oil, the ABT/NSO group concurrently received ampicillin and black seed oil, and the ABT+NSO group experienced pre-exposure to ampicillin followed by subsequent treatment with black seed oil. The ampicillin-exposed group exhibited depressive-like behaviours, impaired social interactive behaviours, and disruptions in mitochondrial-dependent markers in plasma and hypothalamic tissues, accompanied by an imbalance in antioxidant levels. Moreover, chronic antibiotic exposure downregulated insulin expression in the hypothalamus. However, these impairments were significantly ameliorated in the ABT/NSO, and ABT+NSO groups compared to the untreated antibiotic-exposed group. Overall, findings from this study suggest the beneficial role of NSO as an adjuvant therapy in preventing and abrogating mood behavioural and neural-metabolic impairments of chronic antibiotic exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000125/pdfft?md5=b36bd5a6ee3ec98f4472845a5b7d4393&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}