IBRO Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Bipolar disorder: Construction and analysis of a joint diagnostic model using random forest and feedforward neural networks","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To construct a diagnostic model for Bipolar Disorder (BD) depressive phase using peripheral tissue RNA data from patients and combining Random Forest with Feedforward Neural Network methods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Datasets GSE23848, GSE39653, and GSE69486 were selected, and differential gene expression analysis was conducted using the limma package in R. Key genes from the differentially expressed genes were identified using the Random Forest method. These key genes' expression levels in each sample were used to train a Feedforward Neural Network model. Techniques like L1 regularization, early stopping, and dropout layers were employed to prevent model overfitting. Model performance was then validated, followed by GO, KEGG, and protein-protein interaction network analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The final model was a Feedforward Neural Network with two hidden layers and two dropout layers, comprising 2345 trainable parameters. Model performance on the validation set, assessed through 1000 bootstrap resampling iterations, demonstrated a specificity of 0.769 (95 % CI 0.571–1.000), sensitivity of 0.818 (95 % CI 0.533–1.000), AUC value of 0.832 (95 % CI 0.642–0.979), and accuracy of 0.792 (95 % CI 0.625–0.958). Enrichment analysis of key genes indicated no significant enrichment in any known pathways.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Key genes with biological significance were identified based on the decrease in Gini coefficient within the Random Forest model. The combined use of Random Forest and Feedforward Neural Network to establish a diagnostic model showed good classification performance in Bipolar Disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000691/pdfft?md5=bd0cf64abca37364e4ff55dbbc41772c&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000691-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced ischemia‐reperfusion oxidative stress injury by melatonin and N‐acetylcysteine in the male rat brain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is a model for inducing ischemic stroke in rodents, leading to devastating brain damage. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemia. In this study, the effect of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine on ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress injury in the cerebral cortex of male rats was investigated. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into sham, ischemic, NAC, melatonin and NAC + melatonin groups. All groups, except the sham group, underwent MCAO on the left side, and the treatment groups received intraperitoneal injections of either 50 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or 5 mg/kg melatonin or a combination of both 24 and 48 hours later. At 24 and 72 hours after surgery, the animals were examined for sensory and motor activity. The cerebral cortex was dissected after sacrificing the rats, infarct volume estimated and the concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicate that the NAC + melatonin group exhibited elevated sensory-motor activity and a reduced infarct volume rate in comparison to the ischemic group (p≤ 0.05). Compared to the ischemic group, the NAC + melatonin group showed a significant increase in SOD concentration and a significant decrease in MDA (p≤ 0.05). It can therefore be concluded that the simultaneous administration of NAC and melatonin can reduce the cerebral infarction volume, and improve neurological functions by modulating SOD and MDA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000678/pdfft?md5=bd34eaf36ac6e60170151f6e01ae58d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000678-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of preladenant in improving motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopamine depletion and severe motor impairments. Preladenant, an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, is an investigational treatment for PD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically evaluate the efficacy of Preladenant in improving motor symptoms in patients with PD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to March 2023, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Preladenant with placebo in PD patients were included. The primary outcome was the change in daily ON time without troublesome dyskinesia. Secondary outcomes included the change in daily OFF time and adverse events. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four RCTs with a total of 2097 PD patients were included. Pooled analysis showed that Preladenant could generally increase daily ON time (pooled effect 0.15 and 95 % CI: −0.19–0.48) and reduce daily OFF time (pooled effect −0.04 and 95 % CI: −0.43–0.36) compared to placebo, however it was not significant. The included studies had moderate to high heterogeneity. No significant differences in adverse events were observed between Preladenant and placebo.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This meta-analysis suggests that Preladenant may improve motor fluctuations in PD patients by increasing ON time and reducing OFF time. However, the high heterogeneity among studies warrants further large-scale, high-quality RCTs to confirm these findings and establish the long-term safety and efficacy of Preladenant in PD management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000666/pdfft?md5=f6421485ea34acd34a386ea855637c58&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two hub genes of bipolar disorder, a bioinformatics study based on the GEO database","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bipolar disorder is a mood illness that affects many people. It has a high recurrence frequency and will cause significant damage to the patient's social function. At present, the pathogenesis of BD is not clear. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) established and maintained the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, a gene expression database. For bioinformatics analysis, researchers can obtain expression data from the internet. At present, the samples of the dataset used in the research of BD are mostly from brain tissue, and the data containing blood samples are rarely used. GEO databases (GSE46416, GSE5388, and GSE5389) were used to retrieve public data, and utilizing the online tool GEO2R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were retrieved. The common DEGs between the samples of patients with BD and the samples of the normal population were screened by Venn diagrams. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to perform functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was built to investigate hub genes on this basis. There were 117 up-regulated DEGs and 38 down-regulated DEGs discovered, with two hub genes [SRC, CDKN1A] among the up-regulated DEGs. These two hub genes were also highly enriched in the oxytocin signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer and bladder cancer, according to KEGG analysis. The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of SRC and CDKN1A in the three datasets strongly suggested that SRC and CDKN1A were potential diagnostic markers of BD. The results strongly suggest that SRC and CDKN1A are related to the pathogenesis of BD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212400068X/pdfft?md5=57f8aa3e5c5bec03d7fd24fd92a248d1&pid=1-s2.0-S266724212400068X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal inputs that drive optomotor responses of mice under mesopic conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optomotor responses are a popular way to assess sub-cortical visual responses in mice. We studied photoreceptor inputs into optomotor circuits using genetically-modified mice lacking the exocytotic calcium sensors synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) and 7 (Syt7) in rods or cones. We also tested mice that in which cone transducin, GNAT2, had been eliminated. We studied spatial frequency sensitivity under mesopic conditions by varying the spatial frequency of a grating rotating at 12 deg/s and contrast sensitivity by varying luminance contrast of 0.2c/deg gratings. We found that eliminating Syt1 from rods reduced responses to a low spatial frequency grating (0.05c/deg) consistent with low resolution in this pathway. Conversely, eliminating the ability of cones to respond to light (by eliminating GNAT2) or transmit light responses (by selectively eliminating Syt1) showed weaker responses to a high spatial frequency grating (3c/deg). Eliminating Syt7 from the entire optomotor pathway in a global knockout had no significant effect on optomotor responses. We isolated the secondary rod pathway involving transmission of rod responses to cones via gap junctions by simultaneously eliminating Syt1 from rods and GNAT2 from cones. We found that the secondary rod pathway is sufficient to drive robust optomotor responses under mesopic conditions. Finally, eliminating Syt1 from both rods and cones almost completely abolished optomotor responses, but we detected weak responses to large, bright rotating gratings that are likely driven by input from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000654/pdfft?md5=6db4139a6635817ee84996a24a479e5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000654-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects silymarin and rosuvastatin on amyloid-carriers level in dyslipidemic Alzheimer’s patients: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The production/excretion rate of Amyloid-β (Aβ) is the basis of the plaque burden in alzheimer's disease (AD), which depends on both central and peripheral clearance. In this study, the effect of silymarin and rosuvastatin on serum markers and clinical outcomes in dyslipidemic AD patients was investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants (n=36) were randomized to silymarin (140 mg), placebo, and rosuvastatin 10 mg orally three times a day for 6 months. Serum collection and clinical outcome tests were performed at baseline and after completion of treatment. Lipid profile markers, oxidative stress markers, Aβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 ratio, and Soluble Low-density lipoprotein receptor-Related Protein-1 (sLRP1)/Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) ratio were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a statistically significant increase in Δ-high density lipoprotein (ΔHDL) between silymarin and placebo (P&lt;0.000) and also between rosuvastatin and placebo (p=0.044). The level of Δ-triglycerides (ΔTG) in the silymarin group has a significant decrease compared to both the placebo and the rosuvastatin group (p&lt;0.000 and p=0.036, respectively). The Δ-superoxide dismutase (ΔSOD) level in the silymarin group compared to placebo and rosuvastatin had a significant increase (p&lt;0.000 and p=0.008, respectively). The ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 in the silymarin group compared to both the placebo and rosuvastatin groups had a significant increase (p&lt;0.05). There was an inverse relationship between ΔTG and ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 (p=-0.493 and p=0.004). ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 has a direct statistical relationship with ΔSOD marker (p=0.388 and p=0.031). Also, there was a direct correlation between the level of ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 and ΔsLRP1/sRAGE (p=0.491 and p=0.005).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study showed the relationship between plasma lipids, especially ΔTG and ΔHDL, with ΔAβ_1–42/Aβ_1–40 in dyslipidemic AD patients, and modulation of these lipid factors can be used to monitor the response to treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000642/pdfft?md5=cd33b6fe2f8eede7020946b3c31a0677&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141949925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in mice: Age and subregion differences","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescence is an important phase for the structural and functional development of the brain. The immaturity of adolescent brain development is associated with high susceptibility to exogenous disturbances, including alcohol. In this study, the acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) in adolescent mice by alcohol (2 g/kg) and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV⁺ interneurons), oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OPCs), and myelination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were assessed. We aim to determine the age- and subregional-specificity of the effects of alcohol. Alcohol (2 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally on even days, and saline was injected intraperitoneally on odd days. The control group received a continuous intraperitoneal injection with saline. Differences in alcohol-induced CPP acquisition were assessed, followed by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed a pronounced CPP acquisition in 4- and 5-week-old mice. In the mPFC, there were reduced PV⁺ interneurons and OPCs in 3-week-old mice and reduced oligodendrocyte numbers in 4-week-old mice. The 5-week-old mice showed impaired myelination and a decrease in the number of PV⁺ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC. Since the alterations in 5-week-old mice are more pronounced, we further explored the mPFC-associated subregional-specificity. In the alcohol-exposed mice, the oligodendrocyte numbers were decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), PV⁺ interneuron numbers were declined in the prelimbic cortex (PL), and the number of oligodendrocytes, PV⁺ interneurons, and OPCs was also decreased with impaired myelination in the infralimbic cortex (IL). Our data suggest that adolescent alcohol exposure notably affected the acquisition of CPP, myelin formation, and the counts of PV⁺ interneurons, mature oligodendrocytes, and OPCs in the mPFC in 5-week-old mice. Also, the IL subregion was the worst-affected subregion of the mPFC in alcohol-exposed 5-week-old mice. It reveals that the effects of alcohol on adolescence and its mPFC myelination show obvious age- and subregional-specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000629/pdfft?md5=fb2fa400d516e351ccea669f3af1c75d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antipsychotic potential of Salix Mucronata on ketamine-induced rats","authors":"Ntombifuthi P. Ngubane ,&nbsp;Musa V. Mabandla ,&nbsp;Brenda Z. De Gama","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Salix mucronata</em> is one of the herbal plants offered by the traditional health practitioners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated administration of ketamine on social interaction, novelty and motivation in adult, male Sprague Dawley rats. It also aimed to investigate the potential of risperidone and the herbal extract of <em>S. mucronata</em> to reverse impairments that are induced by ketamine. Experimental rats (n=45) received a dose of ketamine at 30 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days. They were then allocated into their respective treatment groups and given risperidone (APD) and the herbal extract of <em>S. mucronata</em> (TM) at doses of 6 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Social behaviour was tested using the 3-chambered sociability test, and anhedonia was tested using the sucrose preference test. Ketamine induction elicited social withdrawal and reduced social novelty which were later successfully reversed by risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em>. The rats showed reduced preference to sucrose post-induction and post-treatment. Ketamine and mild stress caused by scruff restraint elicited reduced weight gain for the animals. No differences were noted on brain mass between controls and experimental groups and also between risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em> groups. However, reduced brain volume was noted in experimental groups. Dopamine and acetylcholine concentration levels were high in groups which received risperidone and <em>S. mucronata</em>. These findings highlight that the antipsychotic potential of <em>S. mucronata</em> is similar to risperidone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000575/pdfft?md5=78e45ef0a29bdfe5f2da51dc84ecdaa2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141390107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related changes of node degree in the multiple-demand network predict fluid intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluid intelligence is an individual's innate ability to cope with complex situations and is gradually reduced across adults aging. The realization of fluid intelligence requires the simultaneous activity of multiple brain regions and depends on the structural connection of distributed brain regions. Uncovering the structural features of brain connections associated with fluid intelligence decline will provide reference for the development of intervention and treatment programs for cognitive decline. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 454 healthy participants (18–87 years) from the Cam-CAN dataset, we constructed structural similarity network for each participant and calculated the node degree. Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was positively correlated with degree centrality in the cingulate cortex, left insula and subcortical regions, while negatively correlated with that in the orbito-frontal cortex, right middle temporal and precentral regions. Partial least squares (PLS) regression showed that the first PLS components explained 32 % (second PLS component: 20 %, <em>p</em>_perm &lt; 0.001) of the variance in fluid intelligence. Additionally, the degree centralities of anterior insula, supplementary motor area, prefrontal, orbito-frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, which are critical nodes of the multiple-demand network (MDN), were linked to fluid intelligence. Increased degree centrality in anterior cingulate cortex and left insula partially mediated age-related decline in fluid intelligence. Collectively, these findings suggest that the structural stability of MDN might contribute to the maintenance of fluid intelligence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000617/pdfft?md5=422803ee06963efffbfe80d4b8e75510&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffman extract protects against lead-induced neurodegeneration in cockerel chickens","authors":"Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan ,&nbsp;Olumayowa Olawumi Igado ,&nbsp;Omowumi Moromoke Femi-Akinlosotu ,&nbsp;Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi ,&nbsp;Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale ,&nbsp;Omolade Abodunrin Oladele ,&nbsp;Evaristus Nwulia","doi":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous, non-biodegradable heavy metal contaminant with a significant impact on both human and animal health. The adverse effect of lead on health and productivity of avian species has received little attention. <em>Alchornea laxiflora</em> (Benth) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and grows naturally in the Nigerian rain forest. Decoction of the leaves is usually administered traditionally to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. The ethanol extract of <em>Alchornea laxiflora</em> (EaAL) leaves was used in this study to ameliorate lead-induced neurodegeneration.</p><p>Seven groups of 5-week-old cockerels (n=5) were treated for 6 weeks thus: Group A - Control (water only), Group B - (100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group C - (200 mg/kg of EaAL daily, p.o.), Group D - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water), Group E - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water and 100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group F - (1 % lead acetate and 200 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group G - (1 % lead acetate and 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C). All administrations were per os birds were euthanized on day 43 by quick cervical dislocation. Histological stains (H&amp;E and Nissl) and Black Gold II (BGII) histochemistry were used to assess alterations in the cerebrum and cerebellum.</p><p>Administration of EaAL at the two concentrations resulted in a drastic reduction in the incidence of neuropathologies observed (e.g. pyknosis and multilayering of Purkinje cells, neuronal degeneration in hippocampus cerebrum and ependymal cells, distortion of meningeal epithelial cells, etc). BGII histochemistry revealed severe demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, while the two doses of EaAL showed significant restoration of myelin in the cerebellum. The amelioration of demyelination observed with the use of vitamin C was considerably lower than that recorded with the use of EaAL.</p><p>The use of EaAL significantly ameliorated morphological alterations and demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, however, caution should be exercised in the administration, as individual species idiosyncrasies may arise and the tendency to pro-oxidation at 200 mg/kg when administered alone was observed in one subject.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13195,"journal":{"name":"IBRO Neuroscience Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242124000605/pdfft?md5=aad9e8f00e64e751d75e0f3fafeb89c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2667242124000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}