IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Developing preclinical dog models for reconstructive severed spinal cord continuity via spinal cord fusion technique","authors":"Tingting Shen ,&nbsp;Weihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Rongyu Lan ,&nbsp;Zhihui Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Qin ,&nbsp;Jiayang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuotan Wu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Shen ,&nbsp;Qikai Lin ,&nbsp;Yudong Xu ,&nbsp;Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Yiwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yuance Ning ,&nbsp;Haixuan Deng ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe impairment of the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The present study investigates the efficacy of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated spinal cord fusion (SCF) techniques, demonstrating efficacious in various animal models with complete spinal cord transection at the T10 level. This research focuses on a comparative analysis of three SCF treatment models in beagles: spinal cord transection (SCT), vascular pedicle hemisected spinal cord transplantation (vSCT), and vascularized allograft spinal cord transplantation (vASCT) surgical model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven female beagles were included in the SCT surgical model, while four female dogs were enrolled in the vSCT surgical model. Additionally, twelve female dogs underwent vASCT in a paired donor-recipient setup. Three surgical model were evaluated and compared through electrophysiology, imaging and behavioral recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed a progressive recovery in the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models, with no statistically significant differences observed in cBBB scores at both 2-month and 6-month post-operation (both <em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Neuroimaging analysis across the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models revealed spinal cord graft survival and fiber regrowth across transection sites at 6 months postoperatively. Also, positive MEP waveforms were recorded in all three surgical models at 6-month post-surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study underscores the clinical relevance of PEG-mediated SCF techniques in promoting nerve fusion, repair, and motor functional recovery in SCI. SCT, vSCT, and vASCT, tailored to specific clinical characteristics, demonstrated similar effective therapeutic outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 560-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212400040X/pdfft?md5=3a6faf6ed3bddaddff23ef4522c54e69&pid=1-s2.0-S266724212400040X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined EEG-tDCS approach in resting state to reduce comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in affective disorders: A sham-controlled pilot study","authors":"Tania A. Couto ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Davis C. Lak ,&nbsp;Zhen Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous challenges have been imposed on mental health science by Anxiety and Depression disorders as the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. Pharmacologic and cognitive behavioral therapies, either alone or in combination, have been considered as the first-line therapies, however, resistant symptomatology is prevalent in comorbid conditions with symptoms remaining after interventions. The demand for new therapeutic solutions has given space to the development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS), and the transmagnetic direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported as a safe and well-tolerated technique for the treatment of several mental health conditions, including Anxiety and Depression disorders. Relying on quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)- tDCS approach, the current study aims to inspect the effect of tDCS intervention on patients who suffer from anxiety-depression comorbidity, in particular, the impact of tDCS intervention on qEEG spectral power activity and resting-state connectivity organization during eyes closed and eyes open protocols. QEEG data were acquired from eight patients suffering from moderate to severe anxiety-depression comorbid symptoms along with poor coping skills to manage stress and negative affect. Twelve control subjects allocated in the control group exhibiting low to moderate symptoms in both anxiety and depression conditions went also through the qEEG data acquisition. In addition, a sham-controlled study was conducted, and the patient group went through resting-state qEEG-tDCS neuromodulation once a week for ten weeks. Various-stage qEEG recordings were performed to inspect the efficacy of tDCS treatment during the modulation of brain regions involved in the regulation of affective responses. Our results demonstrated that after tDCS neuromodulation, the patients' groups exhibited decreased absolute power abnormalities over the left anterior cingulate cortex and reduced abnormal activity in the alpha band over posterior regions; improved functional connectivity indexes; decreased anxiety and depressive scores while positive affect score was improved. Besides the promising improvements, our study did not find a significant tDCS effect on perceived stress and negative affect scores. Consistently, significant differences in absolute spectral power over the left anterior cingulate cortex were detected among the patient group, as compared to the controls, as expected. Therefore, our study offers preliminary data to understand the neuroplasticity changes that potentially result from the manipulation of cortical excitability during affective regulation protocols followed by the consequent decrease of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptomatology. The pilot study was followed by prospective registration with ChiCTR2200062142.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 571-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000423/pdfft?md5=9a986103536f904b24e6697b964031fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icariin inhibits apoptosis in OGD-induced neurons by regulating M2 pyruvate kinase","authors":"Shan Chen ,&nbsp;Renfang Zou ,&nbsp;Jiayi Si ,&nbsp;Qianzhi Shi ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Kang ,&nbsp;Jie Ni ,&nbsp;Dujuan Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ischaemic stroke can lead to many complications, but treatment options are limited. Icariin is a traditional Chinese medicine with reported neuroprotective effects against ischaemic cerebral injury; however, the underlying mechanisms by which icariin ameliorates cell apoptosis require further study.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of icariin after ischaemic stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>N2a neuronal cells were used to create an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The effects of icariin on OGD cells were assessed using the CCK-8 kit to detect the survival of cells and based on the concentration, apoptosis markers, inflammation markers, and M2 pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (PKM2) expression were detected using western blotting, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we used the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 and detected apoptosis-related proteins.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We demonstrated that icariin alleviated OGD-induced apoptosis in vitro. The expression levels of the apoptosis marker proteins caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, icariin reduced inflammation and downregulated the expression of PKM2. Moreover, activation of the PKM2 by pretreatment with the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 enhanced the effects on OGD induced cell apoptosis in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study elucidated the underlying mechanism of PKM2 in OGD-induced cell apoptosis and highlighted the potential of icariin in the treatment of ischaemic stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000393/pdfft?md5=d609b85028cce4edc4e6fe73c33b6e1b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal determinants of employment status in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","authors":"E.E.A. van Egmond ,&nbsp;K. van der Hiele ,&nbsp;M.J. de Rooij ,&nbsp;D.A.M. van Gorp ,&nbsp;P.J. Jongen ,&nbsp;J.J.L. van der Klink ,&nbsp;M.F. Reneman ,&nbsp;E.A.C. Beenakker ,&nbsp;J.J.J. van Eijk ,&nbsp;S.T.F.M. Frequin ,&nbsp;K. de Gans ,&nbsp;E. Hoitsma ,&nbsp;O.H.H. Gerlach ,&nbsp;J.P. Mostert ,&nbsp;W.I.M. Verhagen ,&nbsp;L.H. Visser ,&nbsp;H.A.M. Middelkoop","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To investigate longitudinal relationships between employment status and disease-related, (neuro)psychological, and work-related factors in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>170 employed people with MS underwent yearly neurological and neuropsychological examinations to assess MS-related disability and cognitive functioning. Additionally, they completed yearly questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive complaints, workplace support and coping. Multilevel models for change were fitted to examine progression of these factors over three years, and to assess possible relationships with change in employment status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>People with a deteriorated employment status after three years reported more depression (<em>p=</em>0.009), a higher impact of fatigue (<em>p&lt;</em>0.001), more cognitive complaints (<em>p&lt;</em>0.001) and less workplace support (<em>p=</em>0.001) at baseline than people with a stable employment status. There were no differences in progression over time of the examined variables between people with a stable or deteriorated employment status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>More depression, a higher impact of fatigue, more cognitive complaints and less workplace support are predictive of a deteriorated employment status after three years in individuals with MS. How these factors progress over time is not different between those with a stable or deteriorated employment. MS-related disability, anxiety, objective cognition and coping were not related to a deterioration in employment status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 518-526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000368/pdfft?md5=8315bfc67abd2fad550a0a94709ab5fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000368-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of nitric oxide in the anticonvulsant effects of betulin in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice","authors":"Fatemeh Eghbali,&nbsp;Hossein Tahmasebi Dehkordi,&nbsp;Hossein Amini-Khoei,&nbsp;Zahra Lorigooini,&nbsp;Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epilepsy poses a significant challenge, especially for drug-resistant cases, necessitating novel treatment avenues. This study explores the potential interplay between nitric oxide (NO) and the anticonvulsant effects of betulin, a triterpene with promising neuroprotective properties. While betulin exhibits anticonvulsant effects, the specific involvement of NO remains inadequately understood, constituting a pivotal gap in current knowledge. One hundred NMRI mice were randomly assigned to diverse treatment groups, with seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Parameters such as seizure threshold, nitrite levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and iNOS/nNOS gene expressions were assessed. Betulin significantly increased seizure thresholds and mitigated PTZ-induced NO levels. These findings suggest a potential modulation of NO-related pathways, emphasizing betulin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes. The study sheds light on betulin's multifaceted impact on oxidative stress, NO regulation, and iNOS/nNOS gene expressions. The ability of betulin to suppress iNOS/nNOS gene expressions, leading to reduce NO production, underscores its potential as an anticonvulsant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212400037X/pdfft?md5=d16b8a24de01ac7fdeb89a0114e878bc&pid=1-s2.0-S266724212400037X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive rehabilitation in bipolar spectrum disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Mahdiye Sarrafe Razavi ,&nbsp;Mazyar Fathi ,&nbsp;Elham Vahednia,&nbsp;Amir Rezaei Ardani,&nbsp;Sara Honari,&nbsp;Farzad Akbarzadeh,&nbsp;Ali Talaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Neurocognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) have a negative impact on the quality of life, even during the euthymic phase. And many studies conducted to improve cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder. This systematic review aims to summarize studies on cognitive rehabilitation (CR) conducted in bipolar patients and evaluate its impact on neurocognitive deficits. The primary objective is to explore how CR interventions can enhance cognitive functioning, treatment outcomes, and overall quality of life in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and PsycINFO databases from 1950 to 2023, following the 2015 PRISMA-P guidelines, using search terms related to BD and CR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The initial search yielded 371 titles across the five databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria through screening, a total of 23 articles were included in the study. The selected articles evaluated verbal memory, attention, executive functions, and social cognition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings suggest that CR can be an effective treatment approach for bipolar patients, aimed at enhancing their cognitive abilities, treatment outcomes, and overall quality of life. The primary finding of this study indicates that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) protocols, skill training, and homework exercises, which offer a daily structure, social support, and opportunities for exchanging coping strategies, are more effective in enhancing cognitive functions. However, it is important to acknowledge the notable limitations of this review. Firstly, we did not assess the methodological rigor of the included studies. Additionally, there was a lack of detailed analysis regarding specific cognitive rehabilitation approaches that adhere to core CR principles, resulting in increased heterogeneity within the reviewed studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 509-517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000356/pdfft?md5=ffd92f8df9fa26876ffaead6c588c96d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000356-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective role of the ginsenoside Rg1 against methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism on reflexive behaviors, conditioned fear and cortical antioxidant levels in mice offspring","authors":"Ali Sanaiee ,&nbsp;Shahin Hassanpour ,&nbsp;Bita Vazir","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ginsenoside Rg1(Rg1), a monomer of a tetracyclic triterpenoid derivative, possesses diverse medicinal properties attributed to its unique chemical structure and may have beneficial effects on fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of prenatal exposure to Rg1 against Methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism on reflexive behaviors, conditioned fear, and cortical antioxidant levels in mouse offspring.40 female virgin mice and 12 male NMRI mice were assigned to four groups: group 1 served as the control, group 2 received Methimazole(MMI) at a concentration of 0.02% in their drinking water, group 3 received Rg1(150 mg/kg), and group 4 received both MMI and Rg1.Groups of 2–4 were administered the substances from days 1–9 of gestation. After delivery, pups were selected, and reflexive motor behaviors and conditioned fear were assessed. Additionally, levels of brain tissue catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) levels were measured. Furthermore, postpartum immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and the number of squares crossed in the open field test (OFT)were determined. The results demonstrated that maternal exposure to Rg1 improved ambulation score, hind-limb suspension score, grip strength, front-limb suspension, hind-limb foot angle, negative geotaxis, surface righting, and conditioned fear in hypothyroidism-induced offspring(<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Rg1 decreased immobility time in the FST, and TST, and increased the number of squares crossed in the OFT in postpartum hypothyroidism-induced mice(<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Moreover, Rg1 reduced brain tissue MDA levels and increased brain tissue CAT, SOD, and GPx levels in mice and their offspring(<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). These findings indicate that Rg1 mitigated postpartum depression in mice and improved reflexive motor behaviors in their pups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 485-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000344/pdfft?md5=b83d5d63972e56511aa23e3614e23e1b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000344-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the neural substrate variations between easy and challenging creative association tasks during product design within an fMRI scanner","authors":"Wei-Chin Hsu ,&nbsp;Yu-chu Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In practice, individuals strive to develop highly original and valuable creative products within specific limitations. However, previous functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies focused on divergent-thinking tasks without considering the \"valuableness\" of an idea. Additionally, different types of creative tasks (e.g., the easier association vs. the harder association task) may engage distinct cognitive processes. This study aimed to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms associated with different types of creative thinking, specifically focusing on the generation of the most original and valuable creative product within an fMRI scanner. Twenty-one college students participated in a block design study. During each trial, participants were instructed to draw the most original and valuable product inspired by a given figure. The findings revealed that, in comparison to the harder association task, the easier association task led to broader activation across multiple brain regions. However, this broader activation resulted in inefficient thinking and poorer creative performance. Notably, the orbitofrontal cortex exhibited activation across various creativity tasks and displayed connectivity with several seed brain regions, highlighting the importance of decision-making when only one original and valuable product design is allowed. Furthermore, the complex functional connectivity observed between different brain networks reflects the intricate nature of creative thinking. To conclude, widespread activation of brain regions does not necessarily indicate superior creativity. Instead, optimal creative performance within constraints is achieved through an efficient utilization of association for generating innovative ideas, inhibition for suppressing unoriginal ideas, and decision-making to select the most creative idea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 550-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000307/pdfft?md5=d8d0dc8fa2b9489de2be71ad351a6bd3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rat ventral caudal nerve as a model for long distance regeneration","authors":"Ivo Vanický ,&nbsp;Juraj Blaško ,&nbsp;Zoltán Tomori ,&nbsp;Zuzana Michalová ,&nbsp;Eva Székiová","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the rat, tail nerves are the longest peripheral nerves in their body. We suggest that ventral caudal nerve (VCN) may serve as a model for studying nerve injury and long distance regeneration. For this purpose, we have studied the anatomy and morphometry of the VCN in control animals. 10 cm long segment of the VCN was removed, and transversal sections were collected at 10 mm distances. The myelinated axons were counted, and the series of data were used to characterize the craniocaudal tapering of the nerve. In a separate group of animals, retrograde tracing with Fluorogold was used to localize and quantitate the spinal neurons projecting their axons into the VCN. After complete nerve transection, the time course of histopathological changes in the distal segment was studied. The primary goal was to define the time needed for axonal disintegration. In later periods, axonal debris removal and rearrangement of tissue elements was documented. After compression injury (axonotmesis), Wallerian degeneration was followed by spontaneous regeneration of axons. We show that the growing axons will span the 10 cm distance within 4–8 weeks. After different survival periods, the numbers of regenerating axons were counted at 10 mm distances. These data were used to characterize the dynamics of axonal regeneration during 4 months’ survival period. In the present study we show that axonal regeneration across 10 cm distance can be studied and quantitatively analyzed in a small laboratory animal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 476-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000320/pdfft?md5=03171e018bc508f9c18d55ca3117ce51&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140274724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived microglia for the study of brain disorders. A comprehensive review of existing protocols","authors":"Fionicca Teo ,&nbsp;Catherine Yen Li Kok ,&nbsp;Mao-Jia Tan ,&nbsp;H. Shawn Je","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microglia, resident immune cells of the brain that originate from the yolk sac, play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis by monitoring and phagocytosing pathogens and cellular debris in the central nervous system (CNS). While they share characteristics with myeloid cells, they are distinct from macrophages. In response to injury, microglia release pro-inflammatory factors and contribute to brain homeostasis through activities such as synapse pruning and neurogenesis. To better understand their role in neurological disorders, the generation of <em>in vitro</em> models of human microglia has become essential. These models, derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide a controlled environment to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The incorporation or generation of microglia into three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures provides a more physiologically relevant environment that offers further opportunities to study microglial dynamics and disease modeling. This review describes several protocols that have been recently developed for the generation of human-induced microglia. Importantly, it highlights the promise of these <em>in vitro</em> models in advancing our understanding of brain disorders and facilitating personalized drug screening.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"16 ","pages":"Pages 497-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000290/pdfft?md5=ba26b6df5aa0bae9b2dab5f4653410a9&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000290-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}