Structural changes to the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the continuum of Alzheimer disease.

Q2 Medicine

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/B978-0-443-19088-9.00013-5

Miriam Taza, Taylor W Schmitz, R Nathan Spreng

引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this chapter, we review evidence, derived predominantly from in vivo human MRI studies, that the basal forebrain (BF) and its projection system undergo structural changes across the continuum of Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. We examine how these changes are detectable from the earliest presymptomatic stages and continue into the prodromal and clinical phases of AD. The chapter begins with a brief overview of BF neuroanatomy before characterizing how changes to the BF and ascending cholinergic white matter projections parallel AD progression. In subsequent sections, we describe how these structural changes are exacerbated in the presence of amyloid and tau pathology, as well as in individuals at elevated genetic risk for AD. We conclude with a review of recent findings implicating the BF as a potential origin site for AD neuropathology and discuss the transsynaptic spread hypothesis of AD progression, from the BF to cortical projection targets.

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阿尔茨海默病连续体中基底前脑胆碱能系统的结构变化。

在本章中，我们回顾了主要来自人体MRI研究的证据，这些证据表明，基底前脑（BF）及其投射系统在阿尔茨海默病（AD）进展的连续过程中发生结构变化。我们研究了这些变化是如何从最早的症状前阶段检测到的，并持续到阿尔茨海默病的前驱和临床阶段。本章首先简要概述BF神经解剖学，然后描述BF变化和上升的胆碱能白质投影如何与AD进展平行。在随后的章节中，我们描述了这些结构变化是如何在淀粉样蛋白和tau病理的存在下加剧的，以及在AD遗传风险升高的个体中。最后，我们回顾了最近的研究结果，这些发现暗示BF是AD神经病理学的潜在起源部位，并讨论了AD进展的跨突触扩散假说，从BF到皮层投射目标。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Handbook of clinical neurology Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

302

期刊介绍： The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.