Human toxicology最新文献_第7页

Scalp hair as an indicator of aluminium exposure: comparison to bone and plasma. 头皮头发作为铝暴露的指标:与骨骼和血浆的比较。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800102

M Wilhelm, J Passlick, T Busch, M Szydlik, F K Ohnesorge

{"title":"Scalp hair as an indicator of aluminium exposure: comparison to bone and plasma.","authors":"M Wilhelm, J Passlick, T Busch, M Szydlik, F K Ohnesorge","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800102","url":null,"abstract":"1. Aluminium concentrations were measured in hair, plasma and bone samples from different groups of chronic renal insufficient patients and from a control group (75 healthy volunteers plus 21 deceased subjects). A cross-sectional study with 40 haemodialysis patients and two longitudinal studies were undertaken, the first comprising of 12 home haemodialysis patients and the second 16 patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). 2. Before introduction of water treatment by reverse osmosis, the hair aluminium levels of home haemodialysis patients were elevated compared to controls. Aluminium in the hair of all other groups were within the normal range. Hair aluminium levels were not related to the daily aluminium intake, nor to the cumulative aluminium intake, nor to bone and plasma aluminium concentrations. 3. Plasma aluminium concentrations in all patients were higher than in the controls. Dialysis without reverse osmosis water treatment increased aluminium plasma levels. After installation of reverse osmosis units there was a decrease in the aluminium concentrations in plasma. In CAPD patients insignificant increases in the aluminium levels in plasma were observed. When low contaminated dialysis fluid was available the plasma aluminium concentrations returned to the initial level. 4. Aluminium concentrations in bone were increased in renal insufficient patients compared with controls. Aluminium bone content increased with increasing cumulative aluminium intake by phosphate binding therapy. 5. Hair analysis is of very limited value for the diagnosis of aluminium exposure. Bone analysis is suitable for the assessment of the individual body burden.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13925000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Toxicological evaluation of a poisoning attributed to ingestion of malathion insect spray and correlation with in vitro inhibition of cholinesterases. 误服马拉硫磷昆虫喷雾剂致中毒的毒理学评价及其与体外胆碱酯酶抑制的相关性。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800103

A K Chaturvedi, G Singh, N G Rao, T M Parker

{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of a poisoning attributed to ingestion of malathion insect spray and correlation with in vitro inhibition of cholinesterases.","authors":"A K Chaturvedi, G Singh, N G Rao, T M Parker","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800103","url":null,"abstract":"A 24-year-old Caucasian male was found dead from unknown causes at his farm home. At the scene, partially filled bottles of ORTHO Malathion 50 Insect Spray and CLOROX bleach were found. At the time of autopsy, a strong odour of a petroleum based product was prominent in the small intestine and in the liquid stool. A similar odour was also present in the liquids of both bottles. Generalized visceral and vascular congestion with oedema in various tissues was markedly present. Toxicological analysis of the gastric contents, intestinal contents, bile and liquid samples from the malathion and bleach bottles revealed the presence of malathion in the concentrations of 2.1 g/kg, 98 g/kg, 570 mg/l, 54% and 11%, respectively. In the blood and urine, malathion was not detected. Xylenes and other common volatile components of the spray were detected in the liquids from the bottles and in the gastric and intestinal contents. The ability of the blood and bile samples to inhibit, in vitro, rat serum cholinesterase and electric eel acetylcholinesterase was consistent with their malathion concentrations as the bile inhibited both enzymes, while the blood did not. These findings conclude that the death was associated with the ingestion of a commercial malathion insect spray.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":"11-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13855654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The inhibitory effect of gossypol on human sperm motility: relationship with time, temperature and concentration. 棉酚对人类精子活力的抑制作用:与时间、温度和浓度的关系。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800109

C Y Hong, J J Huang, P Wu

引用次数: 20

A new method for predicting the outcome and survival period in paraquat poisoning. 预测百草枯中毒预后及生存期的新方法。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800106

K Suzuki, N Takasu, S Arita, A Maenosono, S Ishimatsu, M Nishina, S Tanaka, A Kohama

引用次数: 36

Chlortenoxicam and renal function of normal human volunteers. 氯替诺昔康对正常人肾功能的影响。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800110

S J Warrington, A Dawnay, A Johnston, S Saul, P Turner, H P Ferber

引用次数: 4

Metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation polymorphism in the San Bushmen of southern Africa. 非洲南部布须曼人美托洛尔α -羟基化多态性。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800107

D K Sommers, J Moncrieff, J Avenant

{"title":"Metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation polymorphism in the San Bushmen of southern Africa.","authors":"D K Sommers, J Moncrieff, J Avenant","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800107","url":null,"abstract":"1. The metabolic oxidation of metoprolol has been studied in a group of 98 San Bushmen. 2. The amounts of metoprolol and alpha-hydroxy metoprolol excreted in 0-8 h urine collection, after dosing with 100 mg metoprolol, were measured and the metabolic ratio (% dose excreted as metoprolol/% dose excreted as alpha-hydroxy metoprolol) calculated. 3. Frequency distribution and probit plots of the metabolic rate data showed a bimodal distribution with 4.1% of the population exhibiting slow metabolism with an MR greater than 10. 4. These results are much less than found in Caucasians (8.4%) but very different from the unimodal distribution found for Nigerians. 5. A previous study in the same group of Bushmen had revealed that 18 of 96 subjects were poor or non-metabolizers of debrisoquine to 4-hydroxy debrisoquine, but only one of the poor metoprolol metabolizers was a poor metabolizer of debrisoquine. 6. On the basis of these results, the claim of debrisoquine type of polymorphism for beta-adrenoceptor antagonists found in Caucasians cannot be extrapolated to the San Bushmen, and one must query the use of debrisoquine as measure of oxidative status in any group other than Caucasians.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13855659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Hyperaluminaemia associated with oral citrate and aluminium hydroxide. 高铝血症与口服柠檬酸盐和氢氧化铝有关。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800108

B B Kirschbaum, A C Schoolwerth

引用次数: 8

Environmental tobacco smoke in the context of indoor air quality. 室内空气质量背景下的环境烟草烟雾。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800101

R C Brown

引用次数: 1

A signal assay for the detection of genotoxic compounds: application on the urines of cancer patients on chemotherapy and of nurses handling cytotoxic drugs. 基因毒性化合物检测的信号分析:在化疗癌症患者和处理细胞毒性药物的护士尿液中的应用。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700607

S Burgaz, Y N Ozdamar, A E Karakaya