IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the neurological effects of anethole","authors":"Ramina Khodadadian,&nbsp;Shima Balali- Dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since ancient times many countries have employed medicinal plants as part of traditional medicine. Anethole is a substance found in various plants and has two isomers, cis-anethole (CA) and trans-anethole (TA). Currently, the food industry extensively use anethole as an aromatic and flavoring component. Extensive scientific research are warranted to provide scientific proof for the usage of anethole, given its widespread use and affordable price. Preclinical studies have suggested several pharmacological effects for anethole including neuroprotective properties. It has been determined that anethole through modulation of monoamines, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic neurotransmissions as well as its possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress properties affected central nervous system (CNS). In this concept previous studies have demonstrated anxiolytic, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, and memory improvement effects for anethole. To fully understand its therapeutic potentials, more research are required to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which TA and CA affected CNS. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pharmacological activities of the anethole concentrating its neurological properties, and the possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Various pharmacological effects which have been reported suggesting that anethole could be considered as a potential agent for management of neurological disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the diversity of cannabis cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid compounds and their roles in Alzheimer's disease: A review","authors":"Hanane Doumar ,&nbsp;Hicham El Mostafi ,&nbsp;Aboubaker Elhessni ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ebn Touhami ,&nbsp;Abdelhalem Mesfioui","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis sativa is recognized for its chemical diversity and therapeutic potential, particularly in addressing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the complexity of AD, where single-target therapies often prove inadequate, a multi-target approach utilizing cannabis-derived compounds may offer promising alternatives. This review first highlights the chemical diversity of cannabis by categorizing its compounds into cannabinoids and non-cannabinoids. It then examines studies investigating the effects of these compounds on AD-related pathological features. By synthesizing existing knowledge, identifying research gaps, and facilitating comparative analysis, this review aims to advance future research and understanding. It underscores cannabis's potential as a multi-target therapeutic strategy for AD, contributing valuable insights to ongoing scientific discussions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 96-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Khaya senegalensis to mitigate epileptogenesis and cognitive dysfunction on kainate-induced post-status epilepticus model","authors":"Antoine Kavaye Kandeda ,&nbsp;Liliane Yimta Foutse ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Lewale ,&nbsp;Théophile Dimo","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>To date, there is no treatment to prevent the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of drug-resistant epilepsy. A recent study revealed the antiepileptic-like effect of the aqueous extract of <em>Khaya senegalensis</em>. Given the potential of this extract, the antiepileptogenic- and learning and memory-facilitating-like effects of the aqueous extract of <em>Khaya senegalensis</em> were assessed using the kainate-induced post-<em>status epilepticus</em> model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Epilepsy was induced by injecting a single dose of kainate (12 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Animals that developed 2 hours of <em>status-epilepticus</em> were randomized and treated as follows: a negative control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg, <em>p.o.</em>); two positive control groups received sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, <em>p.o.</em>) or phenobarbital (20 mg/kg, <em>p.o.</em>); and three test groups received the extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, <em>p.o</em>.). A sham group was added and received distilled water (10 ml/kg, <em>p.o.</em>). All treatments were performed twice daily until the occurrence of the first spontaneous seizure (stage 4 or 5) in the negative control group, on day 14. After the completion of treatments, memory impairment was assessed using the T-maze. Two weeks following behavioral analysis, the rats that received the most effective dose of the extract on spontaneous recurrent were challenged with pentylenetetrazole (30 mg/kg, i.p.). This is to assess their susceptibility to generalized tonic-clonic seizures (stage 5). Rats were finally euthanized, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, or neurogenesis markers were quantified in the hippocampus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The extract of <em>Khaya senegalensis</em> significantly prevented spontaneous recurrent seizures on day 14. It also reduced cognitive decline. Furthermore, it significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and increased those of neurotrophic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings thus suggest that the extract is endowed with antiepileptogenic- and learning and memory-enhancing-like effects. These effects are likely mediated by anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic pathways. This justifies, therefore, its use to treat empirically epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal dietary folate imbalance alters cerebellar astrocyte morphology and density in offspring","authors":"Philip Maseghe Mwachaka,&nbsp;Peter Gichangi,&nbsp;Adel Abdelmalek,&nbsp;Paul Odula,&nbsp;Julius Ogeng’o","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Maternal folate usage is essential for neurodevelopment, but its effects on cerebellar structure are unclear. Cerebellum undergoes a protracted period of development, making it sensitive to maternal nutritional imbalances. Astrocytes are necessary for cerebellar cortex structure and function. This study examined the impact of varying maternal dietary folate levels on the morphology and density of cerebellar astrocytes in rat offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Twelve adult female rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) were randomly allocated to one of four premixed food groups: standard (2 mg/kg), folate-deficient (0 mg/kg), folate-supplemented (8 mg/kg), or folate supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg). The rats began their diets 14 days before mating and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. On postnatal day 35, five pups from each group were sacrificed and their cerebellums were processed for immunohistochemical examination. The cerebellar astrocytes were labelled with an antibody against Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The offspring of the folate-deficient diet group exhibited few Bergmann and granule layer astrocytes. The Bergmann radial glial processes in this group were thinner, discontinuous, poorly organised, and had unclear end feet compared to controls. Conversely, the folate-supplemented group showed a predominance of well-organized Bergmann glia astrocytes with distinct, thicker, and densely packed processes, ending in clear conical pial foot processes. In the supra-supplemented group, there was evidence of astrogliosis in the form of large granule layer astrocytes with extended cytoplasmic projections. The Bergmann glia in this group were fewer and more varied in distribution and morphology. Some locations had many astrocytic processes, whereas others had none. Some processes were discontinuous and tortuous. The proportion of cerebellar cortical GFAP immunoreactive cells in folate-deficient diet, controls, folate-supplemented, and folate supra-supplemented groups were 2.09 ± 0.06 %, 4.69 ± 0.12 %, 10.14 ± 0.67 %, and 23.12 ± 3.48 %, respectively (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings imply that both folate deficiency and excess supplementation in pregnancy can impair normal cerebellar astrocyte development, highlighting the importance of balanced folate levels during pregnancy for optimal neurodevelopmental outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11751541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginkgolide B as a biopsychosocial treatment salvages repeated restraint stress-induced amygdalar anomalies in mice","authors":"Olusegun G. Adebayo ,&nbsp;Benneth Ben-Azu ,&nbsp;Wadioni Aduema ,&nbsp;Oyetola T. Oyebanjo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel U. Modo ,&nbsp;Iheagwam Pauline Ndidiamaka ,&nbsp;Spiff E. Eleazer ,&nbsp;Joseph Igbo Enya ,&nbsp;Abayomi M. Ajayi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From preclinical and clinical findings, it has been shown that the amygdala is a critical mediator of stress and primary target for stress effects in the brain. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of Ginkgolide B (GB) in repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral deficit and amygdalar inflammation in mice. Mice were orally pre-treated with GB 20 mg/kg 1 h prior to 4 h restraint stress for 21 consecutive days. Behavioural deficit and serum and amygdalar biochemical changes were estimated using spectrophotometric and ELISA techniques. The results showed that GB pre-treatment inhibited spatial memory deficit, renounces neuropsychiatric phenotypes and metabolic redox activity by augmenting the endogenous antioxidant system via Nrf2 levels in the mice. The HPA axis activity impaired by the restraint stress induction was abated with marked reduction of corticosterone, hypertrophy of the adrenal gland and blood glucose level. Meanwhile, our data further reveals that GB pre-treatment inhibited the release of neuroinflammatory mediators (MPO, TNF-α, IL-6, MAPK, COX-2) and elevated CREB production via activation of BDNF protein. Further, the acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited while the level of glutamate release remains unchanged in the amygdala of the restraint mice. The GB treatment also up-regulate the release of BCL-2 proteins. This study suggests that GB could be considered as a therapeutic agent in the management of memory impairment, neuropsychiatric phenotypes and neuropathological alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative analgesia with morphine promoting microglial activation and neuroinflammation induced by surgery aggravates perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction in aged mice","authors":"Xiuzhi Shao ,&nbsp;Liping Xie ,&nbsp;Jingwen Zhai ,&nbsp;Mingyue Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a significant challenge for patients who need surgery worldwide. Morphine can trigger an intense inflammatory reaction in the central nervous system (CNS) at the same time as analgesia, thus adverse effects aggravating PND. Microglia polarization is closely involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms of morphine analgesia aggravating PND impairment remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tibial fracture surgery was performed in 18 months old male C57BL/6 J mice to mimic human orthopedic surgery and postoperative analgesia with morphine hypodermic or ropivacaine. Levels of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus, activation, and phenotype of microglia, an essential protein of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependent memory function were evaluated after surgery and postoperative analgesia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Morphine postoperative analgesia increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α, decreased the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10, aggravated the activation of microglia and the destruction of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, resulting in hippocampal neuron loss, a significant decrease in the number of synapses and cognitive impairment in aged mice. In addition, the aggravation of neuroinflammatory response and the activation of microglia may be mediated by TLR4/MyD88/NF- κ B signal pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results demonstrate that morphine postoperative analgesia may aggravate microglia activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF- κ B signal pathway and inhibiting the synaptic plasticity hippocampal neurons. It aggravated the acute cognitive decline and cognitive impairment after tibial fracture in elderly mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the severity of neglect in patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) after stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","authors":"Shanshan Shi ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Wu ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Hujun Wang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Shuyan Qie","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) following right hemisphere stroke is more pronounced, severe, and persistent than in the left hemisphere. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying USN remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the right hemisphere of patients with post-stroke USN and the severity of neglect using resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology. This could provide new theoretical insights into the subtle changes in the pathophysiology of spontaneous neural activity in brain regions of patients with USN.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen patients with post-stroke USN (USN group) and twenty-four control subjects (control group) were selected. A 22-channel fNIRS system was used to test the hemodynamic signals of the right hemisphere at rest for all subjects. Data preprocessing and analysis were performed using the NIRS-KIT toolbox. Patients in the USN group were assessed using the Behavioral Inattention Test-Conventional (BIT-C) and the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS). Differences in fALFF values across channels between the two groups were compared, and the fALFF values from channels showing significant differences in the USN group were correlated with scores on scales evaluating the severity of USN.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>(1) Significant differences in fALFF values were observed between the USN and control groups in specific channels, with channels CH6 and CH11 showing significantly lower fALFF values in the USN group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05), while channels CH12, CH16, and CH21 exhibited significantly higher fALFF values in the USN group (p &lt; 0.05). (2) In patients with USN, fALFF values in CH12 were significantly negatively correlated with BIT-C scores (r = -0.4966, p = 0.0443), and fALFF values in CH21 were also significantly negatively correlated with BIT-C scores (r = -0.5270, p = 0.0318). (3) Only the fALFF values in CH21 were significantly positively correlated with CBS scores in patients with USN (r = 0.5512, p = 0.0236).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The severity of symptoms of neglect towards the left side in patients with USN may be related to compensatory neural functional activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental EEG study of brain activities underlying the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response","authors":"Ali Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Sahar Seifzadeh ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Torkamani ,&nbsp;Sina Salehi","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is an audio-visual phenomenon that has recently become popular. Many people have reported experiencing a tingling-like sensation through their body while watching audio/video clips known as ASMR clips. People capable of having such experiences have also reported improved overall well-being and feeling relaxed. However, the neural activity underlying this phenomenon is not yet well-studied. The present study aims to investigate this issue using electroencephalography (EEG) employing an exploratory approach. We recorded resting-state EEGs from twelve participants before and after watching an ASMR clip and a control video clip. We divided the participants into two groups capable of experiencing ASMR tingling (ASMR group) and not capable of experiencing ASMR tingling (Non-ASMR group), by performing “Jenks Natural Breaks” clustering method on the results of a self-report questionnaire. We calculated the spectral power of EEG recording and compared the resulting values between the groups and sessions. We demonstrated a decline in the power of EEG activities in the delta frequency band in all regions of the brain and an increase in alpha activity in the occipital area of the brain and increases in beta oscillations was noted over the left fronto-temporal region of the brain among ASMR group. We did not observe similar results among the Non-ASMRs participants or among ASMRs in the control group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11722596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of metabolic disorders on reactive gliosis and glial scarring at the early subacute phase of stroke in a mouse model of diabetes and obesity","authors":"Julien Clain ,&nbsp;David Couret ,&nbsp;Matthieu Bringart ,&nbsp;Olivier Meilhac ,&nbsp;Christian Lefebvre d’Hellencourt ,&nbsp;Nicolas Diotel","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is well recognized that type II Diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obesity are established risk factors for stroke, worsening also their consequences. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these disorders aggravate outcomes are not yet clear limiting the therapeutic opportunities. To fill this gap, we characterized, for the first time, the effects of T2D and obesity on the brain repair mechanisms occurring 7 days after stroke, notably glial scarring. In the present study, by performing a 30-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on db/db (obese diabetics mice) and db/+ (controls) mice, we demonstrated that obese and diabetic mice displayed larger lesions (i.e. increased infarct volume, ischemic core, apoptotic cell number) and worsened neurological outcomes compared to their control littermates. We then investigated the formation of the glial scar in control and db/db mice 7 days post-stroke. Our observations argue in favor of a stronger and more persistent activation of astrocytes and microglia in db/db mice. Furthermore, an increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed in db/db vs control mice (i.e. chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and collagen type IV). Consequently, we demonstrated for the first time that the db/db status is associated with increased astrocytic and microglial activation 7 days after stroke and resulted in higher deposition of ECM within the damaged area. Interestingly, the injury-induced neurogenesis appeared stronger in db/db as shown by the labeling of migrating neuroblast. This increase appeared correlated to the larger size of lesion. It nevertheless raises the question of the functional integration of the new neurons in db/db mice given the observed dense ECM, known to be repulsive for neuronal migration. Carefully limiting glial scar formation after stroke represents a promising area of research for reducing neuronal loss and limiting disability in diabetic/obese patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Khat-induced conditioned place preference, extinction, and reinstatement in female mice","authors":"Caroline K. Murithi ,&nbsp;Jacques M. Kabaru ,&nbsp;Nilesh B. Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Khat (<em>Catha edulis</em> Forsk), the natural source of cathinone and other psychoactive agents, is chewed by millions of persons in eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for its psychostimulant effect. Using the conditioned place preference paradigm, this study tested fresh khat extract for place preference induction, extinction, and reinstatement. Female mice treated with 100 and 250 mg/kg of khat extract showed conditioned place preference, which was extinguished following a 16-day khat-free period. However, the place preference was reinstated following the first priming dose of the khat extract but not with the second priming dose done 35 days after the last conditioning treatment. The results show that khat has a rewarding/reinforcing property and can also lead to relapse behavior in persons attempting to stop khat use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}