Handbook of clinical neurology最新文献_第10页

History of cellular grafting for central nervous system repair-A clinical perspective. 细胞移植修复中枢神经系统的历史--临床视角。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90120-8.00011-3

Olle Lindvall

{"title":"History of cellular grafting for central nervous system repair-A clinical perspective.","authors":"Olle Lindvall","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90120-8.00011-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90120-8.00011-3","url":null,"abstract":"As late as in the 1970s, the evidence supporting that brain function might be restored by replacing dead cells by transplantation of new healthy cells was scarce in experimental animals and lacking in humans. Repairing the human brain was regarded as completely unrealistic by clinicians. Fifty years later, the situation is very different, and cellular grafting has reached patient application in several conditions affecting the CNS. The clinical studies performed so far have shown that cellular grafts can survive, grow, and function also in the diseased adult human brain. However, no proven treatment based on cell transplantation is currently available for any brain disorder. Here, the history of cellular grafting is described from a clinical perspective, including some of the preclinical work that has formed the basis for its translation to patient application. The focus is on cell transplantation for Parkinson disease, which in many ways is paving the way for this field of research. The chapter gives an account of the scientific milestones, the ups and downs, as well as the positive and negative reactions from the scientific and clinical community, and how this research field despite many obstacles has continued to move forward over more than four decades.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"205 ","pages":"15-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult inflammatory leukoencephalopathies. 成人炎性白质脑病。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99209-1.00003-X

Thomas Williams, Nevin John, Anisha Doshi, Jeremy Chataway

引用次数: 0

Epidemiology of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. 副肿瘤性神经综合征的流行病学。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00011-6

Robert Kadish, Stacey L Clardy

{"title":"Epidemiology of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.","authors":"Robert Kadish, Stacey L Clardy","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00011-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-12-823912-4.00011-6","url":null,"abstract":"Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS), initially depicted as seemingly cryptic remote manifestations of malignancy, were first described clinically in the early 20th century, with pathophysiologic correlates becoming better elucidated in the latter half of the century. There remain many questions not only about the pathophysiology but also regarding the epidemiology of these conditions. The continuous discovery of novel autoantigens and related neurologic disease has broadened the association in classical PNS to include conditions such as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. It has also brought into focus several other neurologic syndromes with a putative neoplastic association. These conditions are overall rare, making it difficult to capture large numbers of patients to study, and raising the question of whether incidence is increasing over time or improved identification is driving the increased numbers of cases. With the rise and increasing use of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, the incidence of these conditions is additionally expected to rise and may present with various clinical symptoms. As we enter an era of clinical trial intervention in these conditions, much work is needed to capture more granular data on population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, and gender to optimize care and clinical trial planning.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"200 ","pages":"57-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140143252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants). CGRP 受体拮抗剂（gepants）。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00033-1

Samaira Younis, Nina V Latysheva, Alexey B Danilov, Messoud Ashina

引用次数: 0

Interventional treatments. 介入治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00002-1

Narayan R Kissoon, Jason C Ray, Elspeth Hutton

引用次数: 0

Migraine with brainstem aura. 偏头痛伴有脑干先兆。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00019-7

Robert Kaniecki

{"title":"Migraine with brainstem aura.","authors":"Robert Kaniecki","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00019-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00019-7","url":null,"abstract":"Migraine with brainstem aura has been long described but remains poorly understood. Previously known as \"basilar\" or \"basilar artery\" migraine, it is an uncommon subtype of migraine with aura, one seen primarily in children, adolescents, and younger adults. The condition is characterized by migraine headache accompanied by several neurological symptoms conventionally assigned to dysfunction of brainstem structures. Initially felt to be vascular in origin, partly due to prevailing concepts of migraine pathophysiology at the time, most now believe the aura symptoms of migraine with brainstem aura are secondary to neural circuitry dysfunction. The differential diagnosis is reasonably broad, and most patients warrant investigation to exclude conditions bearing high degrees of morbidity and mortality. Neuroimaging, specifically brain MRI without contrast, is recommended for migraine with brainstem aura. Depending on the clinical presentation certain cases may require consideration of contrasted or vascular imaging, EEG, or lumbar puncture with cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Migraine prophylaxis should involve lifestyle adjustments and preventive medical therapies shown to be effective in clinical trials of migraine, following evidence-based guidelines. The acute pharmacological management of attacks of migraine with brainstem aura remains a matter of controversy. The prognosis is generally favorable. Future refinements in the diagnostic criteria might possibly enhance diagnostic specificity and improved clinical research.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"199 ","pages":"367-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modification of T- and B-cell-associated immuno-pathologic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis by disease modifying therapies: Achievements and opportunities. 通过疾病调整疗法改变多发性硬化症中与 T 细胞和 B 细胞相关的免疫病理机制：成就与机遇。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00016-X

Joost Smolders, Jörg Hamann, Inge Huitinga

{"title":"Modification of T- and B-cell-associated immuno-pathologic mechanisms in multiple sclerosis by disease modifying therapies: Achievements and opportunities.","authors":"Joost Smolders, Jörg Hamann, Inge Huitinga","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00016-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00016-X","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which can clinically manifest as attacks of neurologic disability and new lesion formation, and a progression of sustained neurologic disability over time. In MS, activated B and T cells are recruited from outside the CNS, and contribute to inflammation, demyelination, and tissue damage inside the brain parenchyma. In the last decades, the treatment of MS has improved by the introduction of several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). These drugs target generic mechanisms of lymphocyte activation and recruitment or deplete lymphocyte fractions from the circulation. This contributes to a suppression of relapses and new MS lesion formation on MRI. However, the impact on disability progression without relapses is much more variable. In addition, risk mitigation strategies are warranted to control for unwanted side effects of the attenuated immune competence induced by DMTs. In this chapter, we argue that an understanding of the impact of these DMTs on B and T cells both outside and inside the CNS can help to understand the benefits of these therapies but can also help to identify the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for future MS therapies.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"202 ","pages":"7-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The hematopoietic niche and the autoreactive memory in autoimmune disorders. 自身免疫性疾病中的造血龛和自反应记忆。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90242-7.00006-7

Matteo Doglio, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Bonini, Raffaella Greco

引用次数: 0

Stem and progenitor cell-based therapy of myelin disorders. 基于干细胞和祖细胞的髓鞘疾病疗法。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90120-8.00015-0

Steven A Goldman, Robin J M Franklin, Joana Osorio

引用次数: 0

Foreword. 前言

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90120-8.09998-6

Michael J Aminoff, François Boller, Dick F Swaab

引用次数: 0