Handbook of clinical neurology最新文献_第10页

Foreword. 前言。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-22212-2.00030-6

Michael J Aminoff, François Boller, Dick F Swaab

引用次数: 0

Sleep in tic disorders and Tourette syndrome. 抽动障碍和抽动秽语综合征的睡眠。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13554-5.00006-7

Gloria P Mingolla, Ilaria A Di Vico, Elena Antelmi

引用次数: 0

Premonitory urges and other sensory phenomena in primary tic disorders. 原发性抽动障碍的先兆冲动和其他感觉现象。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13554-5.00018-3

Juan Francisco Martin-Rodriguez, Daniel Macias-Garcia, Pablo Mir

{"title":"Premonitory urges and other sensory phenomena in primary tic disorders.","authors":"Juan Francisco Martin-Rodriguez, Daniel Macias-Garcia, Pablo Mir","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13554-5.00018-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-13554-5.00018-3","url":null,"abstract":"Premonitory sensations, or urges, have become a central focus in the study of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS). These bodily sensations, which precede tics, play a crucial role in the clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Tics are often performed to alleviate the discomfort caused by premonitory urges and provide temporary relief. Despite their importance, the causes and mechanisms of premonitory urges remain poorly understood. The severity of tics and an individual's ability to control them are closely related to the intensity and presence of these urges. Current research is actively investigating the neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic basis of premonitory urges, focusing on specific brain regions, neural pathways, and neurotransmitter systems. Understanding premonitory urges is essential for characterizing the clinical phenotype of TS and other neurodevelopmental tic disorders and for developing targeted therapies. By investigating the relationship between premonitory urges, tics, and associated clinical features - such as obsessions, compulsions, and anxiety - researchers aim to improve prognostic tools and refine treatment strategies. Ongoing investigations into these mechanisms hold great promise for improving the care and support of people with TS and, ultimately, their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"215 ","pages":"239-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional diversity and clinical evaluation of retinal ganglion cells. 视网膜神经节细胞功能多样性及临床评价。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-22193-4.00004-4

Chase B Hellmer, Bart G Borghuis, Maureen A McCall

{"title":"Functional diversity and clinical evaluation of retinal ganglion cells.","authors":"Chase B Hellmer, Bart G Borghuis, Maureen A McCall","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-22193-4.00004-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-443-22193-4.00004-4","url":null,"abstract":"Visual perception requires continuous, reliable communication from the eye to the brain. This is made possible by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), whose axons comprise the optic nerve. Within the mammalian retina, ∼100 million photoreceptors capture photons of light reflected from the environment. Rather than acting as a \"pixel detector\" for reflected light, the retina performs significant neuronal computations across diverse circuits that selectively filter and encode information about distinct features of the visual scene. This visual feature detection culminates in approximately 1-1.5 million RGCs comprising ∼20 different types in primates. RGCs compute and transmit information about visual features to a variety of subcortical structures, where visual information is further processed and relayed to visual cortex. This review explores the basic physiology and anatomy of the retinal circuitry that underlies RGC processing in mammals, describing how vision scientists classify RGCs into distinct cell types, and summarizing the current understanding of feature detection by diverse RGC populations. We also review how electrophysiologic methods and/or imaging technologies are used for clinical evaluation of RGCs. Taken together, the information summarized in this review provides a detailed account of the known diversity of RGCs in the mammalian retina and their specific contributions to visual perception.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"217 ","pages":"147-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perimetry and visual psychophysics. 视野测量和视觉心理物理学。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-22212-2.00013-6

Michael Wall, Edward Linton

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapies on Guillain-Barré syndrome and other acute autoimmune neuropathies. 格林-巴勒综合征和其他急性自身免疫性神经病变的免疫治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00007-9

Linda W G Luijten, Bart C Jacobs

{"title":"Immunotherapies on Guillain-Barré syndrome and other acute autoimmune neuropathies.","authors":"Linda W G Luijten, Bart C Jacobs","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00007-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00007-9","url":null,"abstract":"Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and other acute autoimmune neuropathies are rare but severe immune-mediated diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Early diagnosis is important for adequate monitoring and treatment, but it can be complicated by the rarity, heterogeneity in clinical presentation, and extensive differential diagnosis. The current proven effective treatments for GBS are intravenous immunoglobulins administered within 2 weeks and plasma exchange within 4 weeks from the onset of weakness. These therapies are immunomodulatory and aim to prevent further damage of peripheral nerves during the acute stage of the disease. Here we provide an overview of the early presentation of GBS and the required diagnostic workup to discriminate GBS from other causes, including other acute forms of autoimmune polyneuropathies. In addition, the current evidence-based immunotherapies for GBS are discussed along with the presumed pathophysiologic mechanisms of action and practical recommendations for the treatment in clinical practice. Despite current treatment, a substantial proportion of patients with GBS have a poor clinical course and outcome. We will present the latest developments regarding potential new treatments that are currently being evaluated and discuss various opportunities to optimize the design of future treatment trials toward a more effective and personalized treatment of GBS.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"214 ","pages":"329-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145959301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapies in autoimmune movement disorders and cerebellar ataxia. 自身免疫运动障碍和小脑共济失调的免疫治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00017-1

Benjamin Vlad, Bettina Balint

引用次数: 0

Linking early adversity epigenetics and neuropsychiatric disorders: Interaction between environment epigenetics and inherited susceptibility variants. 连接早期逆境表观遗传学和神经精神疾病：环境表观遗传学和遗传易感性变异之间的相互作用。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-19043-8.00004-9

Maegan Harvison, Patricia Pelufo Silveira

{"title":"Linking early adversity epigenetics and neuropsychiatric disorders: Interaction between environment epigenetics and inherited susceptibility variants.","authors":"Maegan Harvison, Patricia Pelufo Silveira","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19043-8.00004-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19043-8.00004-9","url":null,"abstract":"Early life adversity refers to adverse exposures (e.g., malnutrition, violence, psychologic stress) in early life and development that may induce long-lasting adaptations to these adverse environments. However, in situations where the environment no longer matches the one that induced these adaptations, this mismatch could lead to poor outcomes later in life. Early life adversity has been linked to neuropsychiatric outcomes in later life, such as mental health disorders, self-harming behaviors, suicidality, and substance dependence. This chapter examines the timing and types of the most common adversities, their cumulative effects, and the responsive mechanisms, including gene-environment interactions and epigenetic processes. Mechanisms involved in the link between early life adversity and later neuropsychiatric disorders are also explored, such as neuroendocrine networks and immune pathways. Characterizing resilience and susceptibility in the context of adversity can inform the identification of protective factors to combat this susceptibility, such as health and lifestyle changes during pregnancy and supportive family environments.","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"219 ","pages":"287-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149193052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunotherapies in chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. 慢性免疫介导神经病的免疫治疗。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-323-90887-0.00019-5

Chiara Briani, Andrea Visentin

引用次数: 0

Noninvasive brain stimulation for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. 无创脑刺激治疗吉尔斯·德拉·图雷特综合症。

Handbook of clinical neurology Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-443-13554-5.00012-2

Mairi S Houlgreave, Katherine Dyke, Stephen R Jackson

引用次数: 0