Human toxicology最新文献

Total exclusion from external respiration protects lungs from development of fibrosis after paraquat intoxication. 完全排除外部呼吸保护肺免于百草枯中毒后纤维化的发展。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800606

F Fogt, T Zilker

{"title":"Total exclusion from external respiration protects lungs from development of fibrosis after paraquat intoxication.","authors":"F Fogt, T Zilker","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800606","url":null,"abstract":"Most survivors of paraquat intoxication go on to develop fibrosis of the lung leading to death within a few weeks. The pathogenic effects of paraquat are based on the formation of oxygen free radicals. A cascade reaction occurs at the cell membrane which is damaged and cell integrity is destroyed. Fibroblasts migrate into the damaged region leading to the laying down of collagen and subsequent fibrosis. Currently paraquat intoxication is treated with gastrointestinal lavage, haemoperfusion and haemodialysis with mixed results. Artificial respiration with low percentage of inspired oxygen is instituted in order to decrease the possible release of oxygen radicals. However, in most cases, developing fibrosis prevents this treatment continuing and requires increased concentrations of inspired O2 and increased ventilation pressure. The combination of increased FiO2 and barotrauma leads to a vicious circle of parenchymal lung damage. In this study we present a treatment designed to avoid the development of lung fibrosis using total exclusion of segments of the lung from external ventilation. Exclusion from external ventilation was performed in animal experiments by instillation of Ethibloc, an amino acid glue, in one main bronchus to create an atelectasis. In different experimental groups this procedure was performed before and after intraperitoneal intoxication with paraquat. Four to twelve days later the experimental animals were sacrified and the ventilated lungs and the atelectatic lungs were compared. The ventilated lungs showed dose-dependent damage to the alveolar epithelium and gross interstitial oedema. In some cases fibrosis was seen. The atelectatic parts of the lung were not different from the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"465-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13735148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The rarity of liver toxicity in patients treated with coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone). 香豆素(1,2-苯并吡喃酮)治疗患者肝毒性的罕见性。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800612

D Cox, R O'Kennedy, R D Thornes

引用次数: 101

Toxicological data after heroin overdose. 海洛因过量后的毒理学数据。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800609

P Kintz, P Mangin, A A Lugnier, A J Chaumont

引用次数: 36

Oral and dermal pharmacokinetics of triclopyr in human volunteers. 人体志愿者三氯吡嗪的口服和皮肤药代动力学。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800602

N G Carmichael, R J Nolan, J M Perkins, R Davies, S J Warrington

{"title":"Oral and dermal pharmacokinetics of triclopyr in human volunteers.","authors":"N G Carmichael, R J Nolan, J M Perkins, R Davies, S J Warrington","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800602","url":null,"abstract":"Blood levels and urinary excretion of triclopyr, the active ingredient in Garlon herbicides, were followed in six volunteers given single oral doses of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg body weight. Five of these volunteers later received dermal applications of Garlon 4 herbicide formulation equivalent to 3.7 mg triclopyr/kg body weight applied to the forearm. Following oral administration blood levels peaked at 2-3 h and declined to undetectable levels within 48 h; more than 80% of the dose was found as unchanged triclopyr in the urine. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to describe the time-course of triclopyr clearance; half-lives for the rapid initial and slower terminal phases were 1.3 h and 5.1 h respectively, and were independent of dose. Due to the slow half-life for dermal absorption (t1/2 = 16.8 h) the rapid initial elimination phase was obscured and the pharmacokinetics could be simplified by a one-compartment model. An average of 1.37% of the applied dose was recovered in the urine; when corrected for recovery after oral administration this was equivalent to an absorption of 1.65%. Triclopyr is slowly absorbed through skin and is rapidly eliminated. It has very low potential to accumulate in man or to be absorbed through the skin in acutely toxic amounts.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"431-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800602","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13735145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Monitoring of patients taking canthaxanthin and carotene: an electroretinographic and ophthalmological survey. 监测患者服用角黄素和胡萝卜素:视网膜电图和眼科调查。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800603

G B Arden, J O Oluwole, P Polkinghorne, A C Bird, F M Barker, P G Norris, J L Hawk

引用次数: 22

Acute renal failure following accidental cutaneous absorption of phenol: application of NMR urinalysis to monitor the disease process. 意外皮肤吸收苯酚后急性肾衰竭:应用核磁共振尿液分析监测疾病过程。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800610

P J Foxall, M R Bending, K P Gartland, J K Nicholson

{"title":"Acute renal failure following accidental cutaneous absorption of phenol: application of NMR urinalysis to monitor the disease process.","authors":"P J Foxall, M R Bending, K P Gartland, J K Nicholson","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800610","url":null,"abstract":"An unusual case of acute renal failure is reported following accidental cutaneous absorption of phenol and exposure to dichloromethane. Renal function during the onset of the nephrotoxic episode and the subsequent recovery period was monitored using a combination of standard clinical biochemical techniques and high resolution 1H-NMR urinalysis. The initial urine biochemical patterns (up to 2 weeks following exposure) showed amino aciduria, glycosuria and lactic aciduria consistent with renal cortical necrosis. There followed a period of polyuria revealing a biochemical pattern (succinic aciduria, dimethylaminuria and N,N-dimethylglycinuria) consistent with renal papillary damage. Haemodialysis was required for a period of 3 weeks and the patient was discharged 42 days after admission to hospital when renal function was normal by standard clinical chemistry criteria (urea, potassium, sodium, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, urine glucose and protein). 1H-NMR spectroscopic urinalysis revealed residual renal biochemical abnormalities consistent with renal papillary damage that were not detected by conventional analytical techniques. One year after the incident the patient is still polyuric, passing up to 3 l of urine a day.","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"491-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13733654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

A comparative prospective study of self-poisoned patients in Trondheim, Norway between 1978 and 1987: epidemiology and clinical data. 1978年至1987年挪威特隆赫姆自我中毒患者的比较前瞻性研究:流行病学和临床数据。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800607

T Rygnestad

{"title":"A comparative prospective study of self-poisoned patients in Trondheim, Norway between 1978 and 1987: epidemiology and clinical data.","authors":"T Rygnestad","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800607","url":null,"abstract":"1. In a prospective study of patients hospitalized for deliberate self-poisoning between 1978 and 1987 the number of admissions increased from 303 to 425. The annual incidence increased significantly for both women (P less than 0.05) and men (P less than 0.01). The mean age decreased significantly in the male group (P less than 0.05), but increased in the female group (P less than 0.05). 2. The median latency time for patients presenting at the hospital was short; 3.7 h in 1978 and 2.9 h in 1987. 3. There was a significant reduction in the percentage using barbiturates (9% in 1978 and 1% in 1987; P less than 0.001) and the use of benzodiazepines increased (18% in 1978 and 32% in 1987; P less than 0.05). The percentage of unconscious patients did not change significantly. 4. In 1987 N-acetyl-cysteine was the most frequently used antidote. Physostigmine has almost been abandoned since 1978. 5. Significantly more patients were hypotensive in 1978: 24% vs 11% in 1987; (P less than 0.001) and significantly less patients needed treatment in the central intensive care unit (2% in 1987 and 5% in 1978; P less than 0.05). Complications were few (8-10%) and the mortality low (approximately 1%) in both years studied. 6. The mean duration of hospitalization in 1978 was 65 h vs 30 h in 1987, (P less than 0.001).","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"475-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13735149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Exposure to paraquat through skin absorption: clinical and laboratory observations of accidental splashing on healthy skin of agricultural workers. 通过皮肤吸收暴露于百草枯:意外溅到农业工人健康皮肤上的临床和实验室观察

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800608

E Hoffer, U Taitelman

引用次数: 21

Intracellular localization of cerium. A microanalytical study using an electron microprobe and ionic microanalysis. 细胞内铈的定位。使用电子探针和离子微量分析的微量分析研究。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800614

J P Berry, R Masse, F Escaig, P Galle

引用次数: 19

Influence of nutritional factors on 239Np and 233Pa retention in weanling rats. 营养因子对断奶大鼠239Np和233Pa滞留的影响。

Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800601

B Kargacin, V Volf

引用次数: 3