IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Polarization of organoids by bioengineered symmetry breaking","authors":"Jae Ryun Ryu ,&nbsp;Kahee Ko ,&nbsp;Woong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Symmetry breaking leading to axis formation and spatial patterning is crucial for achieving more accurate recapitulation of human development in organoids. While these processes can occur spontaneously by self-organizing capabilities of pluripotent stem cells, they can often result in variation in structure and composition of cell types within organoids. To address this limitation, bioengineering techniques that utilize geometric, topological and stiffness factors are increasingly employed to enhance control and consistency. Here, we review how spontaneous manners and engineering tools such as micropattern, microfluidics, biomaterials, <em>etc.</em> can facilitate the process of symmetry breaking leading to germ layer patterning and the formation of anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes in blastoids, gastruloids, neuruloids and neural organoids. Furthermore, brain assembloids, which are composed of multiple brain regions through fusion processes are discussed. The overview of organoid polarization in terms of patterning tools can offer valuable insights for enhancing the physiological relevance of organoid system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000460/pdfft?md5=1a5c211344e28cb582a7e19548d79481&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000460-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The additive effect between citalopram and muscimol upon induction of antinociceptive effect in male mice","authors":"Taha Shokrnejad-namin ,&nbsp;Elnaz Amini ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khakpai ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous investigations have revealed the role of GABAergic and serotonergic systems in the modulation of pain behavior. This research aimed to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of GABA_A receptor agonist and antagonist as well as citalopram on pain behavior in male mice. For i.c.v. microinjection, a guide cannula was surgically implanted in the left lateral ventricle of male mice. Pain behavior was evaluated using a tail-flick test. Tail flick latency was measured in each experimental group of mice every 15 min (for 60 min). I.c.v. microinjection of muscimol (0.5 and 1 µg/mouse; GABA_A receptor agonist) into the left lateral ventricle dose-dependently induced an antinociceptive effect. On the other hand, i.c.v. infusion of bicuculline (1 µg/mouse; GABA_A receptor antagonist) induced a hyperalgesia response. Moreover, intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of citalopram (8 mg/kg) produced an antinociceptive effect. Co-treatment of citalopram (8 mg/kg) along with muscimol (0.25 µg/mouse) or bicuculline (0.25 µg/mouse) potentiated the antinociceptive effect produced by citalopram. We found an additive antinociceptive effect of citalopram and muscimol in male mice. In conclusion, our results suggested an interaction between citalopram and GABAergic agents on the modulation of pain behavior in male mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000472/pdfft?md5=2e897424261be5d41af55ff0dec10a42&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000472-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focal brain cooling suppresses spreading depolarization and reduces endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in rats","authors":"Yuya Hirayama ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kida ,&nbsp;Takao Inoue ,&nbsp;Kazutaka Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Fumiaki Oka ,&nbsp;Satoshi Shirao ,&nbsp;Hirochika Imoto ,&nbsp;Sadahiro Nomura ,&nbsp;Michiyasu Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of focal brain cooling (FBC) on spreading depolarization (SD), which is associated with several neurological disorders. Although it has been studied from various aspects, no medication has been developed that can effectively control SD. As FBC can reduce neuronal damage and promote functional recovery in pathological conditions such as epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic brain injury, it may also potentially suppress the onset and progression of SD. We created an experimental rat model of SD by administering 1 M potassium chloride (KCl) to the cortical surface. Changes in neuronal and vascular modalities were evaluated using multimodal recording, which simultaneously recorded brain temperature (BrT), wide range electrocorticogram, and two-dimensional cerebral blood flow. The rats were divided into two groups (cooling [CL] and non-cooling [NC]). Warm or cold saline was perfused on the surface of one hemisphere to maintain BrT at 37°C or 15°C in the NC and CL groups, respectively. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the effects of FBC on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In the NC group, KCl administration triggered repetitive SDs (mean frequency = 11.57/h). In the CL group, FBC increased the duration of all KCl-induced events and gradually reduced their frequency. Additionally, eNOS expression decreased in the cooled brain regions compared to the non-cooled contralateral hemisphere. The results obtained by multimodal recording suggest that FBC suppresses SD and decreases eNOS expression. This study may contribute to developing new treatments for SD and related neurological disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000459/pdfft?md5=8c737a71ea1abf2d651a0c0d007e60c7&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome: An Overview","authors":"Eduardo Ichikawa-Escamilla,&nbsp;Rodrigo A. Velasco-Martínez,&nbsp;Laura Adalid-Peralta","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease, commonly observed as a movement disorder in the group of parkinsonian diseases. The term PSP usually refers to PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS), the most typical clinical presentation. However, the broad concept of progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSP-S) applies to a set of clinical entities that share a pathophysiological origin and some symptoms. According to its clinical predominance, PSP-S is divided into subtypes. PSP-S has clinical similarities with Parkinson's disease, and both pathologies are classified in the group of parkinsonisms, but they do not share pathophysiological traits. By contrast, the pathophysiology of corticobasal syndrome (CBS) depends on tau expression and shares similarities with PSP-S in both pathophysiology and clinical picture. An involvement of the immune system has been proposed as a cause of neurodegeneration. The role of neuroinflammation in PSP-S has been studied by neuroimaging, among other methods. As it is the case in other neurodegenerative pathologies, microglial cells have been attributed a major role in PSP-S. While various studies have explored the detection and use of possible inflammatory biomarkers in PSP-S, no significant advances have been made in this regard. This review is aimed at highlighting the most relevant information on neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation in the development and progression of PSP-S, to lay the groundwork for further research on the pathophysiology, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies for PSP-S.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000411/pdfft?md5=baed6a1e62b2eba18612caf78dc4a236&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000411-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"East Asian perspective of responsible research and innovation in neurotechnology","authors":"Tamami Fukushi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After more than half a century of research and development (R&amp;D), Brain–computer interface (BCI)-based Neurotechnology continues to progress as one of the leading technologies of the 2020 s worldwide. Various reports and academic literature in Europe and the United States (U.S.) have outlined the trends in the R&amp;D of neurotechnology and the consideration of ethical issues, and the importance of the formulation of ethical principles, guidance and industrial standards as well as the development of relevant human resources has been discussed. However, limited number studies have focused on neurotechnology R&amp;D, the dissemination of neuroethics related to the academic foundation advancing the discussion on ethical principles, guidance and standards or human resource development in the Asian region. This study fills in this gap in understanding of Eastern Asian (China, Korea and Japan) situation based on the participation in activities to develop ethical principles, guidance, and industrial standards for appropriate use of neurotechnology, in addition to literature survey and clinical registries’ search investigation reflecting the trends in neurotechnology R&amp;D as well as its social implication in Asian region. The current study compared the results with the situation in Europa and the U.S. and discussed issues that need to be addressed in the future and discussed the significance and potential of corporate consortium initiatives in Japan and examples of ethics and governance activities in Asian Countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000435/pdfft?md5=ae4cc5e479c07d468b5cf2c902b8d093&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000435-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of spexin injection and its interaction with nitric oxide, serotonin, and corticotropin receptors on the central regulation of food intake in broilers","authors":"Mohaya Farzin ,&nbsp;Shahin Hassanpour ,&nbsp;Morteza Zendehdel ,&nbsp;Bita vazir ,&nbsp;Ahmad Asghari","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Complex homeostatic control mechanisms are tools to adjust the food birds eat and their appetite. Birds and mammals differ in several ways considering food intake regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the special effects of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of spexin and its interaction with nitric oxide, serotonin and corticotropin receptors on central food intake regulation in broilers. In the test 1, Broilers received ICV injection of saline, PCPA (p-chlorophenylalanine,1.25 µg), spexin (10 nmol) and PCPA+spexin. In test 2–7, 8-OH-DPAT, SB-242084 (5-HT2C, 1.5 µg), L-arginine (Precursor of nitric oxide, 200 nmol), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthetize inhibitor, 100 nmol), Astressin-B (30 µg) and Astressin2-B (30 µg) were injected to Broilers instead of the PCPA. Then, the amount of food received was measured up to 2 h after the injection. The food consumption was significantly decreased by Spexin (10 nmol) (P&lt;0.05). Concomitant injection of SB-242084+spexin attenuated spexin-induced hypophagia (P&lt;0.05). Co-injection of L-arginine+spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia and this effect was reversed by L-NAME (P&lt;0.05). Also, concomitant injection of Astressin-B + spexin or Astressin2-B + spexin enhanced spexin-induced hypophagia (P&lt;0.05). Founded on these observations, spexin-induced hypophagia may be mediated by nitric oxide and 5-HT2C, CRF1, and CRF2 receptors in neonatal broilers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000447/pdfft?md5=8f374f3b2adae40ffd7c8b7a227995bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000447-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The medicalization of ethics or ethicalization of neuroscience: Toward a conceptual re-examination","authors":"Hamidreza Namazi ,&nbsp;Saba Mirikermanshahi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thinking With a growing body of brain science, the research and technological interventions in neuroscience have led to the rise of some ethical, moral, legal, conceptual, and socioeconomic problems. These problems and the need to establish an intellectual framework to approach them framed the base of Neuroethics. Most conveniently, the normative definition of Neuroethics is declared as ethics of neuroscience and neuroscience of ethics. However, there are more critical issues to define and frame the conceptual structure of the field. The current naturalist-positivist vision in neuroscience will extend the concept that human behavior, such as decision-making, consciousness, character, and moral intuitions, are mechanical features of a machine. Arguments from philosophical and anthropological views arose around this definition, focusing on the reductionist nature of merely a positive view of the human mind and behavior. Thinking through the pearls of such an approach and what would be at stake if we fail to recognize the importance of the philosophical-anthropological aspect of neuroscience, we first review different definitions and critics of the field, then proceed to discuss two concepts of Ethicalization and Medicalization. These concepts clearly show the established positivist-naturalist view in bioethics and the issues it caused. To better understand these two concepts, we use existing discussions and literature around them in bioethics. By reviewing the existing literature and adding a philosophical view of the field, we aim to add a new approach to the field of Neuroethics. We focus on adopting an interdisciplinary approach to Neuroethics to provide the needed background vision and theory to discuss interdisciplinary issues and enable scholars and theorists to reframe the fundamental issues of the field, such as the nature and scope of Neuroethics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000381/pdfft?md5=1c127c7fd78b71e212084dd27654d6e5&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000381-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing preclinical dog models for reconstructive severed spinal cord continuity via spinal cord fusion technique","authors":"Tingting Shen ,&nbsp;Weihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Rongyu Lan ,&nbsp;Zhihui Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Qin ,&nbsp;Jiayang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuotan Wu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Shen ,&nbsp;Qikai Lin ,&nbsp;Yudong Xu ,&nbsp;Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Yiwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yuance Ning ,&nbsp;Haixuan Deng ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe impairment of the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The present study investigates the efficacy of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated spinal cord fusion (SCF) techniques, demonstrating efficacious in various animal models with complete spinal cord transection at the T10 level. This research focuses on a comparative analysis of three SCF treatment models in beagles: spinal cord transection (SCT), vascular pedicle hemisected spinal cord transplantation (vSCT), and vascularized allograft spinal cord transplantation (vASCT) surgical model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seven female beagles were included in the SCT surgical model, while four female dogs were enrolled in the vSCT surgical model. Additionally, twelve female dogs underwent vASCT in a paired donor-recipient setup. Three surgical model were evaluated and compared through electrophysiology, imaging and behavioral recovery.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed a progressive recovery in the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models, with no statistically significant differences observed in cBBB scores at both 2-month and 6-month post-operation (both <em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Neuroimaging analysis across the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models revealed spinal cord graft survival and fiber regrowth across transection sites at 6 months postoperatively. Also, positive MEP waveforms were recorded in all three surgical models at 6-month post-surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study underscores the clinical relevance of PEG-mediated SCF techniques in promoting nerve fusion, repair, and motor functional recovery in SCI. SCT, vSCT, and vASCT, tailored to specific clinical characteristics, demonstrated similar effective therapeutic outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212400040X/pdfft?md5=3a6faf6ed3bddaddff23ef4522c54e69&pid=1-s2.0-S266724212400040X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined EEG-tDCS approach in resting state to reduce comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms in affective disorders: A sham-controlled pilot study","authors":"Tania A. Couto ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Davis C. Lak ,&nbsp;Zhen Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous challenges have been imposed on mental health science by Anxiety and Depression disorders as the most prevalent and debilitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. Pharmacologic and cognitive behavioral therapies, either alone or in combination, have been considered as the first-line therapies, however, resistant symptomatology is prevalent in comorbid conditions with symptoms remaining after interventions. The demand for new therapeutic solutions has given space to the development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS), and the transmagnetic direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported as a safe and well-tolerated technique for the treatment of several mental health conditions, including Anxiety and Depression disorders. Relying on quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)- tDCS approach, the current study aims to inspect the effect of tDCS intervention on patients who suffer from anxiety-depression comorbidity, in particular, the impact of tDCS intervention on qEEG spectral power activity and resting-state connectivity organization during eyes closed and eyes open protocols. QEEG data were acquired from eight patients suffering from moderate to severe anxiety-depression comorbid symptoms along with poor coping skills to manage stress and negative affect. Twelve control subjects allocated in the control group exhibiting low to moderate symptoms in both anxiety and depression conditions went also through the qEEG data acquisition. In addition, a sham-controlled study was conducted, and the patient group went through resting-state qEEG-tDCS neuromodulation once a week for ten weeks. Various-stage qEEG recordings were performed to inspect the efficacy of tDCS treatment during the modulation of brain regions involved in the regulation of affective responses. Our results demonstrated that after tDCS neuromodulation, the patients' groups exhibited decreased absolute power abnormalities over the left anterior cingulate cortex and reduced abnormal activity in the alpha band over posterior regions; improved functional connectivity indexes; decreased anxiety and depressive scores while positive affect score was improved. Besides the promising improvements, our study did not find a significant tDCS effect on perceived stress and negative affect scores. Consistently, significant differences in absolute spectral power over the left anterior cingulate cortex were detected among the patient group, as compared to the controls, as expected. Therefore, our study offers preliminary data to understand the neuroplasticity changes that potentially result from the manipulation of cortical excitability during affective regulation protocols followed by the consequent decrease of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptomatology. The pilot study was followed by prospective registration with ChiCTR2200062142.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000423/pdfft?md5=9a986103536f904b24e6697b964031fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000423-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icariin inhibits apoptosis in OGD-induced neurons by regulating M2 pyruvate kinase","authors":"Shan Chen ,&nbsp;Renfang Zou ,&nbsp;Jiayi Si ,&nbsp;Qianzhi Shi ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Kang ,&nbsp;Jie Ni ,&nbsp;Dujuan Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ischaemic stroke can lead to many complications, but treatment options are limited. Icariin is a traditional Chinese medicine with reported neuroprotective effects against ischaemic cerebral injury; however, the underlying mechanisms by which icariin ameliorates cell apoptosis require further study.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of icariin after ischaemic stroke and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>N2a neuronal cells were used to create an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The effects of icariin on OGD cells were assessed using the CCK-8 kit to detect the survival of cells and based on the concentration, apoptosis markers, inflammation markers, and M2 pyruvate kinase isoenzyme (PKM2) expression were detected using western blotting, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we used the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 and detected apoptosis-related proteins.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We demonstrated that icariin alleviated OGD-induced apoptosis in vitro. The expression levels of the apoptosis marker proteins caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated. Furthermore, icariin reduced inflammation and downregulated the expression of PKM2. Moreover, activation of the PKM2 by pretreatment with the PKM2 agonist TEPP-46 enhanced the effects on OGD induced cell apoptosis in vitro.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study elucidated the underlying mechanism of PKM2 in OGD-induced cell apoptosis and highlighted the potential of icariin in the treatment of ischaemic stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000393/pdfft?md5=d609b85028cce4edc4e6fe73c33b6e1b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}