IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study on Performance Improvement of Underwater Acoustic Communication Using a Single Vector Sensor","authors":"Kang-Hoon Choi;Jee Woong Choi;Sunhyo Kim;Peter H. Dahl;David R. Dall'Osto;Hee Chun Song","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3374424","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3374424","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater acoustic communication is heavily influenced by intersymbol interference caused by the delay spread of multipaths. In this article, communication sequences transmitted from a drifting source were received by a fixed acoustic vector receiver system consisting of an accelerometer-based vector sensor and a pressure sensor, which can measure the three-directional components of vector quantity and pressure at a point. The underwater acoustic communication experiment was conducted in water approximately 30 m deep off the south coast of Geoje Island, South Korea, in May 2017 during the Korea Reverberation Experiment. Acceleration signals received by the vector sensor were converted to pressure-equivalent particle velocities, which were then used as input for a four-channel communication system together with acoustic pressure. These four channels have multipaths with different amplitudes but the same delay times, providing directional diversity that differs from the spatial diversity provided by hydrophone arrays. To improve the communication performance obtained from directional diversity, the Multichannel Combined Bidirectional Block-based Time Reversal Technique was used, which combines bidirectional equalization with time-reversal diversity and block-based time reversal that was robust against time-varying channels. Communication performance was compared with the outcomes produced by several other time reversal techniques. The results show that the Multichannel Combined Bidirectional Block-based Time Reversal Technique using a vector sensor achieved superior performance under the environmental conditions considered in this article.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1574-1587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10545562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Aperture Sonar Interferogram Filtering by Intensity Image Segmentation","authors":"Ole Jacob Lorentzen;Torstein Olsmo Sæbø;Alan J. Hunter;Roy Edgar Hansen","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3374465","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3374465","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic aperture sonar interferometry relies on the interferogram of two single look complex images to estimate bathymetry. The phase difference measurements have variance, which is typically reduced by spatial smoothing at the cost of horizontal resolution. The high resolution intensity image is related to the bathymetry because of the observation geometry. We therefore suggest an approach that constrains the filtering around edges found by intensity image segmentation. We demonstrate our suggested method on simulated data and show quantitative and qualitative improvements in both the horizontal resolution and the shape resolvability of small objects. We demonstrate a 30% improvement in RMSE of the bathymetric estimate, and observe that the estimated bathymetry more closely renders the real object shape for a small, but elevated object. We demonstrate our suggested method on real data and show similar results.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 4","pages":"1516-1529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10545427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excellence in Review 2023","authors":"Karl von Ellenrieder","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3364788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JOE.2024.3364788","url":null,"abstract":"This marks the 14th year where we celebrate excellence in review. We extend our deep appreciation to all the reviewers and Associate Editors who have generously contributed their time and expertise toward the editorial process of the journal.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 2","pages":"329-331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10500510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Estimation of Complex High-Resolution Range Profiles of Ships via Amplitude–Position Bi-Iterative Sparse Recovery Algorithm","authors":"Hai-Long Su;Peng-Lang Shui","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3369707","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3369707","url":null,"abstract":"Radar high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs) of ships are important in ship classification and recognition. Sparse recovery algorithms are a major tool for acquiring HRRPs from radar returns. Statistical models of ship HRRPs and sea clutter form the foundation to develop effective and efficient algorithms. In this article, ship HRRPs are modeled using biparametric lognormal distributions with heavy tails and high sparsity. Sea clutter is modeled using a compound-Gaussian model with inverse Gaussian texture (CGIG) distributions. Based on the two models, a fast sparse recovery algorithm, named the Amplitude–Position Bi-iterative Sparse Recovery Algorithm, is proposed to estimate ship HRRPs. In addition to sparsity along range cells, ship HRRPs exhibit nongrid structure, and ship scatterers are frequently not located at the centers of range cells, resulting in microposition offsets. The range-oversampled model can handle nongrid structures but requires excessive computational resources. In this context, a ship HRRP is represented by a complex amplitude vector and a real position vector. The bi-iterative algorithm is designed to alternatively optimize the two vectors. When the latter is held constant, the former is optimized using the sparse recovery through iterative minimization algorithm based on the lognormal ship HRRP model and the CGIG sea clutter model. When the former is held constant, the latter is optimized using the quasi-Newton algorithm. Simulation and measured data are employed to examine the proposed bi-iterative algorithm. The experiments demonstrate that it provides better estimates of ship HRRPs in shorter CPU time compared to the existing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"870-882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic Analysis of Payload Bay Berthing for Underwater Vehicles","authors":"Zachary L. Cooper-Baldock;Paulo E. Santos;Russell S. A. Brinkworth;Karl Sammut","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3352714","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3352714","url":null,"abstract":"The development of extra-large uncrewed underwater vehicles (XLUUVs) presents an opportunity for transporting smaller uncrewed or autonomous underwater vehicles (UUV/AUVs) over long distances, within an XLUUV's payload bay, enabling energy-constrained AUVs to spend longer periods on station rather than in transit to-and-from their operational areas. Existing launch and recovery techniques for AUV platforms have focused on the use of static docks, towed docks, and surface vehicle dock recovery. This article seeks to determine the optimal approach configuration and feasibility of recovering an AUV, via an XLUUV's payload bay, while underway. Optimality was assessed via an analysis of drag, pressure, turbulence, and flow-field phenomena exerted on the AUV undertaking berthing. To make these determinations, a converged and validated computational fluid dynamics simulation was performed using ANSYS Fluent. The simulation assessed two variations to the AUV's approach: path-aligned and flow-aligned, with respect to the AUV's bow. These simulations were repeated across three different speeds and trajectories. The most optimal approach was identified to be the 1 knot, flow-aligned, high steepness trajectory. This approach correlated with reduced propulsion induced effects, more consistent lift and drag effects, and reduced turbulence intensity, kinetic energy, and vortical effects when compared with the other approaches under analysis.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"727-748"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CGF-Unet: Semantic Segmentation of Sidescan Sonar Based on Unet Combined With Global Features","authors":"Yushan Sun;Haotian Zheng;Guocheng Zhang;Jingfei Ren;Guoyang Shu","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3364670","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3364670","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of oceanic exploration, sidescan sonar's significance is indisputable. However, the inherent challenges of low resolution and robust noise interference in sidescan sonar images have presented a formidable barrier to semantic segmentation in target regions. To address this, we propose a novel CGF-Unet framework, amalgamating Unet with global features, for precise and rapid sidescan sonar image segmentation. Leveraging both Transformers and Unet, CGF-Unet strategically introduces Transformer Blocks during downsampling and upsampling, amplifying access to comprehensive global insights and synergizing Transformer's potent sequence encoding with convolutional neural network's (CNN) holistic perception and spatial invariance. The incorporation of Conv-Attention within the Transformer Block streamlines model training parameters, accelerates training pace, and bolsters learning prowess. By implementing a weighted loss function, we navigate the challenge posed by skewed positive and negative samples, thereby elevating segmentation accuracy. Demonstrating its novelty, on distinct sidescan sonar data sets, we achieve exceptional mIOU scores of 89.3% and 86.5%, surpassing existing methodologies in precision. Remarkably, even amidst noise perturbation, the method maintains robust performance.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"963-975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time In-Situ Passive Acoustic Array Beamforming From the AutoNaut Wave-Propelled Uncrewed Surface Vessel","authors":"Alfie Anthony Treloar;Hugh Maclean;Jan Bujalka;Jon Narramore;Ben Thomas;Philippe Blondel;Alan Hunter","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3365169","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3365169","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the first demonstration of beamforming, detection, and bearing estimation of an underwater acoustic source from an eight-element thin line hydrophone array towed behind the AutoNaut wave-propelled uncrewed surface vessel. This has been achieved in situ and in real time during an experimental sea trial off the coast of Plymouth, U.K. A controlled acoustic source was towed from a support vessel while emitting seven tonals with frequencies between 480–1630 Hz and source levels between 93–126 dB. This allowed the detection performance of the array to be assessed and demonstrated for an acoustic source with known bearing and range. In postprocessing, the shape of the array was estimated using a cubic spline model, exploiting measurements from pressure and three-axis compass sensors integrated at each end of the array. The beamforming was repeated using the estimated array shape to infer the hydrophone positions, which resulted in a median improvement of 0.38 dB and maximum of 5.8 dB in the MUSIC beamforming output, and a potential reduction in the left/right bearing estimation ambiguities. The outcomes of this work demonstrate that the AutoNaut is an effective platform for towed array passive acoustic monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"713-726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclostationary Feature Distortion for Secure Underwater Acoustic Transmissions","authors":"François-Xavier Socheleau;Christophe Laot;Sébastien Houcke","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3366283","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3366283","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclostationary features of communication signals are known to compromise the security of transmissions against eavesdropping attacks. They can be used for signal detection, modulation recognition, or for the blind estimation of physical layer parameters. This work presents a method that voluntarily distorts the transmitted signal to hide the cyclostationary patterns. This distortion is obtained with a pseudorandom time-varying filter that combines time warping and dispersive filtering. The proposed method acts as a plug-in that is applicable to most of the existing transmission schemes. It is shown that this distortion can be easily reversed by the cooperative receiver using a simple matched filter combined with resampling. In the context of underwater acoustic communications, numerical results with replay simulations of channels measured at sea illustrate the benefits of the proposed method. For both a coherent and a noncoherent modem, the induced distortion is shown to be robust to existing cyclostationary attacks, at the cost of a slight reduction in data rate. Furthermore, no performance degradation in terms of packet error ratio is observed for cooperative transmissions.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"1051-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying an Uncrewed Surface Vessel to Measure Under-Pier Bathymetry","authors":"Jessica E. Carilli;Regina A. Guazzo;Angelica R. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3360515","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3360515","url":null,"abstract":"Determining accurate latitude and longitude positions in GPS-denied environments is a long-standing issue in the fields of navigation and positioning. Much of the ongoing research in these fields centers on costly, evermore sophisticated sensor and algorithm development. Yet, several applications exist, which do not require high levels of precision or investment. This article describes a simple and cost-effective solution developed to map generalized, georeferenced bathymetry underneath piers using an uncrewed surface vessel (USV) with the minimum number of instruments. Under-pier areas are challenging environments constrained by tides, ship movements, varying pier architectures, and sporadic or nonexistent GPS signals. Working within these constraints, we used a small, remotely operated USV with an integrated single-beam sonar system (for depth, \u0000<italic>z</i>\u0000 measurements) and geographic positioning system (GPS; for some latitude/longitude, \u0000<italic>x,y</i>\u0000 positions) and also used an ultrashort baseline (USBL) acoustic positioning system to determine \u0000<italic>x,y</i>\u0000 positions when GPS was denied under the pier. We developed data processing steps to correct the positional and bathymetric estimates and assessed the accuracy of these values. We found that our quality-controlled USBL positions were reasonably precise compared with GPS positions (1.2 and 0.6 m average standard deviation, respectively), although there was also an apparent horizontal offset between USBL and GPS positions that averaged about 3.25 m. However, comparing the sediment volume under piers estimated using this low-cost USV method with that calculated from sidescan sonar-generated bathymetric maps, we found that these volume estimates agreed closely, within \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 0.6%. This manuscript presents the methods developed, including the approach used to integrate these different data streams, to allow other researchers to collect and process similar data sets in constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"793-801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10495055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140582546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Path Selection in Parallel Multihop UVLC Systems Over Turbulence Channels","authors":"Mohammed Elamassie","doi":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3360532","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JOE.2024.3360532","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores an underwater communication system using visible light, featuring multiple parallel relay paths and several decode-and-forward relays per path. In traditional multihop systems, the failure of a single relay can result in the collapse of the entire system, rendering single-path multihop systems unreliable. Therefore, the adoption of parallel paths becomes important to enhance system robustness. In pursuit of reducing hardware complexity, the primary goal is to select one path from these parallel options. However, the challenge lies in choosing the best path, given various factors such as noise affecting channel coefficient estimation and the impact of erroneous feedback channels. In light of these challenges, our investigation delves into a comprehensive evaluation of the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$lmathrm{{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 best path selection in underwater environments. We consider both weak and moderate/strong turbulence conditions, with “weak” and “moderate/strong” turbulence conditions modeled by lognormal (LN) and gamma–gamma (GG) distributions, respectively. Closed-form expressions for the exact, approximate, and asymptotic probability of an outage are derived for both distributions when the \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$lmathrm{{th}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 best path is chosen for transmission. Additionally, we explore the incremental diversity order for LN turbulence channels and investigate the diversity order for GG turbulence channels. This comprehensive approach enables a more robust evaluation of the system's performance under various underwater conditions.","PeriodicalId":13191,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering","volume":"49 3","pages":"1116-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}