Neuroglia in autism spectrum disorders.

Q2 Medicine

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00006-5

Vivi M Heine, Stephanie Dooves

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior, typically diagnosed during early childhood and attributed to altered neuronal network connectivity. Several genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to ASD, including pre- or early life immune activation, which can trigger microglial and astroglial reactivity, impacting early neurodevelopment. In ASD, astrocytes show altered glutamate metabolism, directly influencing neuronal network activity, while microglia display impaired synaptic pruning, an essential developmental process for the refinement of neuronal connections. Additionally, reduced myelination in specific cortical and subcortical regions may affect brain connectivity in ASD, with white matter integrity correlating with the severity of the disorder, suggesting an important role for oligodendrocytes and myelin in ASD. This chapter provides an overview of current literature on the role of neuroglia cells in ASD, with a focus on immune activation, glutamate signaling, synaptic pruning, and myelination.

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自闭症谱系障碍中的神经胶质细胞。

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的特征是社交互动、沟通和重复行为困难，通常在儿童早期被诊断出来，并归因于神经网络连接的改变。一些遗传和环境风险因素会导致ASD，包括生命前或早期的免疫激活，这可以触发小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的反应性，影响早期神经发育。在ASD中，星形胶质细胞显示谷氨酸代谢改变，直接影响神经元网络活动，而小胶质细胞显示突触修剪受损，这是神经元连接完善的重要发育过程。此外，特定皮层和皮层下区域髓鞘形成减少可能影响ASD患者的大脑连通性，白质完整性与疾病严重程度相关，提示少突胶质细胞和髓鞘在ASD中发挥重要作用。本章概述了目前关于神经胶质细胞在ASD中的作用的文献，重点是免疫激活、谷氨酸信号、突触修剪和髓鞘形成。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Handbook of clinical neurology Medicine-Neurology (clinical)

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

302

期刊介绍： The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.