Head & Face Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of build orientation on fracture load and surface roughness of three-unit provisional fixed partial dentures fabricated by digital light processing.","authors":"Mahnaz Arshad, Mahya Hasanzade, Dimah Haydar Al-Bahrani, Seyed Ali Mosaddad","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00638-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00638-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of build orientation on the fracture load and surface roughness of three-unit provisional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated by digital light processing (DLP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this in vitro study, standardized three-unit FPDs were designed and fabricated using a DLP 3D printer at three buccolingual angulations (150°, 180°, and 210°) and three mesiodistal angulations (0°, 15°, and 45°) (n = 12 per group). Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured using a profilometer, and fracture load (N) was determined using a universal testing machine. Surface roughness data were analyzed using three-way repeated-measures ANOVA, while fracture load data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Buccolingual and mesiodistal angulations significantly affected surface roughness (p < 0.001) and fracture load (p < 0.001). The lowest surface roughness was observed at 210° buccolingual and 45° mesiodistal angulation, whereas the highest fracture load was recorded at 210° buccolingual and 0° mesiodistal angulation. The effect of location on surface roughness was not significant (p = 0.309).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Build orientation significantly influences the surface and mechanical performance of 3D-printed provisional FPDs. The 210-degree buccolingual angulation showed favorable outcomes under specific mesiodistal conditions; however, the optimal mesiodistal angulation depended on the desired outcome, with 45 degrees improving surface smoothness and 0 degrees enhancing fracture resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spathodea campanulata extract as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro and ex vivo study.","authors":"Jorge Miguel Santacruz-Monzon, Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez, Bertha Fenton-Navarro","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00639-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00639-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts derived from Spathodea campanulata as an endodontic irrigant in both in vitro and ex vivo models against Enterococcus faecalis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Aqueous (AQESC), methanolic (MESC), ethanolic (EESC), acetonic (AESC), chloroformic (CESC), and hexanic (HESC) extracts derived from Spathodea campanulata were prepared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. A well diffusion assay was employed to compare these extracts against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212. Human single-rooted teeth were collected, standardized, and inoculated to facilitate the development of a four-week biofilm. These teeth were subsequently divided into three experimental groups, each receiving positive pressure irrigation with 1 mL of one of the following solutions: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and the extract from Spathodea campanulata exhibiting the most favorable MIC, MBC, and inhibition halo in prior tests. Biofilm samples were harvested from the root canals to quantify colony-forming units (CFU). Moreover, the extracts were analyzed for their total flavonoid, phenol, polyphenol, and tannin contents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AQESC lacked MIC and MBC values, whereas the other extracts demonstrated MIC and MBC values within the range of 12.5 to 50 µg/mL. AQESC, MESC, CESC, and HESC did not produce an inhibition halo at a concentration of 800 mg/mL. Conversely, EESC and AESC at this concentration exhibited bactericidal activity, with no statistically significant difference between them, when compared to 2.5% NaOCl. EESC at 800 mg/mL displayed the most superior antibacterial properties; consequently, this concentration was utilized in the ex vivo model. The analysis of CFU/mL revealed a significant reduction in the EESC group compared to 2.5% NaOCl (P < 0.0001). The extracts are abundant in flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, and tannins, which may account for the observed results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The extracts of Spathodea campanulata exhibit bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties at low concentrations, with the exception of AQESC. The inhibition halo against Enterococcus faecalis at 800 mg/mL of EESC and AESC is comparable to that produced by 2.5% NaOCl. Moreover, endodontic irrigation using 800 mg/mL of EESC significantly decreases the CFU of Enterococcus faecalis compared to 2.5% NaOCl.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of laser-assisted and different pre-treatment modalities on dentin surface interface and bond strength of fiber posts (In-vitro study).","authors":"Rewaa G AboElhassan, Alaa M Eltaweel","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00632-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00632-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dentin-cement interface can be considered a critical point in fiber post cementation. Post-space preparation may leave a smear layer and sodium hypochlorite remnants on root dentin, which can compromise bonding between fiber posts and self-adhesive resin cement. This study evaluated the effect of different post-space dentin pretreatment modalities on dentin surface characteristics and push-out bond strength of fiber posts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-five extracted single-rooted mandibular second premolars were endodontically treated and assigned to five groups according to post-space dentin pretreatment (n = 9): 2.5% chitosan (CH), 5% apple vinegar (AV), Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ErCr), 970 nm diode laser (DL), and 0.9% saline as control group (CG). Fiber posts were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement. Specimens were sectioned into coronal, middle, and apical slices for push-out bond strength testing and failure mode analysis. One additional specimen from each group was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Push-out bond strength was significantly influenced by surface treatment. The ErCr laser group showed the highest mean bond strength, followed by the chitosan, diode laser, and apple vinegar groups, all of which demonstrated significantly higher values than the control group. Differences between root regions were not statistically significant. Mixed failure was the predominant mode in all experimental groups. SEM revealed superior smear layer removal in the ErCr laser and chitosan groups, whereas the diode laser and apple vinegar groups showed only partial dentinal tubules exposure, and the control group retained a dense smear layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Post-space dentin pretreatment improved fiber post bond strength and interfacial adaptation compared with saline treatment. ErCr laser and 2.5% chitosan showed the most favorable outcomes and may represent promising conditioning strategies before fiber post cementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botulinum Toxin Type A for Myogenous Temporomandibular Disorders, Focusing on the Duration of Clinical Effects and Dosage Parameters: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ilan Hudson Gomes de Santana, Katia Caetana Pereira, Samuel Emiliano Monte Leite, Flavianna Rocha de Carvalho Batista, Anderson Jara Ferreira, Bruna Sampaio Lopes Costa, Camila Coelho Guimarães, Tânia Lemos Coelho Rodrigues, Monique Danyelle Emiliano Batista Paiva","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00637-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00637-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been increasingly investigated as a therapeutic option for myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMD), yet uncertainties remain regarding the duration of its clinical effects and the relevance of dosing parameters.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically evaluate the clinical effects, duration of action, and dosage parameters of BoNT-A in the management of myogenous temporomandibular disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Randomized clinical trials evaluating BoNT-A for myogenous TMD were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB-2) tool were performed independently. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten randomized clinical trials were included. Pain was assessed using validated instruments, including the Visual Analog Scale, Characteristic Pain Intensity, and Numeric Rating Scale. Pain reduction over time was reported in both BoNT-A and control groups, including placebo and conservative therapies. In placebo-controlled trials, BoNT-A did not consistently demonstrate superiority over saline injections. Greater pain reductions were reported in studies involving refractory myofascial pain. Improvements in mandibular function were observed in both intervention and control groups. Clinical effects were generally reported to persist for 8 to 24 weeks. Current evidence is insufficient to determine whether a clinically relevant dose-response relationship exists across the evaluated regimens. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate and transient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current evidence does not support the routine use of BoNT-A as a first-line treatment for myogenous temporomandibular disorders. Its use may be considered in selected refractory cases after failure of conservative therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13536701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148294586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transepithelial electrical resistance and cellular viability responses to teething gels: an in vitro study.","authors":"Sabiha Ceren İlisulu, Sinem Birant, Sabriye Senem Kılıç, Zeynep Tunca, Hazal Özcan, Tunç Akkoç, Figen Seymen","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00630-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00630-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of commercially available teething gels with different formulations on epithelial barrier integrity and cellular viability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six commercially available teething gels were tested at concentrations of 0.1%, 20%, 50%, and 80%. Cellular viability was assessed using the MTT assay in human gingival mesenchymal stem cells after 72 h of exposure. Epithelial barrier integrity was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in HaCaT keratinocyte cells cultured on transwell inserts at 24, 48, and 72 h. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, applying mixed-design and two-way ANOVA with appropriate post hoc tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEER values differed significantly according to gel type, concentration, and exposure time (p < 0.05). At 0.1%, significant intergroup differences were observed at 24 h (p = 0.001) and 72 h (p = 0.017), with Dentinox showing significantly lower TEER values than Gengigel, Aftamed, Buccotherm, and Jack N'Jill. At 20%, 50%, and 80% concentrations, Dentinox consistently exhibited reduced TEER levels at 24-72 h (p = 0.001), whereas Gengigel showed higher TEER values mainly at 24 h (20%) and 72 h (50%), and Buccotherm at 48 h across higher concentrations. MTT analysis revealed significant gel- and concentration-dependent differences at 20%, 50%, and 80% (p = 0.001). Jack N'Jill exhibited higher cell viability at 20%, while both Jack N'Jill and Buccotherm showed higher viability at 50% and 80%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Teething gels exert formulation, concentration, and time-dependent effects on epithelial barrier integrity and cellular viability, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation of products intended for infant use.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study demonstrates that teething gels with different formulations and concentrations can differentially affect epithelial barrier integrity and cellular viability. These findings highlight the clinical importance of carefully evaluating teething gel composition and concentration, particularly for products intended for use in infants and young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148283602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its association with stress among a sample of Egyptian dental students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Christine Raouf George Mikhail, Marwa Hassan Mostafa, Fatma E A Hassanein, Eman D El Desouky, Nourhan Abdullah Abdelkhalek, Mai Abdelhalim Hamouda, Rehab Ahmed Osman","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00626-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common inflammatory ulcerative disorders that impact the oral mucosa. The etiology of aphthous ulcers is complex and multifaceted; however, emotional stress is considered one of the primary risk factors contributing to their development in younger populations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RAS among a sample of dental students, its correlation with their stress levels, and to identify possible risk factors linked to these oral ulcers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 4^th level dental students at King Salman International University using a standardized questionnaire evaluating medical and dental histories, personal habits, as well as oral hygiene practices including tooth brushing frequency and clinically relevant data regarding oral diseases, particularly RAS, alongside the 10- item Perceived Stress Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred twenty-eight out of 150 students participated, 68.8% experienced RAS with females exhibiting a significantly lower likelihood of developing aphthous ulcers compared to males (OR = 0.233, p = 0.015). Daily toothbrushing was unexpectedly associated with a markedly increased risk (OR = 9.634, p < 0.001), suggesting a potential underlying mechanism warranting further investigation. Additionally, a family history of recurrent ulcers emerged as the strongest predictor (OR = 34.394, p < 0.001), highlighting a possible genetic predisposition. While poor oral hygiene demonstrated a high odds ratio (OR = 11.224), the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.059), possibly due to wide variability in the data. Similarly, high and moderate stress levels exhibited elevated odds ratios (OR = 8.716 and OR = 6.519, respectively), but their associations did not show statistical significance (p = 0.056 and p = 0.061).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research underscored a notable prevalence of RAS among dental students. It also identified familial history of aphthous stomatitis, presence of other dental issues, and regular daily toothbrushing as the three primary risk factors for aphthous lesions. Stress levels did not show a significant association with RAS lesions among dental students. Given that RAS is a multifactorial condition, further investigation into additional intervening factors is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A short-term randomized controlled trial of bilaminar techniques using tunnel versus envelope flap for root coverage in multiple mandibular anterior gingival recessions with thin gingival phenotype.","authors":"Nana Liu, Qiang Chen, Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00631-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00631-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare clinical, aesthetic, and patient-reported outcomes of tunnel technique (TUN) versus envelope flap technique (ENV), both combined with connective tissue graft (CTG), for the treatment of multiple mandibular anterior gingival recession defects in patients with thin gingival phenotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine patients contributing 103 recession sites in teeth 33-43 were enrolled. Randomisation was performed at the patient level, and all eligible sites within the same patient received the same intervention. Thirty-four patients (59 sites) received TUN + CTG and 25 patients (44 sites) received ENV + CTG. Clinical outcomes were analysed at the site level with patient-level clustering accounted for using mixed-effects models. Root coverage percentage (RC%), complete root coverage (CRC), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival thickness (GT), Root Esthetic Score (RES), and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at 3 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months, mean RC% in the TUN group (79.18 ± 31.49%) was significantly higher than in the ENV group (57.93 ± 37.24%; adjusted mean difference 19.8%, 95% CI 6.9-32.7; P = 0.003). CRC was achieved in 37/59 sites (62.7%) in TUN and 14/44 sites (31.8%) in ENV (adjusted OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.48-7.61; P = 0.004). Both groups showed significant gains in KTW and GT, while RES scores and patient satisfaction were consistently higher in the TUN group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both techniques effectively improved recession defects and soft tissue phenotype in multiple mandibular anterior gingival recessions. The tunnel technique provided superior root coverage, aesthetic integration, and patient satisfaction over 6 months while maintaining a comparable operative time and favourable safety profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative and postoperative evaluation of temporomandibular joint disc repositioning and suturing via anteriorly based or posteriorly based approaches to the neurovascular bundle: a retrospective single-center cohort study.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Zhenlong Liu, Li Deng, Wenchao Zhong, Zhiqiang Song, Qingbin Zhang, Zixian Jiao, Antong Wu, Wei Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00634-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00634-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate a modified posteriorly based approach of superficial temporal neurovascular bundle for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc repositioning and suturing in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR), and to assess its immediate clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 132 patients (218 joints) treated at the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between August 2023 and April 2024. All patients were diagnosed with ADDWoR corresponding to Wilkes-Bronstein stages III-V. Open TMJ disc repositioning and suturing were performed using either a posteriorly based or anteriorly based approach relative to the neurovascular bundle. Intraoperative parameters and immediate postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative MRI confirmed successful disc reduction in 211 of 218 joints. Intraoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the posterior group (25.06 ± 8.00 mL) than in the anterior group (14.52 ± 4.83 mL). Operating duration was also longer in the posterior group (103.1 ±27.64 minvs.87.85 ± 23.93 min). No skin flap perforation occurred in the posterior group, whereas 5 cases were observed in the anterior group. The posterior group exhibited a higher postoperative infection rate (9.09%) than the anterior group, whereas transient facial nerve injury was more frequent in the anterior group (27.27% vs. 9.09%). Postoperative fever was more common in the posterior group (18.18% vs. 3.03%), and surgical site drainage was greater in the posterior group (13.87 ± 3.90 mL vs. 11.52 ± 3.52 mL). Perioperative inflammatory markers and hospitalization duration showed no significant differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified posteriorly based approach for TMJ disc repositioning and suturing is a safe and effective technique for treating ADDWoR. Compared with the anteriorly based approach, it offers advantages in reducing facial nerve injury and minimizing flap complications, despite longer operative time and increased intraoperative bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the accuracy of sex estimation from human tooth volume: leveraging automated AI segmentation and comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms.","authors":"Junyan Wang, Xiangdong Liu, Jingxin Zhang, Jianing Wei, Jiajun Liu, Chengbo Wang, Enbin Zhang, Li Yang, Tianyi Song, Shujun Li, Shujin Li, Bin Cong","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00633-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00633-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurately estimating biological sex is a fundamental step in forensic odontology, anthropology and archaeology. Tooth volume has been recognized as a valuable feature for sex estimation. However, dental morphology exhibits population-specific variations, which remains underexplored in the northern Han Chinese population. Furthermore, manual segmentation of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is prone to subjectivity and error, and conventional modeling approaches may offer limited predictive accuracy. This study aimed to address these limitations by integrating automated artificial intelligence (AI) segmentation with multiple machine learning algorithms to enhance objectivity and predictive performance in sex prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 398 CBCT images was analyzed using a fully automated deep learning system for tooth segmentation, and a final cohort of 357 samples (185 females, 172 males) was retained. Volumetric data for teeth were automatically calculated, with missing values imputed via multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE). Four machine learning algorithms were applied to build binary classification models for sex estimation. Hyperparameter optimization was achieved through nested cross-validation, and model performance was evaluated on a test set using a comprehensive set of metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 16 measured teeth showed significantly differences in volume between sexes, with males consistently showing larger mean volumes across all tooth types compared to females. Nested cross-validation showed that all models exhibited promising performance for sex estimation with mean ACC above 0.77 and mean AUC values at or above 0.85. On the test set, the models achieved accuracies ranging from 0.803 to 0.859 and AUCs from 0.893 to 0.903. SHAP interpretability analysis highlighted canines as having the greatest impact on predictions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is the first to demonstrate the significant sexual dimorphism of tooth volumes in a north Chinese population. We utilized an AI-based automated segmentation accompanied with machine learning modeling pipeline to accurately estimate sex using tooth volume features, offering a valuable approach for forensic and anthropological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13483602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148224742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Arabic nasal obstruction symptom evaluation scale (Arabic NOSE): validation and severity categorization in Middle Eastern population.","authors":"Turki Aldrees, Basil Hassouneh, Zaid Almubarak, Saad Alsaleh","doi":"10.1186/s13005-026-00628-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13005-026-00628-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to adapt the NOSE instrument into the Arabic language using a cohort that reflects the linguistic and cultural diversity of Middle Eastern nationalities and dialects. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate score distribution and propose a preliminary severity categorization using a Middle Eastern cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NOSE scale was translated into Arabic using a forward-backward translation process. Adult native Arabic speakers (≥ 16 years) were recruited from Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery clinics. Participants included patients with nasal obstruction and asymptomatic controls with normal endoscopic examinations. Construct validity was assessed by correlations with patient-reported visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0-10 scale, where 0 indicates no obstruction and 10 indicates maximal obstruction). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, responsiveness to surgical intervention, and score discrimination between groups were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 235 participants completed the Arabic NOSE scale, including 182 patients with nasal obstruction and 53 normal controls. The Arabic NOSE score was significantly higher in patients with nasal obstruction than in controls (62.9 ± 22.2 vs. 7.8 ± 7.6; p < 0.001). The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92) and strong test-retest reliability (r = 0.93). Arabic NOSE scores correlated strongly with patient-reported VAS severity (r = 0.90) and surgeon-assessed severity (r = 0.83). ROC analysis identified a cutoff score of < 25 as optimal for distinguishing normal from symptomatic participants (sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 94.3%). Among surgical patients, mean NOSE scores improved significantly from 66.9 preoperatively to 10.9 postoperatively (mean change 56.0; p < 0.001), demonstrating high responsiveness. The effect size for pre- to post-operative change was large (Cohen's d = 2.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Arabic NOSE scale demonstrated excellent reliability, validity, and responsiveness for assessing nasal obstruction in Arabic-speaking populations. A cutoff score of < 25 demonstrated excellent discrimination between asymptomatic individuals and patients with nasal obstruction within this cohort. The proposed severity classification and ROC-derived threshold are preliminary and require prospective external validation in independent Arabic-speaking populations before widespread clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":12994,"journal":{"name":"Head & Face Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148053988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}