Human toxicology最新文献_第9页

Pesticides. 农药。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700509

C L Berry

引用次数: 0

Nutritional toxicology: the significance of natural toxins. 营养毒理学:天然毒素的意义。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700511

F A de Wolff

引用次数: 0

Metabolic activation of carcinogens and toxic chemicals. 致癌物质和有毒化学物质的代谢激活。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700503

D V Parke, C Ioannides, D F Lewis

{"title":"Metabolic activation of carcinogens and toxic chemicals.","authors":"D V Parke, C Ioannides, D F Lewis","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700503","url":null,"abstract":"1. The spatial parameters and electronic structures of 100 exogenous and endogenous chemicals have been determined by computer graphics, from which their oxidative metabolism by the cytochrome P-448 (activation) or the other families of cytochromes P-450 (generally detoxication) have been predicted. 2. The spatial parameters of these chemicals primarily determine the family of cytochrome P-450 by which the chemicals are metabolized and the electronic structures primarily determine their ease of oxidative metabolism. 3. The role of oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics by the cytochromes P-448, and their binding to the cytosolic Ah receptor, are considered in relationship to the mechanisms of chemical toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and co-carcinogenicity. 4. The mechanisms of chemical toxicity and carcinogenesis are considered in respect of activation through cytochrome P-448-mediated, conformationally-hindered oxygenation to reactive intermediates which, unlike most cytochrome P-450-oxygenated metabolites, are not acceptable substrates for conjugation and detoxication and therefore react with essential intracellular macromolecules. 5. The computer graphic method of determining the molecular conformations and electronic structures of molecules is a rapid, scientifically-based procedure for evaluation of the potential toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 5","pages":"397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700503","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14322757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Developments in toxicology--retrospect and prospect. 毒理学的发展——回顾与展望。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700501

R J Flanagan, B Widdop, F M Sullivan

引用次数: 3

Alcohol and brain damage. 酒精和脑损伤

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700513

A D Thomson, O E Pratt, M Jeyasingham, G K Shaw

引用次数: 23

Is enzyme induction good for you? A problem of epidemiology and toxicology. 酶诱导对你有好处吗?流行病学和毒理学的问题。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700506

A E McLean

{"title":"Is enzyme induction good for you? A problem of epidemiology and toxicology.","authors":"A E McLean","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700506","url":null,"abstract":"1. The discoveries that pre-treatment with certain compounds could increase the amounts of drug metabolizing enzymes present in the liver and that metabolism could enhance as well as reduce the toxicity of exogenous molecules were important milestones in toxicology. 2. Some clinically important adverse effects (vitamin D deficiency, reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives, interactions with anticoagulants) were found to be due to enzyme induction by, for example, anticonvulsants. 3. Intestinal enzymes are also inducible and can respond rapidly to individual compounds while the liver enzymes respond more slowly to the diet as a whole. Although promoting hepatic tumours in rats and mice, phenobarbitone does not have this effect in man because there seems to be a threshold for promotion which human use does not exceed. In neither case is there evidence that induction is harmful rather than adaptive in man. 4. As to the future, post-marketing surveillance will continue to be important in assessing the safety of new products, and knowledge of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of new compounds in experimental animals and in man will assume greater importance. Finally, greater understanding of intracellular processes will pave the way to the study of toxicology at the macromolecular level and thus to critically assess the validity of the animal models currently used in toxicity testing.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 5","pages":"419-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14189712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Reproductive toxicity tests: retrospect and prospect. 生殖毒性试验:回顾与展望。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700507

F M Sullivan

引用次数: 4

The safety-in-use of cosmetics and toiletries. 化妆品和盥洗用品的使用安全。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700512

L Ness

引用次数: 0

Papers presented at a symposium in honour of Dr. Roy Goulding. London, 20-21 November 1987. 在纪念罗伊·古尔丁博士的研讨会上发表的论文。1987年11月20日至21日，伦敦。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01

引用次数: 0

Analytical toxicology. 分析毒理学。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718800700517

R J Flanagan, B Widdop, J D Ramsey, M Loveland

{"title":"Analytical toxicology.","authors":"R J Flanagan, B Widdop, J D Ramsey, M Loveland","doi":"10.1177/096032718800700517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700517","url":null,"abstract":"1. Major advances in analytical toxicology followed the introduction of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in the 1940s and early 1950s and thin layer chromatography remains important together with some spectrophotometric and other tests. However, gas- and high performance-liquid chromatography together with a variety of immunoassay techniques are now widely used. 2. The scope and complexity of forensic and clinical toxicology continues to increase, although the compounds for which emergency analyses are needed to guide therapy are few. Exclusion of the presence of hypnotic drugs can be important in suspected 'brain death' cases. 3. Screening for drugs of abuse has assumed greater importance not only for the management of the habituated patient, but also in 'pre-employment' and 'employment' screening. The detection of illicit drug administration in sport is also an area of increasing importance. 4. In industrial toxicology, the range of compounds for which blood or urine measurements (so called 'biological monitoring') can indicate the degree of exposure is increasing. The monitoring of environmental contaminants (lead, chlorinated pesticides) in biological samples has also proved valuable. 5. In the near future a consensus as to the units of measurement to be used is urgently required and more emphasis will be placed on interpretation, especially as regards possible behavioural effects of drugs or other poisons. Despite many advances in analytical techniques there remains a need for reliable, simple tests to detect poisons for use in smaller hospital and other laboratories.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"7 5","pages":"489-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718800700517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14189619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43