IEEE Magnetics Letters最新文献

{"title":"Two Modes of Drag Reduction for Magnetorheological Fluids","authors":"Jing Cheng Lv;Ming Yu Wu;Tong Zhao;Yin Tao Wei","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3193954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3193954","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) show a millisecond-level reversible response controlled by an external magnetic field and are, thus, widely used in many areas, especially vehicle dampers, clutches, and brakes. However, in the standby state, the piston or rotor of these devices still moves in the MRF and generates damping force or torque, which will deteriorate the performance and even significantly increase the energy consumption of the entire vehicle. To solve these problems, we propose two working modes of MRFs based on rheology: vertical shear and parallel shear modes. We designed relevant magnetic circuit implementations for drum-type rotary magnetorheological (MR) devices to realize these new modes and verified the drag reduction effects by using a modified rheometer. The experimental results indicate that the vertical shear and parallel shear modes reduce the drag torque of the MRF by approximately 10% and 9% at magnetic field strengths of approximately 3.5 and 0.1 kA/m, respectively. Therefore, MR devices utilizing these drag reduction modes can reduce standby damping to improve performance. In addition, two mechanisms were developed to explain the significant decrease in damping torque with the increasing number of experiments under the vertical shear mode. In summary, research into these two modes promotes understanding of MRFs and the development of MR devices.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Energy Loops Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise","authors":"Xiaoge Meng;Lin Li;Yanzhao Hou","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3191281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3191281","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN), which contains microstructure information of materials, is widely used in nondestructive testing (NDT) of magnetic materials. MBN energy (MBN\u0000_energy\u0000) is a time-independent indicator for NDT, but the initial MBN\u0000_energy\u0000 has no clear physical meaning and cannot be used to explain the relationship to the hysteresis loop. In this letter, based on the physical mechanism of MBN, a proportional relation is built between the MBN voltage signal \u0000<italic>V</i>\u0000_B\u0000 and energy loss, and the signal \u0000<italic>V</i>\u0000_B\u0000 is then related to the energy loss through wall pinning in the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model. We define a novel magnetic Barkhausen noise energy eigenvalue (MBNE\u0000<italic>)</i>\u0000 as the time integral of the product of the absolute value of \u0000<italic>V</i>\u0000_B\u0000 and the sign function sign(\u0000<italic>dH</i>\u0000/\u0000<italic>dt</i>\u0000). We prove that the MBNE is proportional to the irreversible magnetization \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_irr\u0000. Since \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_irr\u0000 is equal to the saturation magnetization \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_s\u0000 when the magnetization of ferromagnetic material reaches saturation, we scaled the MBNE to make its maximum value equal to \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_s\u0000 and found that MBNE with respect to the magnetic field \u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000, MBNE(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000), coincides with the irreversible hysteresis loop \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_irr\u0000(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000). We refer to MBNE(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000) as the MBN energy loop. The MBNE(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000) and \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_irr\u0000(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000) for two kinds of electrical steel sheets are compared experimentally, which validates the adaptability of the MBNE(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000) construction method. The method to obtain \u0000<italic>M</i>\u0000_irr\u0000(\u0000<italic>H</i>\u0000) from the MBN raw signal reveals the physical mechanism of MBN and the irreversible magnetization process of magnetic materials.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Temperature Sensor Using Spin-Crossover Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4I] Nanoparticles","authors":"Yunji Eom;Keonmok Kim;Hyeon-Jun Lee;Sri Ramulu Torati;CheolGi Kim","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3189274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3189274","url":null,"abstract":"Device miniaturization requires temperature sensors with high resolution and precise calibration for measurements at reduced scale. We developed an optical temperature sensor using Fe\u0000²⁺\u0000 spin-crossover (SCO) material that has low and high spin states depending on temperature. We adjusted the operating range of the SCO (295–365 K) with an appropriate concentration of iodine. The color induced by temperature change was observed with a microscope and was converted to the color intensity represented in grayscale. To test the material, we covered the surface of a gold microheater with a layer of Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)\u0000₄\u0000I] SCO nanoparticles and compared optically measured temperatures with those from a conventional temperature sensor. We conclude that the thermochromic temperature sensor is suitable for measuring temperature changes in microdevices, even in ambient light.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal Stress of a Micro–Nano Magnetorheological Elastomer","authors":"Xuhui Liu;Jinghu Wang;Huina Hu;Ziyun Fang;Bin Xu;Yan Wu;Lei Gao;Meiling Pu","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3184259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3184259","url":null,"abstract":"A micro–nano magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) containing Fe\u0000₃\u0000O\u0000₄\u0000 nanoparticles was prepared, and its mechanical properties were analyzed. A microscopic static force model was used for MREs with different concentrations of nanomagnetic particles. To investigate the mechanical properties, an experimental platform was built, and its magnetic field flux was simulated with finite-element software. The results show that the maximum compressive elastic modulus for MREs containing 10% Fe\u0000₃\u0000O\u0000₄\u0000 nanoparticles is 2.89 MPa, which is 149% that of a traditional MRE under the same magnetic field. The normal stress of micro–nano MRE was significantly improved, which could be useful in the development of high-performance MREs.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Optimized Magnet Circuit Design to Reduce Power Consumption for Torsional Electromagnetic Actuators","authors":"Xian Shi;Guifu Ding","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3183493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3183493","url":null,"abstract":"A torsional electromagnetic actuator that is actuated by the torque applied to a planar coil in an external magnetic field is designed, modeled, and analyzed in this letter. The analytical model of the magnetic torque is established. A magnet combination consisting of a rectangular magnet and a square-ring magnet magnetized in opposite directions is developed. A novel magnetic circuit is designed and analyzed to increase the driving torque. The electromagnetic and mechanical responses of the device are characterized by finite element simulation. In the case study, the power consumption of the actuator is significantly reduced by 54.3%, and down to 3.05 mW at the mechanical torsion angle of 11°. The effect of air gap on power consumption is also studied quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Phase Transitions in GdH0.15: Some Peculiarities in the Behavior of Magnetocaloric and Magnetostrictive Effects","authors":"Galina A. Politova;Irina S. Tereshina;Evgenia A. Tereshina-Chitrova;Barbora Vondráčková;Jiří Pospíšil;Mikhail A. Paukov;Alexander V. Andreev","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3171089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3171089","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and anomalies of magnetostriction behavior were studied at the order-order and order-disorder magnetic phase transitions in hydrided Gd single crystal grown by a modified Czochralski method. The composition GdH\u0000_0.15\u0000 was obtained using a Sievert-type apparatus. While parent Gd shows an isotropic MCE at the order-disorder phase transition, the effect is anisotropic in GdH\u0000_0.15\u0000 due to the appearance of local anisotropy. We investigate in detail the temperature variation of the longitudinal, transverse, volume, and anisotropic magnetostriction. Hydrogenation is found to influence both the magnitude and the sign of the magnetostriction constants \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$lambda_{rm ij}^{alpha}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67901202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Anomalous Nernst Angle in Co2MnGa Thin Film","authors":"Junfeng Hu;Yao Zhang;Xiayu Huo;Ningsheng Li;Song Liu;Dapeng Yu;Jean-Philippe Ansermet;Simon Granville;Haiming Yu","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3167332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3167332","url":null,"abstract":"The new trends for anomalous Nernst effect (ANE)-based thermoelectric devices require materials with large ANE values to realize the scalable generation of voltage. Recently, very large ANE values have been observed in single crystals of some novel magnetic materials. However, to allow work to proceed on developing ANE-based devices, these materials need to be produced in thin-film form, and to date, thin films have not achieved the same large ANE values as bulk materials. In this letter, we report a large ANE in a 50 nm thick film of ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Co\u0000₂\u0000MnGa, matching the values achieved in the bulk material. By systematically mapping the thermoelectric transport properties, we extracted an anomalous Nernst angle in the range of 11.5% –14.2% at 300 K.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67740909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Composite Coatings FeC and NiC Synthesized With Arabinogalactan","authors":"Sergey V. Stolyar;Irina G. Vazhenina;Roman N. Yaroslavtsev;Lidia A. Chekanova;Elena V. Cheremiskina;Yuri L. Mikhlin","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3164631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3164631","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the ferromagnetic resonance spectra of metal/carbon composite coatings. FeC and NiC coatings were synthesized by electroless deposition using polysaccharide arabinogalactan. An analysis of the angular dependences of the resonance field showed that the coatings consist of three magnetic phases separated by a nonmagnetic phase of carbon.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67741214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of NdFeB Magnetic Particles With High (BH)max From Their Optimized Oxide Powders Through Reduction–Diffusion Method","authors":"Rambabu Kuchi;Vitalii Galkin;Seunghyun Kim;Jong-Ryul Jeong;Soon-jik Hong;Dongsoo Kim","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3178667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3178667","url":null,"abstract":"Neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnetic particles with high (\u0000<italic>BH</i>\u0000)\u0000_max\u0000 were obtained using optimized ball-milled (BM) NdFeB oxide powders, instead of unmilled NdFeB oxide powders, through combined chemical processes comprising the spray drying and reduction-diffusion (RD) methods. The NdFeB oxide particles were subjected to the BM process to control their structural properties, including shape and size of the particles. The oxide powders were critical to make the NdFeB magnetic particles with enhanced properties by the RD process. In general, the controlled structural properties of the NdFeB oxide particles have a significant impact on the properties of final NdFeB magnetic particles. This has been explored through the NdFeB magnetic particles synthesized by utilizing BM oxide powders (0, 1, 2, and 4 h) at different time intervals. One-hour BM oxide powders yielded NdFeB magnetic particles with higher magnetic properties: (\u0000<italic>BH</i>\u0000)\u0000_max\u0000 of 14.06 MG·Oe, coercivity (\u0000<italic>H_C</i>\u0000) of 3.9 kOe, and remanence (\u0000<italic>M_R</i>\u0000) of 101 emu/g. This was attributed to minimal shape defects and phase purity with high crystallinity for the optimized BM oxide powders. Thus, NdFeB oxide particles directed the final intermetallic NdFeB magnetic particles structural properties, which strongly affected their magnetic properties. This study on oxide powders BM will be useful for the preparation of other intermetallic alloys with enhanced properties.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67902630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Radiation Hardened Magnetic Full Adder Using Spin-Orbit Torque for Multinode Upset","authors":"Alok Kumar Shukla;Arshid Nisar;Seema Dhull;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik","doi":"10.1109/LMAG.2022.3178627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2022.3178627","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronic-based integrated circuits have been extensively explored as viable contenders for space use since magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are intrinsically immune to radiation effects. On the other hand, their complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) peripheral circuitry is still susceptible to radiation-induced single-event upset (SEU) and multinode upset (MNU) caused by charge sharing. It results in localized ionization and flips the data state of memory cells or other logic circuits. To ensure a fault-free operation, this letter proposes a novel radiation-hardened (RH) CMOS peripheral circuitry for a magnetic full adder (MFA) using spin-orbit torque MTJs. The circuit can recover from SEUs as well as MNUs regardless of the accumulated charge. Moreover, the read time and read energy of the circuit are improved by 17.6% and 64%, respectively, when compared to the previously reported RH MFA.","PeriodicalId":13040,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Magnetics Letters","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67740920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}