IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase increases the EpFAs and ERK1/2 expression in the hippocampus of LiCl-pilocarpine post-status epilepticus rat model","authors":"Weifeng Peng ,&nbsp;Zihan Hu ,&nbsp;Yijun Shen ,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the enzyme activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and quantify its metabolic substrates, namely epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs), and products of sEH in the hippocampus after administering TPPU [1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea], an inhibitor of sEH. Furthermore, it explored whether the extracellular signal-activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is involved in the anti-seizure effects of TPPU in the lithium chloride (LiCl)-pilocarpine induced post-status epilepticus (SE) rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The rats were intraperitoneally (I.P.) injected with LiCl and pilocarpine to induce SE and then spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were observed. Rats were randomly assigned into SRS + TPPU group (intragastrically administering 0.1 mg/kg/d TPPU), SRS + Vehicle group (administering the vehicle instead), and Control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western-blot analysis, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were performed to measure the enzyme activity of sEH, the protein level of sEH and ERK1/2, and the concentration of TPPU and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolisms in the hippocampus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The frequency of SRS events of Racine stage 3 or higher ranged from 0 to 19 per week in the SRS + Vehicle group, compared to 0–5 per week in the SRS + TPPU group. sEH enzyme activity and protein levels were significantly elevated in the SRS + Vehicle group compared to the Control group. After TPPU administration, the hippocampal TPPU concentration reached 10.94 ± 4.37 nmol/kg. sEH enzyme activity was significantly reduced in the LiCl-pilocarpine-induced post-SE rat model, although sEH protein levels did not decrease significantly. The regioisomers 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs, total EETs, the EETs/DHETs ratio, other EpFAs including 16(17)-EpDPA, and the 19(20)-EpDPA/19,20-DiHDPA ratio in the hippocampus were significantly increased. Additionally, the p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 ratio in the hippocampus was significantly elevated following TPPU administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that inhibiting sEH with TPPU increases the levels of EETs, other EpFAs, and ERK1/2 expression in the hippocampus of a LiCl-pilocarpine-induced post-SE rat model. These findings suggest that the anti-seizure effect of TPPU may be mediated through the EETs-ERK1/2 pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 329-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara show antiepileptic and anxiolytic effects by inhibiting the ferroptosis pathway in kainate-treated mice","authors":"Mabou Symphorien Talom,&nbsp;Kandeda Antoine Kavaye,&nbsp;Bilanda Danielle Claude,&nbsp;Nkengne Steve Melton,&nbsp;Soffo Gildas Moffo,&nbsp;Edzoa Xavier Francois","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Cameroon, epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases. Available anti-epileptic medication, on the other hand, have been associated with pharmacological toxicity and emotional impairment. The identification of a more efficient replacement is critical. Recent research reveals that ferroptosis contributes to the pathophysiology of epilepsy and related anxiety disorders. <em>Lantana camara</em> is a plant with a high neuropharmacological potential, but its mechanisms of action have yet to be understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of <em>Lantana camara</em> on the kainate model of epilepsy in mice. The focus was on these extracts' capacity to suppress ferroptosis. Mice were injected with kainate (12 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce epilepsy. After <em>status epilepticus</em>, animals were left for 19 days, which correspond to an epileptogenic period. After the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures, mice were treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg, <em>p.o</em>.), levetiracetam (80 mg/kg, <em>p.o.</em>), sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, <em>p.o.</em>), ethanolic extract of <em>L. camara</em> (230, 460, 920 mg/kg, <em>p.o.</em>), or an aqueous extract of <em>L. camara</em> (460 mg/kg <em>p.o.</em>). These treatments lasted for 14 days. During this period, the number and duration of seizures were recorded. The mice were then subjected to elevated zero-maze and open field tests to assess anxiety-like behavior. At the end, mice were sacrificed and hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum were dissected out for biochemical and histological analyses. The extracts alleviated seizure- and anxiety-like behavior in KA-treated mice. Decreased iron levels, reflected by a decrease in ferritin levels and a increase in transferrin levels, were observed in the hippocampus, striatum and amygdala of the extract-treated group compared to the KA-treated group. In addition, increase in GABA and GSH levels, and a decrease in MDA levels were observed in these groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed less pronounced neuronal degeneration and a more sustained architecture in the brain region of extract-treated mice. These findings indicated that ethanolic and aqueous extracts of <em>L. camara</em> effectively attenuate seizures and anxiety disorders. Probable mechanisms of action include GABAergic, iron, GSH, and MDA modulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 347-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proinflammatory factors inhibition and fish oil treatment: A promising therapy for neonatal seizures","authors":"Zohreh Ghotbeddin ,&nbsp;Nima Badripour ,&nbsp;Hossein Amini-Khoei ,&nbsp;Zahra Basir ,&nbsp;Shima Balali-dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brain injury is one of the most important causes of infant mortality and chronic neurological disabilities. Hypoxia is an acute brain injury which led to various cognitive, behavioral, and memory disorders throughout life. Previous studies reported neuroprotective possibilities for fish oil (FO) in brain-injured situations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the FO diet during the lactation period on seizure activity, behavioral performance, histomorphometry, and inflammatory changes in the brains of hypoxia rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 4 groups: Sham (intact rats), hypoxia, FO and FO+hypoxia groups. Hypoxia was induced by keeping neonate rats at PND12 in a hypoxic chamber (7 % oxygen and 93 % nitrogen intensity) for 15 minutes. In the FO groups, rats received oral FO (1 ml/day) for 12 days during the lactation period. Seizure activity was assessed by measuring the number of tonic-clonic seizures and seizure thresholds. Novel object recognition tests (NORT), rotarod, and open field tests were used to measure behavioral performances. A Histological study was performed to evaluate histomorphometric changes in the hippocampus and cerebellum. The gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was measured using RT-PCR<strong>.</strong> Findings showed that the number of tonic-clonic seizures, atrophy, and cell death in the hippocampus and cerebellum, the gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus, and behavioral disorders were significantly increased in the hypoxia rats compared to the sham group. Administration of FO in the hypoxia groups significantly decreased the gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, the number of tonic-clonic seizures, and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and cerebellum compared to the hypoxia groups. Furthermore, it can improve behavioral tasks and cognitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune signature of gene expression pattern shared by autism spectrum disorder and Huntington's disease","authors":"Huanhuan Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Bai ,&nbsp;Xueying Wang ,&nbsp;Yunlei Jin ,&nbsp;Xingda Ju ,&nbsp;Chang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are complex neurological conditions with unclear causes and limited treatments, affecting individuals, families, and society. Despite ASD and HD representing two opposing stages of neuronal development and degeneration, they share similar clinical-pathological features in motor function. In this study, we leveraged transcriptomic data from the prefrontal cortex available in public databases to identify shared transcriptional characteristics of ASD and HD. Differential expression analysis revealed that the majority of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated in ASD carriers, whereas most DEGs were down-regulated in HD carriers. Among the DEGs shared between both diseases, three out of seven protein-coding genes were related to the immune system. Furthermore, we identified two enriched pathways shared between ASD and HD DEGs. The gene interaction network analysis unveiled four hub genes shared by both diseases, all of which are associated with immune functions. The findings suggest a shared gene expression pattern in the prefrontal cortex of people with ASD and HD, closely linked to the immune system. These findings will contribute to exploring the biological mechanisms underlying the shared phenotypes of these two diseases from an immunological perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 311-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of independent ambulation after complete spinal cord transection in the presence of the neuroprotectant polyethylene glycol in monkeys","authors":"Weihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Ren ,&nbsp;Zehan Liu ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangchen Guan ,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite the conventional belief that motor function and sensation distal to the site of a complete spinal cord transection are irretrievable, our research has demonstrated significant motor recovery in mice, rats, and dogs by applying polyethylene glycol (PEG) topically via a syringe directly to the contact interface of transected spinal cord. However, before implementing this technology in human subjects, validating PEG's efficacy and enduring impact through experimentation on non-human primates is imperative.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two 4-year-old female Macaca fascicularis monkeys underwent complete dorsal cord transection at T10. Postoperative behavioral assessment, electrophysiologic monitoring, and neuroimaging examinations were recorded, and tissues were obtained for histological examination at the end of study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The monkey whose spinal cord had been fully transected in the presence of PEG developed useful recovery already at 3 months and near-complete recovery of motor function in the hind-limbs at 18 months. The control animal without PEG remained paralyzed. Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials recovered postoperatively only in PEG-treated monkey vs none in the control. Diffusion tensor imaging showed re-establishment of continuity of the white matter in PEG-treated monkey, but not in the control. Moreover, histology revealed intact neuronal bodies, axons, and myelin tissue at the spinal cord transection site in PEG-treated monkey only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This report suggests that in primates, an acutely transected spinal cord can be re-fused in the presence of PEG with restoration of neural continuity and functional recovery of motor activity distal to the site of transection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 290-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric disorders from EEG signals through deep learning models","authors":"Zaeem Ahmed ,&nbsp;Aamir Wali ,&nbsp;Saman Shahid ,&nbsp;Shahid Zikria ,&nbsp;Jawad Rasheed ,&nbsp;Tunc Asuroglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychiatric disorders present diagnostic challenges due to individuals concealing their genuine emotions, and traditional methods relying on neurophysiological signals have limitations. Our study proposes an improved EEG-based diagnostic model employing Deep Learning (DL) techniques to address this. By experimenting with DL models on EEG data, we aimed to enhance psychiatric disorder diagnosis, offering promising implications for medical advancements. We utilized a dataset of 945 individuals, including 850 patients and 95 healthy subjects, focusing on six main and nine specific disorders. Quantitative EEG data were analyzed during resting states, featuring power spectral density (PSD) and functional connectivity (FC) across various frequency bands. Employing artificial neural networks (ANN), K nearest neighbors (KNN), Long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional Long short-term memory (Bi LSTM), and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model, we performed binary classification. Remarkably, all proposed models outperformed previous approaches, with the ANN achieving 96.83 % accuracy for obsessive-compulsive disorder using entire band features. CNN-LSTM attained the same accuracy for adjustment disorder, while KNN and LSTM achieved 98.94 % accuracy for acute stress disorder using specific feature sets. Notably, KNN and Bi-LSTM models reached 97.88 % accuracy for predicting obsessive-compulsive disorder. These findings underscore the potential of EEG as a cost-effective and accessible diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders, complementing traditional methods like MRI. Our study's advanced DL models show promise in enhancing psychiatric disorder detection and monitoring, with significant implications for clinical application, inspiring hope for improved patient care and outcomes. The potential of EEG as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders is substantial, as it can lead to improved patient care and outcomes in the field of psychiatry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 300-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying signature genes and their associations with immune cell infiltration in spinal cord injury","authors":"Meng Lv ,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Su’e Chang ,&nbsp;Zhengchao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early detection of spinal cord injury (SCI) is conducive to improving patient outcomes. In addition, many studies have revealed the role of immune cells in the progression or treatment of SCI. The objective of this study was to identify the early signature genes and clarify how they are related to immune cell infiltration in SCI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed and identified early signature genes associated with SCI via bioinformatics analysis of the GSE151371 dataset from the GEO database. These genes were subsequently verified in the GSE33886 dataset and qRT<img>PCR. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to examine the immune cell infiltration in SCI and its relationship with signature genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven SCI-related signature genes, including ARG1, RETN, BPI, GGH, CCNB1, HIST1H2AC, and HIST1H2BJ, were identified, and their expression was verified via an external validation cohort and qRT<img>PCR. Moreover, the ROC curves revealed the diagnostic value of these genes. In addition, on the basis of immune cell infiltration analysis, plasma cells, M0 macrophages, activated CD4+ memory T cells, γδ T cells, naive CD4+ T cells, and resting CD4+ memory T cells may participate in the progression of SCI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified seven early signature genes of SCI that may serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of SCI and contribute to our understanding of immune changes during the pathology of SCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 320-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irisin alleviates chronic constriction injury-induced hyperalgesia and affective disorders in mice through NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways","authors":"Xupei Xie ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Yu ,&nbsp;Hanqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Huidan Dai ,&nbsp;Yuyang Huang ,&nbsp;Fan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research is to explore the impacts of irisin on hyperalgesia and behavioral deficits caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) and the underlying mechanisms. The CCI mice model was used in this study. The experimental mice were assigned into sham, sham + irisin (3 μg/kg), CCI, CCI + irisin (0.1, 1, and 3 μg/kg), and CCI + irisin (3 μg/kg) + ML385 (30 mg/kg) groups. The results showed that after CCI injury, the mice exhibited hyperalgesia, depression, and anxiety. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS increased in the mice hippocampus, frontal cortex, and spinal cord. Moreover, oxidative stress relevant factor MDA increased, while GSH and SOD decreased in the mice hippocampus, frontal cortex, and spinal cord. However, irisin treatment ameliorated CCI-induced mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, depressive, and anxiety behaviors, and reversed the abnormal expressions of inflammatory and oxidative stress relevant cytokines. Interestingly, these therapeutic effects of irisin were partly abolished by ML385, a specific Nrf2 antagonist. Taken together, irisin may be an effective therapeutic agent for CCI-induced neuralgia and the affective disorders, and the mechanisms may be associated with the anti-neuroinflammation mediated by NF-κB and the anti- oxidative stress function regulated by Nrf2.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 280-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000794/pdfft?md5=7840a2b27074299965eab532f8616fb0&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000794-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous running wheel exercise during pregnancy prevents later neonatal-anoxia-induced somatic and neurodevelopmental alterations","authors":"Vitor Yonamine Lee ,&nbsp;Aline Vilar Machado Nils ,&nbsp;Bruna Petrucelli Arruda ,&nbsp;Gilberto Fernando Xavier ,&nbsp;Maria Inês Nogueira ,&nbsp;Lívia Clemente Motta-Teixeira ,&nbsp;Silvia Honda Takada","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>About 15–20 % of babies that suffer perinatal asphyxia die and around 25 % of the survivors exhibit permanent neural outcomes. Minimization of this global health problem has been warranted. This study investigated if the offspring of pregnant female rats allowed to spontaneously exercise on running wheels along a 11-day pregnancy period were protected for somatic and neurodevelopmental disturbs that usually follow neonatal anoxia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>spontaneous exercise was applied to female rats which were housed in cages allowing free access to running wheels along a 11-day pregnancy period. Their offspring were submitted to anoxia 24–36 h after birth. Somatic and sensory-motor development of the pups were recorded until postnatal day 21 (P21). Myelin basic protein (MBP)-stained areas of sensory and motor cortices were measured at P21. Neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-immunopositive cells and synapsin-I levels in hippocampal formation were estimated at P21 and P75.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>gestational exercise and / or neonatal anoxia increased the weight and the size of the pups. In addition, gestational exercise accelerated somatic and sensory-motor development of the pups and protected them against neonatal-anoxia-induced delay in development. Further, neonatal anoxia reduced MBP stained area in the secondary motor cortex and decreased hippocampal neuronal estimates and synapsin-I levels at P21; gestational exercise prevented these effects. Therefore, spontaneous exercise along pregnancy is a valuable strategy to prevent neonatal-anoxia-induced disturbs in the offspring.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>spontaneous gestational running wheel exercise protects against neonatal anoxia-induced disturbs in the offspring, including (1) physical and neurobehavioral developmental impairments, and (2) hippocampal and cortical changes. Thus, spontaneous exercise during pregnancy may represent a valuable strategy to prevent disturbs which usually follow neonatal anoxia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 263-279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000770/pdfft?md5=c7138664cf6f01fd9fbb8b156b21d778&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000770-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabinoid type 2 receptor deficiency leads to Aβ-induced cognitive impairment through promoting microglial sensitivity to Aβ in the prefrontal cortex in mice","authors":"Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;JiaGuang Sun ,&nbsp;Qiang Jiao ,&nbsp;ShuaiChen Li ,&nbsp;XiangBo Meng ,&nbsp;JingPu Shi ,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study is to investigate the effects of Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB₂R) deficiency on microglia and cognitive function in both Aβ_1–42-injected CB₂R knockout mice and a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in brain.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After hippocampal injection with Aβ_1–42 oligomers in CB₂R knockout mice with and without CB₂R agonist treatment and in transgenic APP/PS1 mice with CB₂R deletion, the novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed to assess the animal behavior performance. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the microglial morphology and activation status. The expression of proinflammation and anti-inflammation cytokines were determined by qRT-PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CB₂R deficiency significantly aggravated cognitive impairment in both Aβ_1–42-induced and transgenic APP/PS1 animal model in NOR. In Aβ-injected mice lacking CB₂R and transgenic APP/PS1 mice with CB₂R deletion, microglia in the prefrontal cortex exhibited enhanced immunoreactivity with altered morphology. Furthermore, transformation of activated microglial phenotype in the prefrontal cortex was reduced in Aβ_1–42-injected CB₂R knockout mice after CB₂R agonist treatment. The CB₂R deficiency significantly increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex, while it was observed in the hippocampus in both Aβ_1–42-injected and transgenic APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Furthermore, CB₂R deficiency increased concentrations of soluble Aβ ₄₀ in the prefrontal cortex, but did not affect plaques deposition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CB₂R deletion led to enhanced neuroinflammatory responses via direct upregulating microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex during the early symptomatic phase of AD mice. CB₂R modulates prefrontal cortical neuroinflammation, which is essential for regulating cognitive functions such as recognition memory at the early stage of AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"17 ","pages":"Pages 252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000745/pdfft?md5=808ebd9fab4377faf70cc0b1061aec36&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000745-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}