IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of perampanel in reducing depression in patients with focal epilepsy","authors":"Min Ming ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Jiali Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High prevalence of depression is very common in epilepsy. This study aimed to discover the effect of perampanel on depression in patients with focal epilepsy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a prospective observational study. We included a total of 68 patients with focal EP, which were treated with perampanel. We analyzed data before perampanel treatment and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up of the optimal dose. Using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scale to evaluate depression, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess the cognitive function, and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 items (QOLIE-31) to estimate the quality of life of EP patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BDI-II score improved significantly compared to before treatment and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). The mean total QOLIE-31 score significantly increased from 82.9 ± 20.4 to 88.7 ± 21.2 at the 12-month follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, seizure control was improved significantly at 12 months: 32.1 % of patients were seizure-free, and 73.2 % were responsive. Moreover, there was statistical relationship between improvement in depression and seizure control. The MMSE score was not different before and after treatment (P &gt; 0.05). Multiple Regression Analysis was found that annual family income, etiology, the frequency of attacks in recent years, types of ASMs and the age were the influence factors of pirampanel in reducing depression (<em>P</em>＜0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Perampanel reduced depression symptoms in patients with focal epilepsy, although the lack of a control group or the relatively small sample size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation on bladder urodynamics and M3 receptor expression in rats with neurogenic bladder","authors":"Junhua Li,&nbsp;Chenhao Tang,&nbsp;Longfei Yang,&nbsp;Chen Song,&nbsp;Yanbin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the effect of sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation(SMS) on bladder urodynamics and M3 receptor expression in rats with neurogenic bladder.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>30 adult female SD rats were randomly divided into Normal Group, Model Group, and Magnetic Stimulation Group, with 10 rats in each group. The Model Group and Magnetic Stimulation Group used the spinal cord transtion method to establish the neurogenic bladder animal model. After successful modeling, the Magnetic Stimulation Group received magnetic stimulation treatment once per day for 8 consutive weeks. After 8 weeks, bladder urodynamics were measured under anesthesia, rats were sacrificed, and bladder detrusor muscle tissue was collected for histological and ultrastructural observation, and M3 receptor expression levels were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance in the Magnetic Stimulation Group were higher than those in the Model Group (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0. 05), and the leak point pressure was lower than that in the Model Group (P &lt; 0. 05); there were no significant differences between the Magnetic Stimulation Group and the Normal Group in these three parameters (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0. 05). H&amp;E staining of bladder detrusor muscle tissue in the Magnetic Stimulation Group revealed minimal neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, the morphology and arrangement of the mucosal epithelial cells were closer to those observed in the Normal Group when compared with the Model Group. Under transmission electron microscopy, detrusor muscle cells had a smooth surface, slightly widened intercellular spaces, relatively uniform arrangement, and relatively intact mitochondrial structure. The expression level of M3 receptors in the bladder detrusor muscle tissue of the Magnetic Stimulation Group was significantly higher than that in the Normal Group and the Model Group (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0. 05); there was no significant difference between the Model Group and the Normal Group (<em>P</em> &gt; 0. 05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sacral nerve root magnetic stimulation has a certain effect on improving bladder function in rats with neurogenic bladder, which may be related to the increased expression level of M3 receptors in the bladder detrusor muscle tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 158-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Default mode network-basal ganglia network connectivity predicts the transition to postherpetic neuralgia","authors":"Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Qian ,&nbsp;Lieju Wang ,&nbsp;Lina Yu ,&nbsp;Minming Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuroimaging studies have revealed aberrant network functional connectivity in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the relationship between the brain network connectivity during the acute period and disease prognosis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to detect characteristic network connectivity in the process of herpes zoster (HZ) pain chronification and to identify whether abnormal network connectivity in the acute period can predict the outcome of patients with HZ.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 31 patients with PHN, 33 with recuperation from herpes zoster (RHZ), and 28 with acute herpes zoster (AHZ) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We investigated the differences in the connectivity of four resting-state networks (RSN) among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify whether abnormal network connectivity in the acute period could predict the outcome of patients with HZ.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First, we found within-basal ganglia network (BGN) and default mode network (DMN)-BGN connectivity differences, with PHN patients showing increased DMN-BGN connectivity compared to AHZ and RHZ patients, while RHZ patients showing increased within-BGN connectivity compared to AHZ and PHN patients. Moreover, DMN-BGN connectivity was associated with the ID pain score in patients with AHZ. Finally, the DMN-BGN connectivity of AHZ patients could predict the outcome of HZ patients with sensitivity and specificity of 77.8 % and 63.2 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results provide evidence that DMN-BGN connectivity during the acute period confers a risk for the development of chronic pain and can act as a neuroimaging biomarker to predict the outcome of patients with HZ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of empagliflozin against scopolamine-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in rats","authors":"Mahdieh Anoush ,&nbsp;Neda Taghaddosi ,&nbsp;Zahra Bokaei Hosseini ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Rahmati ,&nbsp;Soroush Bijani ,&nbsp;Ali Kalantari-Hesari ,&nbsp;Mir-Jamal Hosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The main medicinal theory for the management of AD belongs to the acetyl-cholinesterase-inhibition pathway and NMDA antagonism. Recent investigation proposed memory improvement by sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors which indicated to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the lack of sufficient evidence about the efficacy of empagliflozin (EMPA) for memory improvement, in comparison with donepezil (DON), the present research was carried out in order to investigate this hypothesis towards scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity on experimental male Wistar rats. The animals divided into two sets, each included 4 groups: The first set of Healthy animals [Control, EMPA (4 or 10 mg/kg), DON (1 mg/kg)]. The second set of rat Alzheimer model, which received 2 mg/kg Scopolamine by intraperitoneal route for 10 days followed by other treatments [AD, AD+ EMPA (4 or 10 mg/kg) and AD+DON]. Normal rats and AD rats, with each group receiving different substances for 8 consecutive days and 24 h after the accomplishment of the drug administrations, the memory functions assessed through Morris water maze (MWM) paradigm. This task was followed by decapitation of rats in order to evaluate the biochemical oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue. Our data indicated that EMPA significantly improved animals' performance in the behavioral test with a significant decrease in oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance. In addition, EMPA (4 mg/kg) significantly reduced both cellular malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content while conversely increased the total reduced glutathione content. Besides, the levels of total as well as endogenous antioxidants in the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay reported to be augmented. It seems that EMPA significantly improved both cellular biochemical aspects and memory performance in animal models in accordance with histopathological assessments. Conclusively, 4 mg/kg EMPA demonstrated better results in all aspects that were evaluated during this research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidopathy disrupts peripheral and central amyloid clearance in Alzheimer's disease: Where are our knowledge","authors":"Shahram Darabi ,&nbsp;Enam Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Moradi ,&nbsp;Auob Rustamzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amyloid-beta (Aβ) production is a normal physiological process, essential for neuronal function. However, an imbalance in Aβ production and clearance is the central pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), leading to the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brain. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) plays a critical role in both the central clearance of Aβ from the brain and its peripheral transport to visceral organs. Disruptions in these processes contribute to the accumulation of Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS) and the progression of AD. Recent research emphasizes the need for a broader focus on the systemic effects of organs outside the brain, particularly in the context of AD prevention and treatment. The contribution of peripheral systems, such as the liver, in Aβ clearance, is vital, given that Aβ levels in the plasma correlate closely with those in the brain. Consequently, targeting systemic processes, rather than focusing solely on the CNS, may offer promising therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) facilitates the formation of lipoprotein-amyloid complexes, which are important for Aβ transport and clearance, using proteins such as apolipoproteins E and J (ApoE and ApoJ) to form complexes that help manage Aβ accumulation. On the other hand, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) facilitates Aβ efflux from the brain by binding to LRP1, promoting its clearance. Given the relationship between lipid profiles and Aβ levels, along with lipid-modifying drugs, may be effective in managing Aβ accumulation and mitigating AD progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the therapeutic potential and side effects of calcium channel blockers in mortality and morbidity of patients with stroke: A systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies","authors":"Sevak Hatamian ,&nbsp;Asad Abdi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Sadat Seyedi Asl ,&nbsp;Armin Tafazolimoghadam ,&nbsp;Arian Tavasol ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Mousavi Nejad ,&nbsp;Reza Madadi ,&nbsp;Zohre Tajabadi ,&nbsp;Mina Dehghani ,&nbsp;Najmeh Ahmadpoor ,&nbsp;Mobina Fathi ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili ,&nbsp;Navid Nooraei","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Blood pressure control is one of the basic steps in preventing stroke and cerebrovascular events. Calcium channel blockers are the first-line drugs in hypertension control. On the other hand, the stroke recovery phase depends on activating calcium channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Considering these issues, one of the interdisciplinary challenges of neurology and cardiology is the use of these drugs in hypertensive patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) risk and their uses after these events.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study's primary goal is to evaluate the effects of calcium channel blockers on reducing the risk, mortality, morbidity, and long-term outcomes of cerebrovascular events.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted this systematic literature review by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Our inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, case-cross-over studies, case reports, and in-vitro and animal studies in which they evaluated the effects of calcium channel blockers on the CVA risk and mortality, morbidity, and long-term outcomes of stroke. Our exclusion criteria were review studies with no adequate data and non-English articles. Articles that met our criteria were included in the initial search. After the title and abstract screening, 56 human and animal studies were selected to be discussed in this article.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among 56 selected studies, 33 were human studies, 23 were animal experiments, and one study was carried out both on animals and humans. A total of 1,860,234 patients were enrolled in 24 human studies. A total of 717,131 patients in 22 studies received CCBs. Two studies did not report the number of patients who underwent treatment with CCBs. Among 24 studies, 11 reported favorable outcomes following CCB administration, and two studies reported neuroprotective effects for CCBs without any adverse outcome in stroke patients. Five studies demonstrated that CCBs were associated with adverse outcomes. One study showed favorable and unfavorable outcomes compared to other antihypertensive agents. Stroke was reported in two studies following CCB overdose. Three studies have reported that CCBs had no significant effect on stroke risk, mortality, or long-term outcomes. In animal studies, a total of 813 animals were enrolled in 19 studies. Two studies were in vitro using mammalian cells and enzymes, and one study was ex-vivo. Among 24 studies, 18 (75 %) reported beneficial outcomes following treatment with CCBs, three (12.5 %) revealed both favorable and unfavorable results, two (8.3 %) demonstrated adverse outcomes, and one (4.2 %) showed no effect.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Based on the evidence from human and animal studies, authors conclude that CCBs are associated with a lower risk of stroke, lower mortality risk, and improved long-term neurological and ","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 222-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging studies on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Weimin Qi ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Niu ,&nbsp;Xiuping Zhan,&nbsp;Yazhou Ren,&nbsp;Jianhang He,&nbsp;Jianxia Li,&nbsp;Xiaolin Hou,&nbsp;Haining Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing arterial spin labeling (ASL), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and 3D T1-weighted imaging (3DT1WI) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, it evaluates the relationship between MRI findings and non-motor symptoms associated with PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>ASL, QSM, and 3DT1WI scans were performed on 48 PD patients and 46 healthy controls (HC). We extracted and analyzed differences in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), magnetic susceptibility, and gray matter density parameters between the two groups. These MRI parameters were correlated with clinical scale scores assessing non-motor symptoms, including cognitive function, sleep quality, olfaction, autonomic function, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality in distinguishing PD from HC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for rCBF, magnetic susceptibility, and gray matter density were 0.941, 0.979, and 0.624, respectively. In PD patients, a negative correlation was found between Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II (UPDRS II) scores and rCBF in the bilateral precuneus. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores negatively correlated with rCBF in the left middle temporal gyrus and right middle occipital gyrus. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores positively correlated with QSM values in the right supplementary motor area, while scores on the Argentine Smell Identification Test (AHRS) negatively correlated with QSM values in the same area. Disease duration showed a positive correlation with QSM values in the right middle cingulate gyrus. Additionally, PSQI scores positively correlated with QSM values in the left middle cingulate gyrus, and fatigue severity scale (FSS) scores also positively correlated with QSM values in the left middle cingulate gyrus. Gray matter atrophy in the left inferior temporal gyrus was associated with cognitive impairment in PD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Occipital hypoperfusion and cortical atrophy in the left inferior temporal gyrus may serve as novel imaging biomarkers for PD and are associated with sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment in PD patients. Extensive iron deposition in the bilateral cerebral cortex of PD patients may be a contributing factor to non-motor symptoms such as sleep disturbances and fatigue. Multimodal imaging techniques, including ASL, QSM, and 3DT1WI, can enhance the diagnostic accuracy for PD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of left DLPFC anodal and cathodal tDCS interventions on the brain in children with autism: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Jiannan Kang ,&nbsp;Juanmei Wu ,&nbsp;Xinping Huang ,&nbsp;Wenqin Mao ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with few effective treatment options. In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied in interventions for ASD, often targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, studies investigating anodal and cathodal tDCS interventions have reported differing outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and analyze the effects of these two stimulations through a randomized controlled trial, utilizing both behavioral assessments and EEG proxy markers capable of characterizing the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study recruited a total of 24 children with ASD (20 males and 4 females; mean age ± SD: 5.5 ± 1.2 years), who were randomly divided into two groups receiving either anodal or cathodal tDCS targeting the DLPFC. The stimulation intensity was set at 1 mA, administered five times per week for a total of 20 sessions. Behavioral intervention outcomes were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Additionally, the study evaluated the effects of tDCS on the brain's excitatory-inhibitory balance by analyzing corrected periodic alpha oscillation power and bandwidth, as well as non-periodic exponent and offset derived from EEG data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Following anodal tDCS intervention, results from the SRS scale indicated a decrease in overall scores, with significant differences observed in social communication and social motivation among children. On the ABC scale, overall scores also decreased, with significant differences noted in sensory behavior, social relating, body and object use, and language and communication skills. Non-periodic exponent and offsets increased following anodal tDCS stimulation, whereas they decreased after cathodal tDCS stimulation. Regarding alpha oscillation power, there was a significant increase following anodal tDCS and a significant decrease following cathodal tDCS. In terms of alpha oscillation bandwidth, there was a reduction following anodal tDCS and an increase following cathodal tDCS. Further correlation analysis revealed that in children who received anodal tDCS intervention, non-periodic exponent showed correlations with behaviors such as social communication.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study results demonstrated that anodal and cathodal tDCS targeting the left DLPFC had distinct effects on the behavior and excitatory-inhibitory balance of children with ASD. Anodal tDCS intervention appeared to have a more positive impact compared to cathodal intervention. However, the sample size was small, and we focused solely on the effects of tDCS, with our experimental design perhaps not being able to generalize to all external manipulations of excitability in our study. In future research, we will continue to improve the ","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory agnosia for environmental sounds in Alzheimer’s disease: Effects on daily life","authors":"J.A. Coebergh ,&nbsp;S. McDowell ,&nbsp;T.C.A.M. van Woerkom ,&nbsp;J.P. Koopman ,&nbsp;J.L. Mulder ,&nbsp;F.R.E. Smink ,&nbsp;J.D. Blom ,&nbsp;S.F.T.M. de Bruijn","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Auditory agnosia for environmental sounds is a type of agnosia attributed to central auditory dysfunction. It is common in Alzheimer’s disease, and is associated with peripheral hearing loss, although independent of it, and presumed independent of language deficits. The effects of this type of agnosia on daily life in Alzheimer’s disease are unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to assess the impact of auditory agnosia for environmental sounds in people with Alzheimer’s disease while also exploring the role of unrecognized hearing loss.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested 34 home-dwelling people with Alzheimer’s disease and a mean MMSE of 21.9 with the aid of a sound naming and recognition test, the tailor-made EESAA (<em>Experiencing Environmental Sounds in Auditory Agnosia</em>) questionnaire, the ADQRL (<em>Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Quality of Life</em>) scale, and speech and tone audiometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Some 57 % of our 34 participants showed clinical signs of auditory agnosia for environmental sounds, and 47 % had undetected hearing loss to such an extent that it made them eligible for a hearing aid. Although the two factors appear to be independent, their joint effect can impact people’s daily functioning. Nonetheless, we found them to have only little impact on the participants’ quality of life as measured by the ADQRL, possibly because most of them lived in a sheltered environment, and some moreover showed anosognosia for their agnosia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Difficulties recognizing environmental sounds in daily life are very common in people with Alzheimer’s disease. Although we found no direct relation with quality of life as measured by a questionnaire, awareness of auditory agnosia for environmental sounds is still important since it may help explain why function declines. The additional finding that 47 % of people in this group had unrecognized hearing loss shows that self-assessment of hearing is often inaccurate in Alzheimer’s disease, with implications for daily practice where clinicians might only explore hearing loss when acknowledged by their patient. On the basis of our findings we advise further longitudinal, multi-year studies of hearing screening and rehabilitation in Alzheimer’s disease, if possible starting during its prodromal stage, something supported by findings in a large trials suggesting that hearing interventions might be slowing cognitive decline in an older population at risk of this.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 142-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of obesity on aging brain and cognitive decline: A cohort study from the UK Biobank","authors":"Panlong Li ,&nbsp;Xirui Zhu ,&nbsp;Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Shan Tian ,&nbsp;Yuna Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Qiao ,&nbsp;Min Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Su ,&nbsp;Dandan Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the impact of obesity on brain structure and cognition using large neuroimaging and genetic data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Associations between body mass index (BMI), gray matter volume (GMV), whiter matter hyper-intensities (WMH), and fluid intelligence score (FIS) were estimated in 30283 participants from the UK Biobank. Longitudinal data analysis was conducted. Genome-wide association studies were applied to explore the genetic loci associations among BMI, GMV, WMH, and FIS. Mendelian Randomization analyses were applied to further estimate the effects of obesity on changes in the brain and cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The observational analysis revealed that BMI was negatively associated with GMV (r = -0.15, p &lt; 1<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻²⁴) and positively associated with WMH (r = 0.08, p &lt; 1<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻¹⁶). The change in BMI was negatively associated with the change in GMV (r = -0.04, p &lt; 5<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10⁻⁵). Genetic overlap was observed among BMI, GMV, and FIS at SBK1 (rs2726032), SGF29 (rs17707300), TUFM (rs3088215), AKAP6 (rs1051695), IL27 (rs4788084), and SPI1 (rs3740689 and rs935914). The MR analysis provided evidence that higher BMI was associated with lower GMV (β=-1119.12, p = 5.77 ×10⁻⁶), higher WMH (β=42.76, p = 6.37 ×10⁻⁴), and lower FIS (β=-0.081, p = 1.92 ×10⁻²³).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The phenotypic and genetic association between obesity and aging brain and cognitive decline suggested that weight control could be a promising strategy for slowing the aging brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 148-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}