Handbook of clinical neurology最新文献_第6页

NGF-based cholinergic therapies in Alzheimer disease. 基于神经生长因子的胆碱能治疗阿尔茨海默病。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00007-X

Sumonto Mitra, Ruchi Gera, Maria Eriksdotter

{"title":"NGF-based cholinergic therapies in Alzheimer disease.","authors":"Sumonto Mitra, Ruchi Gera, Maria Eriksdotter","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00007-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00007-X","url":null,"abstract":"The cholinergic system is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, which works in tandem with the sympathetic and enteric nervous systems to maintain the physiologic functioning of our body. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) facilitates cholinergic signaling pathways by activating specific cell surface receptors (nicotinic and muscarinic receptors). Altered cholinergic signaling has been implicated in several pathologic conditions. In this chapter, conditions where cholinergic modulation in the central nervous system occurs through the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) are addressed. NGF is the master regulator of several pathways, ultimately leading to cell survival, ACh production, regenerative signaling, and anti-inflammatory tone. NGF and cholinergic-related pathways have been reported to be severely affected in the case of Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common dementia disorder. In AD, the cholinergic nuclei of the basal forebrain are affected early during the AD continuum, resulting in cholinergic cell loss and hampered ACh production, which overall affects the propagation of cholinergic signals in other brain regions. Since the 1990s clinically relevant strategies to treat AD patients have been the drugs that enhance cholinergic signaling-termed cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), however, other strategies in AD have been and are presently being assessed for clinical efficacy. Delivery of NGF to the basal forebrain is considered crucial to revive the cholinergic cell bodies, restore ACh production, and sustain cognitive function. This chapter provides a description of the relevance of NGF-based therapies targeted for AD treatment, technical approaches for NGF delivery to the brain, and the status of ongoing clinical studies are provided.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"211 ","pages":"123-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroglia in autism spectrum disorders. 自闭症谱系障碍中的神经胶质细胞。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00006-5

Vivi M Heine, Stephanie Dooves

引用次数: 0

Reciprocal interactions between glioma and tissue-resident cells fueling tumor progression. 胶质瘤和组织驻留细胞之间的相互影响助长了肿瘤的发展。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00007-7

Alice Laurenge, Luis Jaime Castro-Vega, Gilles Huberfeld

{"title":"Reciprocal interactions between glioma and tissue-resident cells fueling tumor progression.","authors":"Alice Laurenge, Luis Jaime Castro-Vega, Gilles Huberfeld","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00007-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00007-7","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumor and are essentially incurable. While nondiffuse gliomas are circumscribed, diffuse gliomas display an aggressive behavior characterized by tumor cell migration over large distances into the brain parenchyma, thereby precluding curative surgical resection. Almost all diffuse gliomas progress and recur as higher grades and become resistant to standard-of-care treatments. It is being increasingly recognized that glioma cells establish functional interactions with cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. Of these, tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs) play critical roles in immunosuppression through modulation of the extracellular matrix, and the secretion of molecules such as cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Conversely, glioma cell signals influence cell states and drive the metabolic reprogramming of TAMs. Similarly, emergent evidence indicates that neuronal activity influences glioma by released factors and by establishing functional synapses with glioma cells to promote tumor growth and invasion. Glioma cells also affect local neuronal activities and maintain connections through microtube gap junctions to amplify local effects. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying bidirectional interactions between glioma cells and TAMs, as well as between glioma cells and neurons. A better understanding of these cellular cross talks is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for diffuse gliomas.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"210 ","pages":"177-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gliotransmission in physiologic and pathologic conditions. 生理和病理条件下的胶质传递。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00003-6

Eunji Cheong, C Justin Lee

{"title":"Gliotransmission in physiologic and pathologic conditions.","authors":"Eunji Cheong, C Justin Lee","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00003-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00003-6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the roles of gliotransmission in physiologic and pathologic conditions, including psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Gliotransmission, facilitated by astrocytes through the release of gliotransmitters such as glutamate, d-serine, and GABA, regulates neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. Under physiologic conditions, astrocytic gliotransmission maintains the balance of tonic excitation and inhibition, influencing synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. In psychiatric disorders, the chapter examines how dysregulated gliotransmission contributes to major depression and schizophrenia. In major depression, changes in astrocytic glutamate and adenosine signaling impact mood regulation and cognitive functions. Schizophrenia involves complex astrocyte-neuron interactions, with dysregulated astrocytic activity affecting synaptic function and contributing to symptoms. The chapter also delves into neurologic disorders. In Alzheimer disease, aberrant GABA release from reactive astrocytes impairs memory and cognitive functions. Parkinson disease features alterations in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems, affecting motor and nonmotor symptoms. Epilepsy involves a disruption in the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, with astrocytic GABA accumulation helping to maintain neuronal stability. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to imbalances in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, underlying sensory, cognitive, and social impairments. Overall, the chapter underscores the pivotal role of gliotransmission in maintaining neural homeostasis and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in various disorders.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"209 ","pages":"93-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Curing Coma Campaign: A platform for advancing science and clinical care worldwide. 治疗昏迷运动：促进全球科学和临床护理的平台。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00005-1

Stefanie Blain-Moraes, Aarti Sarwal, J Claude Hemphill

{"title":"The Curing Coma Campaign: A platform for advancing science and clinical care worldwide.","authors":"Stefanie Blain-Moraes, Aarti Sarwal, J Claude Hemphill","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00005-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13408-1.00005-1","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery from coma or impaired consciousness is often the central issue in acute neurologic conditions such as traumatic brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, stroke, and central nervous system infections. Recent advances in the science underpinning acute disorders of consciousness (DoC) have also served to highlight further scientific gaps and the lack of a coordinated approach to improving care for these patients. The Curing Coma Campaign (CCC) was initiated by the Neurocritical Care Society in 2019 as a platform to bring together the scientific, clinical, and public communities to cohesively address this issue. Comprised of various modules and working groups focused on aspects including fundamental science, prospective clinical studies, ethics, care of the coma patient, and engagement and community, initial efforts of the CCC have ranged from developing strategies for biomarker development to creating World Coma Day as an opportunity for widespread interaction. To achieve the goal of relevance across different geographic and resourced environments, the CCC implemented specific considerations to ensure equity and generalizability. These include international representation of patients in research studies, attention to assessments and interventions that can be implemented in resource-limited settings, and recognition of the impact of culture on the care of DoC patients.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"207 ","pages":"265-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural changes to the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the continuum of Alzheimer disease. 阿尔茨海默病连续体中基底前脑胆碱能系统的结构变化。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00013-5

Miriam Taza, Taylor W Schmitz, R Nathan Spreng

引用次数: 0

Cholinergic therapy in Alzheimer disease. 胆碱能治疗阿尔茨海默病。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00015-9

Serge Gauthier, Joseph Therriault, Pedro Rosa-Neto

引用次数: 0

Hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition in health and dysfunction. 健康和功能障碍中面部识别的半球不对称。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00010-5

Marlene Behrmann

{"title":"Hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition in health and dysfunction.","authors":"Marlene Behrmann","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00010-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00010-5","url":null,"abstract":"A defining characteristic of the human brain is that, notwithstanding the clear anatomic similarities, the two cerebral hemispheres have several different functional superiorities. The focus of this chapter is on the hemispheric asymmetry associated with the function of face identity processing, a finely tuned and expert behavior for almost all humans that is acquired incidentally from birth and continues to be refined through early adulthood. The first section lays out the well-accepted doctrine that face perception is a product of the right hemisphere, a finding based on longstanding behavioral data from healthy adult human observers. Data are then presented from neuropsychologic studies conducted with individuals with prosopagnosia, which is either acquired after a lesion to the right hemisphere or is developmental in nature with no obvious lesion. The second section reviews data on the neural correlates of face perception, gathered using a host of imaging methodologies all the way from electroencephalography (EEG) through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies to transcranial magnetic stimulation and intracranial depth recording. The penultimate section reviews empirical findings that track the emergence of the hemispheric asymmetry for faces, and offers a theoretical proposal that lays out possible origins of the adult asymmetry profile. Lastly, the hemispheric asymmetry associated with the perception of emotional face expression is considered. While considerable progress has been made in understanding the functional organization of the human cerebral cortex and its biases and asymmetries, much remains to be determined and the many inconsistencies remain to be reconciled in future research.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"208 ","pages":"433-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronobiologic treatments for mood disorders. 情绪障碍的时间生物学治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90918-1.00011-3

Sara Dallaspezia, Francesco Benedetti

引用次数: 0

Hemispheric asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases. 神经退行性疾病的半球不对称。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00009-9

Stefano F Cappa

{"title":"Hemispheric asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Stefano F Cappa","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-15646-5.00009-9","url":null,"abstract":"Hemispheric asymmetry in pathologic involvement is frequently observed in neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) and is responsible for differences in cognitive and motor clinical manifestations in individual patients. While asymmetry is modest in typical Alzheimer disease (AD), atypical AD presentations with prominent language impairment [logopenic/phonologic variant of primary progressive aphasia (L/Phv-PPA)] are associated with prevalent involvement of the language-dominant hemisphere. Similarly, in the frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS) spectrum, the semantic (Sv) and nonfluent/agrammatic (Nf/Av) variants of PPA are due to asymmetric pathology involving the language-dominant hemisphere. A reversed (typically right-sided) pattern of asymmetry is often found in conditions associated with prominent disorders of behavior and social cognition (i.e., behavioral variant of frontotemporal degeneration-Bv FTD). Asymmetry is generally modest and less consistent in NDD with prevalent motor manifestations, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Overall, the pattern of hemispheric involvement reflects the network-specific selectivity of NDD and is compatible with the spreading of pathology along connection pathways.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"208 ","pages":"101-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0