Human toxicology最新文献

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Effect of subacute oral intake of the food antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole on clinical parameters and phase-I and -II biotransformation capacity in man. 亚急性口服食物抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚对临床参数和人体i、ii期生物转化能力的影响。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800604
H Verhagen, L M Maas, R H Beckers, H H Thijssen, F ten Hoor, P T Henderson, J C Kleinjans
{"title":"Effect of subacute oral intake of the food antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole on clinical parameters and phase-I and -II biotransformation capacity in man.","authors":"H Verhagen,&nbsp;L M Maas,&nbsp;R H Beckers,&nbsp;H H Thijssen,&nbsp;F ten Hoor,&nbsp;P T Henderson,&nbsp;J C Kleinjans","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A study is presented in which eight healthy male non-smoking volunteers ingested a daily amount of 0.5 mg/kg butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) for 10 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken on days -6 and 0 before and on days 4 and 7 after the first BHA administration for the assessment of standard clinical plasma parameters (L-aspartate aminotransferase, L-alanine-aminotransferase, L-gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, Na+, and Cl-). Antipyrine (500 mg p.o.) and paracetamol (500 mg p.o) were administered before and during BHA administration as test substances to measure phase-I and phase-II biotransformation capacity. Saliva samples and urine were subsequently collected for the assessment of kinetic parameters (e.g. saliva elimination half-life, saliva clearance, apparent volume of distribution) and urinary excretion of metabolites. Kinetic plasma parameters of BHA itself were determined in plasma samples obtained via a catheter in an arm vein after oral BHA intake on days 0 and 7. Levels of antipyrine, paracetamol, BHA and metabolites in plasma, saliva or urine were quantified by standard or newly developed reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography methods. Urinary excretion of Na+, K+, and Cl-, as well as osmolality of urine were measured on three days before and six days during BHA administration. Generally, no significant differences were detected in the parameters measured, indicating that oral administration of BHA to men for 10 days remains without effects on clinical biochemical parameters and phase-I and phase-II biotransformation capacity. In contrast, urinary excretion of metabolites of BHA was significantly increased on days 3 and 7 vs. the first day of BHA administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"451-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13735146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Effect of nicotine and cotinine on the production of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils in smokers and non-smokers. 尼古丁和可替宁对吸烟者和非吸烟者中性粒细胞产生氧自由基的影响。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800605
E D Srivastava, M B Hallett, J Rhodes
{"title":"Effect of nicotine and cotinine on the production of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils in smokers and non-smokers.","authors":"E D Srivastava,&nbsp;M B Hallett,&nbsp;J Rhodes","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Neutrophils play a role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Most of the patients with ulcerative colitis are non-smokers. 2. Neutrophil function was examined in healthy males, five smokers and five non-smokers, measuring production of oxygen free radicals by chemiluminescence. 3. The chemiluminescence was examined in the presence of nicotine and its main metabolite cotinine in various concentrations. 4. 10 mM nicotine inhibited production of oxygen free radicals (90.2% +/- 11.6) compared with controls (P less than 0.001), as did the same concentration of cotinine (58.9% +/- 34.2), (P less than 0.05). 5. 1 mM solutions had no effect and 3 mM nicotine was required to achieve 50% inhibition. 6. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ. 7. Since plasma concentrations of nicotine after a cigarette are only between 5 and 15 mM, the observed effects of nicotine and cotinine in much higher pharmacological concentrations in this system are unlikely to be of clinical relevance in ulcerative colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"461-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13735147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of diltiazem in massive overdose. 大量过量地尔硫卓的药代动力学和毒性作用。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800611
R E Ferner, O Odemuyiwa, A B Field, S Walker, G N Volans, D N Bateman
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of diltiazem in massive overdose.","authors":"R E Ferner,&nbsp;O Odemuyiwa,&nbsp;A B Field,&nbsp;S Walker,&nbsp;G N Volans,&nbsp;D N Bateman","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 50-year-old man with ischaemic heart disease took 98 tablets of diltiazem 60 mg with alcohol. He developed a junctional bradycardia, hypotension and reduced cardiac function refractory to intravenous calcium gluconate. He survived with temporary cardiac pacing and infusion of dopamine. As much as half the dose was vomited back, but nonetheless the plasma diltiazem concentration reached 6090 micrograms/l before falling mono-exponentially with a half-life of 8.6 h. Sinus rhythm returned when the plasma concentration of diltiazem was around 750 micrograms/l. Standard resuscitative procedures sufficed to treat massive diltiazem overdosage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"497-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13733655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: factors determining the choice of the poisoning agents. 斯里兰卡的自我中毒:决定投毒剂选择的因素。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800613
J Hettiarachchi, G C Kodithuwakku
{"title":"Self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: factors determining the choice of the poisoning agents.","authors":"J Hettiarachchi,&nbsp;G C Kodithuwakku","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sri Lanka is a developing agricultural country with a high fatality rate due to self-poisoning with very toxic agrochemicals as the main poisoning agents. A prospective study of 97 consecutive admissions following self-poisoning reveals that easy availability of the agrochemicals together with the lack of knowledge regarding their lethality were the main causative factors determining the choice of poisoning agents. Developing community awareness of the lethality of these substances, educating the farmers with regards to proper storage and disposal of agrochemicals together with stricter legislation regarding their sale and distribution may reduce the incidence of self-poisoning due to these agents with a consequent reduction in mortality due to self-poisoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 6","pages":"507-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800613","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13733657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Chloroquine phosphate induced haematemesis. 磷酸氯喹致呕血。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800511
D K Bhasin, R S Chhina
{"title":"Chloroquine phosphate induced haematemesis.","authors":"D K Bhasin,&nbsp;R S Chhina","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two cases who developed haematemesis, 30 and 36 hours after ingestion of 4 tablets (600 mg base) of chloroquine phosphate are described. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed erosions in the stomach and duodenum.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"387-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13945874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fatal phenolphthalein poisoning with fulminant hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. 致死性酚酞中毒伴暴发性肝衰竭和弥散性血管内凝血。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800509
P S Sidhu, M L Wilkinson, G E Sladen, M I Filipe, P A Toseland
{"title":"Fatal phenolphthalein poisoning with fulminant hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation.","authors":"P S Sidhu,&nbsp;M L Wilkinson,&nbsp;G E Sladen,&nbsp;M I Filipe,&nbsp;P A Toseland","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 32-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of Nylax tablets containing phenolphthalein. This results in widespread organ involvement, predominantly causing liver damage and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The eventual cause of death was massive liver necrosis. We suggest that phenolphthalein was responsible for the widespread damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"381-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13945873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of toxicity for major hazards: some concepts and problems. 重大危害物毒性评价:一些概念和问题。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800507
H P Illing
{"title":"Assessment of toxicity for major hazards: some concepts and problems.","authors":"H P Illing","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approaches to the assessment of the toxic effects which may arise from chemical Major Hazards are examined. The definitions of hazard and risk and the types of toxicity data required for risk analysis are investigated with particular reference to the quality of the data and models available.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"369-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13821367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Non-correlation between debrisoquine and metoprolol polymorphisms in the Venda. 碎片喹与美托洛尔在Venda基因多态性的不相关性。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800506
D K Sommers, J Moncrieff, J Avenant
{"title":"Non-correlation between debrisoquine and metoprolol polymorphisms in the Venda.","authors":"D K Sommers,&nbsp;J Moncrieff,&nbsp;J Avenant","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The metabolic 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine has been studied in a group of 98 black African villagers in Vendaland. 2. The metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of metoprolol has been studied in 94 of the same black African villagers. 3. A 4% prevalence of poor oxidative metabolism of debrisoquine and a 7.4% incidence of poor oxidation of metoprolol were found. The 4% result for debrisoquine differs considerably from the 19% found in San Bushmen, 30% in Hong Kong Chinese, 9% in Britains and 0% in Nigerians and Japanese, whilst the 7.4% result for metoprolol compares with 8.4% in Britains but differs from 0% in Nigerians and 4.1% in San Bushmen. 4. None of the poor oxidative metabolizers of debrisoquine were also poor oxidative metabolizers of metoprolol. This is contrary to results in British and Nigerian subjects where defective oxidation of metoprolol co-segrates with that of debrisoquine. 5. No similarities were found between the Venda metabolic ratio (MR) distributions and either extensive or poor MR distributions in Britains or Nigerians.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"365-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13945871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Weather influence on the prevalence of carbon monoxide intoxications. 天气对一氧化碳中毒患病率的影响。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800504
F P Gijsenbergh, M Vispoel, H Poppe, H Delooz
{"title":"Weather influence on the prevalence of carbon monoxide intoxications.","authors":"F P Gijsenbergh,&nbsp;M Vispoel,&nbsp;H Poppe,&nbsp;H Delooz","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a retrospective study over 7 years, data from patients admitted to the Emergency Department with CO intoxication, together with meteorological data were analysed. A statistically significant difference in weather conditions was noticed between CO-intoxication days and reference days. Different weather conditions were found to be present, according to the source of CO, i.e. gas boiler or coal stove. If these data are confirmed, a major role in the prevention of CO intoxication or its sequellae can be played by the media through weather broadcasting. Warning can raise the index of suspicion of physicians and warn the population for vague, collectively appearing sensations of ill feeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"355-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13945247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Methaemoglobin production and reduction by methylene blue and the interaction of methylene blue with sodium nitrite in vivo. 亚甲基蓝在体内产生和还原甲基血红蛋白以及亚甲基蓝与亚硝酸钠的相互作用。
Human toxicology Pub Date : 1989-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/096032718900800505
T C Marrs, J E Bright, R H Inns
{"title":"Methaemoglobin production and reduction by methylene blue and the interaction of methylene blue with sodium nitrite in vivo.","authors":"T C Marrs,&nbsp;J E Bright,&nbsp;R H Inns","doi":"10.1177/096032718900800505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096032718900800505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylene blue, at high concentrations, interferes with the estimation of methaemoglobin using the IL 282 CO-oximeter: the dye does not interfere with the method of Evelyn & Malloy for determination of methaemoglobin. In beagle bitches methylene blue causes both methaemoglobinogenesis and methaemoglobin reduction, the effect of the former being to delay the decline of methaemoglobin levels, when methylene blue is used to reverse the methaemoglobinaemia produced by sodium nitrite.</p>","PeriodicalId":13194,"journal":{"name":"Human toxicology","volume":"8 5","pages":"359-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/096032718900800505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13945248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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