IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced low-gamma band power in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of depression is reversed by orexin-1 receptor antagonism","authors":"Batoul Mirbolouk ,&nbsp;Behrooz Khakpour-Taleghani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rostampour ,&nbsp;Adele Jafari ,&nbsp;Kambiz Rohampour","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hippocampal-prefrontal cortex network dynamics is reported to be involved in various cognitive functions and in different mood disturbances including depression. It has been suggested that blocking orexin-1 receptors can be beneficial in depression. The purpose of this study is to determine whether orexin-1 receptor antagonists have an impact on changes in brain oscillations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of depression. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six experimental groups: control, chronic mild stress (CMS), acute SB-334867, a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, treated rats (SB), chronic SB-treated (CSB), CMS+SB, and CMS+CSB. Two stainless steel recording electrodes were placed in the coordinates of the hippocampus (HPC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC). After behavioral verification of the model, local field potentials were recorded at 1 kHz sampling frequency. The absolute power of different frequency bands was obtained using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function, and the power spectral density (PSD) of each frequency band was calculated for each animal. In the CMS- treated animals, the low-gamma band power increased both in the HPC and PFC (p ≤ 0.05), which were reversed by chronic SB-334867 treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The alterations in theta, and high-gamma band power were not significant in CMS treated rats, while acute and chronic SB-334867 treatment diminished the theta and high-gamma band power (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The hippocampal-prefrontal coherence decreased in the delta (p ≤ 0.01), theta (p ≤ 0.01), and alpha (p ≤ 0.05) band range of the CMS exposed rats. It is concluded that CMS boosts the low-gamma band power, which is reversed by CSB treatment. The low-frequency band coherence is attenuated after CMS treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022844/pdfft?md5=34b5597be00240085b2e47ecea9f96e3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022844-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138474972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist on morphine tolerance","authors":"Di Cui,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Mingyue Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pain highly impacts the quality of life of patients. Morphine is used for pain treatment; however, its side effects, especially morphine tolerance, limit its use in the clinic. The problem of morphine tolerance has plagued health workers and patients for years. Unfortunately, the exact mechanism of morphine tolerance has not been fully clarified. The mechanisms of morphine tolerance that are currently being studied may include μ-opioid receptor (MOR) desensitization and internalization, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and crosstalk, the effects of microglia and the increase in inflammatory factors. Morphine tolerance can be alleviated by improving the pathophysiological changes that lead to morphine tolerance. Previous studies have shown that a cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist could attenuate morphine tolerance in a variety of animal models. Many studies have shown an interaction between the cannabinoid system and the opioid system. The CB2 receptor may modulate the effect of morphine through a pathway that is common to the MOR, since both receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This study introduces the potential mechanism of morphine tolerance and the effect of CB2 receptor agonists on reducing morphine tolerance, which can provide new ideas for researchers studying morphine and provide beneficial effects for patients suffering from morphine tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022832/pdfft?md5=f4550f33a524787d0e583f4b052dd401&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022832-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current biomarkers and treatment strategies in Alzheimer disease: An overview and future perspectives","authors":"Ritesh P. Bhole ,&nbsp;Rupesh V. Chikhale ,&nbsp;Karishma M. Rathi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive degenerative disorder first identified by Alois Alzheimer in 1907, poses a significant public health challenge. Despite its prevalence and impact, there is currently no definitive ante mortem diagnosis for AD pathogenesis. By 2050, the United States may face a staggering 13.8 million AD patients. This review provides a concise summary of current AD biomarkers, available treatments, and potential future therapeutic approaches. The review begins by outlining existing drug targets and mechanisms in AD, along with a discussion of current treatment options. We explore various approaches targeting Amyloid β (Aβ), Tau Protein aggregation, Tau Kinases, Glycogen Synthase kinase-3β, CDK-5 inhibitors, Heat Shock Proteins (HSP), oxidative stress, inflammation, metals, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) modulators, and Notch signaling. Additionally, we examine the historical use of Estradiol (E2) as an AD therapy, as well as the outcomes of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as alternative treatment options. Notably, positive effects of docosahexaenoic acid nutriment in older adults with cognitive impairment or AD are highlighted. Furthermore, this review offers insights into ongoing clinical trials and potential therapies, shedding light on the dynamic research landscape in AD treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022819/pdfft?md5=39c4fce92eb9a5eff9cb54291edfa34b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138739129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anethole via increase in the gene expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR mitigates the autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation stress in mice","authors":"Yasaman Yadollahi-Farsani,&nbsp;Vahid Reisi Vanani,&nbsp;Zahra Lorigooini,&nbsp;Anahita Farahzad,&nbsp;Hossein Amini-Khoei","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence in the world. The maternal separation (MS) stress at early life with its own neuroendocrine and neurostructural changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Previously it has been reported neuroprotective characteristics for anethole. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has pivotal role in the function of central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of anethole on the autistic-like behaviors in the maternally separated (MS) mice focusing on the potential role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were assigned to five groups (n = 8) comprising a control group (treated with normal saline) and four groups subjected to MS and treated with normal saline and or anethole at doses of 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. All gents were administrated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for 14 constant days. Behavioral tests were conducted, including the three-chamber test, shuttle box and resident-intruder test. The gene expression of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR assessed in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Findings indicated that MS is associated with autistic-like behaviors. Anethole increased the sociability and social preference indexes in the three-chamber test, increased duration of secondary latency in the shuttle box test and decreased aggressive behaviors in the resident-intruder test. Also, anethole increased the gene expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the hippocampus of MS mice. We concluded that anethole through increase in the gene expression of PI3K/ AKT/mTOR mitigated autistic-like behaviors induced by MS in mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022868/pdfft?md5=83a766f84f65f427d6cd7aac5da533b3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022868-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138570297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A key protein from Borrelia burgdorferi could stimulate cytokines in human microglial cells and inhibitory effects of Cucurbitacin IIa","authors":"Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Wen ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Cao ,&nbsp;Peng Yue ,&nbsp;Jing Kong ,&nbsp;Meixiao Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Fan ,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Ji ,&nbsp;Yan Dong ,&nbsp;Guozhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Bingxue Li ,&nbsp;Aihua Liu ,&nbsp;Fukai Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is an infectious disease of the nervous system caused by <em>Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb)</em> infection. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. We used recombinant BmpA (rBmpA) to stimulate human microglia cell HMC3, then collected the culture supernatant and extracted total RNA from cells, and used the supernatant for cytokine chip, then ELISA and qPCR technology were used to validate the results from cytokine chip. After rBmpA stimulation of microglia, 24 inflammation-related cytokines showed elevated expression. Among them, six cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL1, and CXCL10) increased significantly in mRNA transcription, three cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL10) concentrations in the cell supernatant increased significantly after the rBmpA stimulation, and CuIIa could inhibit expression of these cytokines. The BmpA can stimulate human microglia to produce large amounts of cytokines, leading to the occurrence of inflammation, which may be closely related to the development of LNB. CuIIa can inhibit BmpA-induced cytokine production in microglia, which may have potential therapeutic effects on LNB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022820/pdfft?md5=73dbbd3f762e046591ce2e0ebc3659b3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022820-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-on-task effects on human pupillary and saccadic metrics after theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation over the frontal eye field","authors":"Chin-An Wang ,&nbsp;Neil G. Muggleton ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsuan Chang ,&nbsp;Cesar Barquero ,&nbsp;Ying-Chun Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pupil size undergoes constant changes primarily influenced by ambient luminance. These changes are referred to as the pupillary light reflex (PLR), where the pupil transiently constricts in response to light. PLR kinematics provides valuable insights into autonomic nervous system function and have significant clinical applications. Recent research indicates that attention plays a role in modulating the PLR, and the circuit involving the frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus is causally involved in controlling this pupillary modulation. However, there is limited research exploring the role of the human FEF in these pupillary responses, and its impact on PLR metrics remains unexplored. Additionally, although the protocol of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) is well-established, the period of disruption after cTBS is yet to be examined in pupillary responses. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of FEF cTBS on pupillary and saccadic metrics in relation to time spent performing a task (referred to as time-on-task). We presented a bright stimulus to induce the PLR in visual- and memory-delay saccade tasks following cTBS over the right FEF or vertex. FEF cTBS, compared to vertex cTBS, resulted in decreased baseline pupil size, peak constriction velocities, and amplitude. Furthermore, the time-on-task effects on baseline pupil size, peak amplitude, and peak time differed between the two stimulation conditions. In contrast, the time-on-task effects on saccadic metrics were less pronounced between the two conditions. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that FEF cTBS affects human PLR metrics and that these effects are modulated by time-on-task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022790/pdfft?md5=a79ff74daf5410f73fcf7675f1ef330f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022790-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134655882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capparis sepiaria’s root bark aqueous lyophilisate shows antiamnesic properties on scopolamine induce cognitive impairment in mice","authors":"Francis Bray Yassi ,&nbsp;Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye ,&nbsp;Tatiana Diebo Kom ,&nbsp;Gabriella Dongmo Tonleu ,&nbsp;Maxwell Blesdel Adassi ,&nbsp;Aurelien Fossueh Foutsop ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Ngo Bum","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Capparis sepiaria</em> (Capparaceae) is a plant used in African traditional medicine to treat psychiatic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-amnesic effect of aqueous lyophilisate of the root bark of <em>Capparis sepiaria</em> (<em>C. sepiaria</em>) on scopolamine-induced animal model of memory impairment using Swiss albino adult mice of both sexes. Memory integrity was assessed by Morris water Maze test<strong>,</strong> Novel Object Recognition (NOR) and Object-location memory (OLT) tasks were used to assess behavioural components of memory processes and learning. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), NO levels and catalase were used to assess oxidative stress while acethylcholinesterase activity was used to evaluate acetylcholine activity in the hippocampus tissues. The quantitative phytochemistry and acute toxicity of the roots of <em>C. sepiaria</em> were also evaluated. The aqueous lyophilisate of <em>C. sepiaria</em> at doses of 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg significantly increased the discrimination index in the Morris Water Maze and the objet location tasks. The aqueous lyophilisate of <em>C. sepiaria</em> significantly increased hippocampal GSH and catalase levels and decreased hippocampal MDA, NO levels and achetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. The aqueous lyophilisate of <em>C. sepiaria</em> showed no acute toxicity with a LD₅₀ &gt; 5000 mg/kg, and revealed a content of flavonoids, tannins and phenols. These results suggest that <em>C. sepiaria</em> improve memory impairment induced by scopolamine and therefore possess antiamnesic properties. These properties would result from a modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission as well as an antioxidant activity of the plant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022789/pdfft?md5=7e6bb2ba34a75f75531d8da87db6881d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022789-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92118051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ameliorates symptoms in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome)","authors":"Kunihisa Miwa ,&nbsp;Yukichi Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Central nervous system dysfunction has been postulated to cause debilitating symptoms in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) (originally called “chronic fatigue syndrome”). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a newly developed neuromodulatory procedure and has been suggested to facilitate the cortical neural activity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study enrolled 30 patients with ME (7 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 39 ± 12 years, who received rTMS treatment of both the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left primary motor area in the brain. The performance status score (0−9) for restricting activities of daily living, orthostatic intolerance (OI) during a 10-min standing test, neurologic disequilibrium diagnosed as unstable standing with their feet together and eyes closed, neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia, and muscle weakness were compared before and after treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After therapy, favorable effects were observed with a decrease in performance status score or index for restriction of activities of daily living of ≥ 2 points in 20 patients (67%). OI with the inability to complete the 10-min standing test was resolved in 10 (83%) out of 12 patients, and disequilibrium was resolved in 15 (88%) out of 17 patients. Neuropathic pain or fibromyalgia was attenuated in seven (70%) out of 10 patients. Muscle weakness with grip power of &lt; 10 kg was resolved in two (50%) out of four patients. No untoward effects were encountered in all the study patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The treatment with rTMS is effective in alleviating various symptoms, especially OI and disequilibrium, and in improving the activities of daily living in patients with ME.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022777/pdfft?md5=1c24f7f1a4c01862a7c1d284320bb16f&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022777-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91968476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of endogenous substance P on visceral afferent signal integration in the nucleus tractus solitaries of rat brainstem slices","authors":"Zhenhua Jin ,&nbsp;Jin-Bae Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Ho Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the first synapse of the blood-pressure-regulating pathway, a neurokinin (NK) family peptide substance P (SP) is release with an excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, to enhance the sensitivity of the baroreflex responses<em>.</em> However, the underlying mechanisms of action are not yet well understood. The effects of NK receptor antagonists and agonists on solitary tract stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic responses were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of neurons in the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS) in the brainstem. SP reduced the amplitude of the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) and shifted the holding current inward, in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations of SP needed to induce such responses were different between capsaicin-sensitive unmyelinated (C-type) and capsaicin-resistant myelinated (A-type) neurons. The perfusion of a NK1 receptor antagonist, sendide, reduced the amplitude of eEPSCs in all tested neurons but did not affect the levels of the holding current. A Neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1 receptor) agonist, [Sar⁹, Met(O₂)¹¹]-SP, reduced the amplitude of the eEPSCs and shifted the holding current inward in capsaicin-resistant neurons; however, it failed to induce any significant changes in the capsaicin-sensitive neurons. Furthermore, a selective Neurokinin type 3 receptor (NK3 receptor) antagonist, SB223412, failed to induce any changes in any tested neuron. In current-clamp experiments, sendide reduced solitary tract (ST)-stimulation evoked firing of action potentials in both A- and C-type neurons. [Sar⁹, Met(O₂)¹¹]-SP suppressed the firing of the action potentials in C-type but not A-type neurons. In spontaneous synaptic recordings, SP reduced frequency of the sEPSCs in CAP sensitive neuron but NK1 agonist reduced at capsaicin resistant neurons. Taken together, the findings show that ST activation leads to the co-transmission of SP and glutamate and enhances baroreflex sensitivity by potentiating the amplitude of eEPSC in an NK1 receptor activity-dependent manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022765/pdfft?md5=b944916318bdadb3dd6a649557b485f7&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022765-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91968463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroscience literacy in educators’ training programs in Asia: A call to action","authors":"Astrid Schmied ,&nbsp;Azilawati Jamaludin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The center of learning is the brain and the disciplinary science that examines its structure and functioning, and the nervous system as a whole, is called neuroscience. The assimilation of essential neuroscience-related content by educational systems has gained global interest, given the relevance of learning to education. Recognizing the significance of frontline workers, several governmental agencies and educational institutions have launched initiatives to foster the inclusion of neuroscience literacy in educators’ training programs. Their success, however, has depended on collaborative efforts among educators, researchers, and other educational stakeholders, and the process has involved considerable debate. Here, we aim to articulate a rationale to promote neuroscience literacy for educators. In doing so, we revisit prior arguments on the importance of training educators and build up on other reasons to advocate for this kind of endeavor considering cutting-edge research. Following this, we discuss critical elements to advance neuroscience literacy for educators and examine the most important challenges to execute successful initiatives. Finally, we appraise the significance for Asia, reviewing the scholarly literature on educators’ prior experiences, and highlight the case of Singapore as an exemplar initiative that catalizes human capital, infrastructure, and strategies to advance neuroscience literacy. We conclude by arguing that governmental agencies and educational institutions should strengthen their efforts to accommodate their programmatic plans and agendas to embrace neuroscience literacy in educators’ training programs. This global trend has arrived to stay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123022753/pdfft?md5=14de21ba8dd803f2c7efd16d491eadf7&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242123022753-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91968481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}