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Serum concentrations and accumulation of silver in skin during three months treatment with an anti-smoking chewing gum containing silver acetate. 用含醋酸银的戒烟口香糖治疗三个月期间的血清浓度和皮肤中银的积累。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700603
E J Jensen, J Rungby, J C Hansen, E Schmidt, B Pedersen, R Dahl
{"title":"Serum concentrations and accumulation of silver in skin during three months treatment with an anti-smoking chewing gum containing silver acetate.","authors":"E J Jensen,&nbsp;J Rungby,&nbsp;J C Hansen,&nbsp;E Schmidt,&nbsp;B Pedersen,&nbsp;R Dahl","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver acetate chewing gum was used for 12 weeks as a smoking deterrent in 21 adults. The effect of silver on serum concentrations, its accumulation in the skin and the risk of developing clinically evident argyria were investigated. Serum concentrations of silver clearly rose after chewing gum use had started, and concentrations quickly returned to normal after use had ceased. In most cases the number of silver granules in skin biopsies, observed by autometallography, increased after the gum had been used for 12 weeks. No one developed clinical signs of argyria. Silver acetate containing remedies can be used as an aid to stop smoking, but the consumption must be monitored to avoid accumulation of larger amounts of silver in the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"535-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Dose-dependent acute hepatitis associated with administration of high dose methotrexate. 剂量依赖性急性肝炎与高剂量甲氨蝶呤的施用有关。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700608
A K Banerjee, S Lakhani, M Vincent, P Selby
{"title":"Dose-dependent acute hepatitis associated with administration of high dose methotrexate.","authors":"A K Banerjee,&nbsp;S Lakhani,&nbsp;M Vincent,&nbsp;P Selby","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700608","url":null,"abstract":"The association between long-term methotrexate administration and progressive liver disease is well established. The common complications are liver fibrosis and cirrhosis but these changes are not associated with a rise in liver transaminases.1 We report a case of a young girl who developed a dosedependent acute hepatitis following high dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment for osteosarcoma.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"561-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
An electrophysiological study of ganglion blockade by paraquat and diquat. 百草枯和双菊枯对神经节阻滞的电生理研究。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700609
D B Webb, E J Ansari, D I Wallis
{"title":"An electrophysiological study of ganglion blockade by paraquat and diquat.","authors":"D B Webb,&nbsp;E J Ansari,&nbsp;D I Wallis","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The bipyridilium herbicides, particularly paraquat, have chemical and toxicological features in common with the bi-quaternary ammonium ganglion blockers. 2. Paraquat and diquat were tested for ganglion blocking activity. Rabbit cervical ganglia were superfused with both agents and subsequently with hexamethonium to confirm susceptibility to ganglion blockade. 3. No evidence for ganglion blockade was found at either supra maximal or sub maximal stimulation, and none following repetitive stimulation. 4. The similarities and differences between the bipyridyl herbicides and bi-quaternary ganglion blockers can be explained on the basis of their structures. 5. It is concluded that neither paraquat nor diquat have significant ganglion blocking activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"563-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700609","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fatal chloroquine self-poisoning. 致命的氯喹自我中毒。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700604
P Kintz, S Ritter-Lohner, J M Lamant, A Tracqui, P Mangin, A A Lugnier, A J Chaumont
{"title":"Fatal chloroquine self-poisoning.","authors":"P Kintz,&nbsp;S Ritter-Lohner,&nbsp;J M Lamant,&nbsp;A Tracqui,&nbsp;P Mangin,&nbsp;A A Lugnier,&nbsp;A J Chaumont","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High performance liquid chromatography was employed to quantify chloroquine in biological fluids and tissues in a death attributed to chloroquine overdose. The blood concentration of chloroquine was 16.71 mg/l. Results are discussed in the light of the existing literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"541-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14200078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Toxicity of astatine-211 in the mouse. 砹-211对小鼠的毒性。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700602
L M Cobb, A Harrison, S A Butler
{"title":"Toxicity of astatine-211 in the mouse.","authors":"L M Cobb,&nbsp;A Harrison,&nbsp;S A Butler","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The toxicity of the alpha particle emitting halogen astatine-211 was examined in male and female mice. Pathological changes were seen in mice killed at 14 days and/or at 56 days following a single injection of 61 kBq211 At per g body weight. The tissues affected, in order of severity were: spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, gonads, thyroid, salivary glands and stomach.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"529-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Severity grading in self-poisoning. 自我中毒的严重程度分级。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700606
J E Starmark, A Heath
{"title":"Severity grading in self-poisoning.","authors":"J E Starmark,&nbsp;A Heath","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The reliability and validity of three different coma scales was studied in 26 patients with acute drug overdose. 2. A comparison of six painful stimulation techniques showed that sternal rubbing and retromandibular pressure were most effective. 3. The improper use of stimulation techniques may underestimate level of responsiveness in 4-19% of cases. 4. The Reaction Level Scale (RLS) was the most reliable scale. 5. Both the RLS and the Glasgow Coma Scale may be unnecessarily complicated for the evaluation of the drug overdose patient, but should be chosen if concomitant brain injury is suspected. 6. This study confirms the basic concepts and shows the reliability of the Matthew-Lawson scale for use in the poisoned patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"551-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Factors influencing the uptake of cadmium into cells in vitro. 影响镉在体外细胞吸收的因素。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700605
S Klug, F Planas-Bohne, D M Taylor
{"title":"Factors influencing the uptake of cadmium into cells in vitro.","authors":"S Klug,&nbsp;F Planas-Bohne,&nbsp;D M Taylor","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uptake of cadmium was studied in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Cadmium accumulates rapidly against a concentration gradient and uptake is dependent on incubation temperature. The presence of serum or albumin results in a reduction in Cd uptake. Several substances known to influence certain metabolic steps of cell metabolism were used to influence Cd accumulation. Of these compounds, those that blocked the SH groups of the plasma membrane exerted the strongest influence. The effect of inhibitors of endocytosis was less pronounced.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"545-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Accidental feeding of a dilute antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05% with cetrimide 1%) to five babies. 意外给5名婴儿喂食稀释消毒溶液(0.05%氯己定和1%西曲胺)。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700610
E S Mucklow
{"title":"Accidental feeding of a dilute antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05% with cetrimide 1%) to five babies.","authors":"E S Mucklow","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five normal newborn breast fed babies were accidentally fed a dilute antiseptic solution (chlorhexidine 0.05% with cetrimide 1%) in place of sterile water, developing caustic burns of the lips, mouth and tongue within minutes; one baby became quite severely ill due to acute pulmonary oedema, but all survived without sequelae.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 6","pages":"567-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14358663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Carcinogenicity of chemicals: the weight of evidence. 化学品的致癌性:证据的权重。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700505
R L Carter
{"title":"Carcinogenicity of chemicals: the weight of evidence.","authors":"R L Carter","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The evidence discussed here is derived from epidemiology, long-term bioassays in laboratory animals, and predictive short-term tests. 2. Epidemiological data are obtained directly from human studies and are most compelling when they demonstrate a large relative risk and a clear dose-response in association with a distinctive tumour type. Exposure to a suspected carcinogen and the doses involved are, however, often difficult to determine, and the most sophisticated epidemiological methods are relatively insensitive. There are no epidemiological data for most occupational/environmental chemicals. 3. Long-term bioassays can present major problems in design, interpretation and extrapolation. Particular difficulties are associated with the planning of appropriate dose levels and the occurrence of certain tumours at high incidence in both control and test groups. Results from animal bioassays set priorities for concern and action but they cannot be reliably used for quantitative assessment of human risk. 4. Evidence of potential carcinogenicity derived from short-term predictive tests, involving a wide variety of systems with diverse end-points, is increasingly important. Emphasis is placed on the need for more in vivo procedures with a broadening of the scope of somatic cell targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 5","pages":"411-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14189033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Occupational toxicology. 职业毒理学。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700508
J T Carter
{"title":"Occupational toxicology.","authors":"J T Carter","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Toxicology plays an important part in the prevention of work related disease. 2. The toxic effects of substances used at work are similar to those of other types of chemical, hence similar methods of investigation are used. 3. A very wide range of substances is used at work. The conditions of use determine the degree of exposure and the likelihood of adverse effects. 4. The scope for control of risks depends on a knowledge of likely adverse effects and the availability of technical and managerial means for reducing exposure. 5. The relationships between the employee, his employer, suppliers, expert advisers and the regulatory authorities determine the effectiveness with which toxic risks are identified and control measures implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 5","pages":"429-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700508","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14189714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
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