History: facts and symbols最新文献

{"title":"The specificity of interaction of the vyatich ethno-political association with its nomad neighbors in the IX-XI centuries","authors":"A. Mayorov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-82-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-82-91","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Relevance and dating: one of the widely known stereotypes of the interaction between the Forest and the Steppe, considered as economic and social structures, is their innate rivalry and struggle.Materials and methods. An analysis of the data available to historical science suggests that following the stereotypes described above, when considering specific events and consequences of the interaction between the Vyatichi ethno-potestar association and its nomadic neighbors (near and distant) in the 9th-11th centuries, leads to obviously erroneous conclusions.Results. Source base: the sources here are, first of all, the results of archaeological research, which indicate numerous and clear signs of cultural, economic, administrative-military interaction. Applied methods: comparative-historical, diachronic-analytical using an interdisciplinary approach. In medieval Slavic history, one can find examples of different types of interaction between Slavic societies and their steppe neighbors: permanent struggle, principled war, neutral coexistence, as well as cooperation and interaction. One of the specific examples of this kind of interaction is the history of the emergence and development of the Upper Oka Vyatichi ethno-political association, which refutes most of the stereotypes stated above.Conclusion. The period considered in this report indicates, rather, the likely symbiotic reciprocity of the interaction of the Vyatichi community with representatives of the nomadic culture, which over time was destroyed by the military and political activity of the Kievan Rurikovich. The first centuries of the existence of this community demonstrate the enviable productivity and effectiveness of the interaction of the Vyatichi with their nomadic neighbors in various aspects of interaction, ranging from economic, political and cultural enrichment to possible cooperation in the field of animal husbandry.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133543711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of the views of Valentin Sedov on the origin and early history of the Ants","authors":"V. Kraynev","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-73-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-73-81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The objectives of this work were to highlight the evolutionary stages of the formation of the research views of Valentin Vasilyevich Sedov, a well-known scientist, historian and archaeologist who devoted himself to the study of the origin and formation of the ants.Materials and methods. The relevance of the appeal to the topic is due to the special place occupied among the world civilizations, culture and traditions of the West and East.Results. An interesting interweaving of the destinies of ethnic groups in the future that served as the basis for the formation of Russian civilization is presented in the works of V. V.Sedov. Argumentation of the results of his research activity allows him to trace not only the change of historical stages of its development, but also the transformation of scientific views on the process under study by the author himself. According to the data reflected in the scientist's recent works, rewritten and concretized several times, the traditions and culture of the nomadic peoples of Asia had a huge impact on the unique historical fate and development of the culture of the Russian people. Very complex interactions between ethnic groups have affected the versatility and interdisciplinarity of approaches to the study of the origin of the ancient Slavs. Historians, archaeologists, ethnographers, etc. have been studying this issue.Conclusion. The greatest discussions are caused by the definition of the ancestral homeland of the Slavs, the Slavic community, archaeological cultural ties with Slavic tribes.V. V. Sedov made a significant contribution to the study of the beginning of Russia. Issues related to the history of ethnic culture, the archaeology of the Slavs occupied a central place in the scientific work of V. V. Sedov. In this article we will consider the evolution of V. Sedov's views on the origin and early history of the Ants, known in the sources as the union of Slavic tribes.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131422274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"...You wanted to take me instead of your wife and his own legal wife...\": to the question of extramarital relations of the parish Orthodox clergy of the Orenburg diocese of the second half of the XIX-early - XX centuries","authors":"A. Fot","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-37-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-37-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article raises the issue of extramarital affairs of the parish Orthodox clergy of the Orenburg diocese of the post-reform period. This problem has practically not been considered in Russian historiography. Materials and methods. The ministers of the church throughout their lives had to teach lessons of high morality, demonstrate a pattern of righteous behavior and contribute to the spiritual improvement of the laity. Therefore, even psalmists were not allowed to engage in extramarital affairs. Results. However, young people who were not bound by marriage and sacred vows were easily tempted to enter into an affair with a widow or a domestic servant. Clerics did not have the opportunity to re-legitimize their relationship with a woman. As a result, young widowed priests often acquired mistresses. the clerics' addiction to alcohol contributed to entering into an illegal relationship. And also the troubles in family life. According to the \"Statute of Spiritual Consistories\", clerics were supposed to be defrocked and excluded from the ranks of the clergy for adultery. Conclusion. However, an analysis of materials from the funds of the United State Archive of the Orenburg region shows that such a trial attracted universal attention and contributed to discrediting the reputation of the clergy as a whole. In order to avoid a scandal, the diocesan authorities resorted to such a harsh measure only in the case of a direct confession of the accused. It is noted that both single psalmists and married clerics entered into extramarital affairs. Widowed clerics were tempted to acquire a mistress, since a second marriage was forbidden. As a result, the article concludes that extramarital affairs of the clergy of the Orenburg diocese were not a rare occurrence, although they were condemned by society and the church itself. ","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Daily notes of Yegor Andreevich Kovrigin\": analysis of a historical source","authors":"E. Poliskova","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-17-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-17-26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Diary manuscripts in historical scholarship are a curious material, which in most cases is a unique testimony of the era. Numerous such sources have been discovered and published on the Russian history of the 19th century. It was mainly the nobility and intellectuals who had the opportunity to keep diaries. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries they were joined by merchants. Materials and methods.The rarest phenomenon remains the diaries of city dwellers, in particular those of peasant origin. In 2009, Tambov historians prof. Kanischev and Lyamin published a unique material: the diary of E. A. Kovrigin, a Tambovite. Results. This source contains interesting information on the life of a man who belonged to the trade-industrial strata of the provincial town - the so-called \"silent estate\". The article presents an analysis of the diary in its historical context, in particular the notes concerning the author's participation in the State Mobile Militia. The part of the diary devoted to the author's participation in the Tambov militia is of particular interest because it allows us to compare the official data available to us - such as the route of the squads - with the real state of affairs. Conclusion. The study and analysis of the diary of Kovrigin not only showed us a portrait of a particular man and the details of his personal life, but also revealed important details of significant events in Russian history, the realities of everyday life of a 19th century man, and also showed by example how the mentality of a provincial man was transformed in the transition from a traditional to an industrial society.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131544550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family drama of the priestly wife Lyudmila Kapitonova (based on the materials of the state archive of the Republic of Tatarstan)","authors":"A. Hohlov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-50-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-50-62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article uses a concrete historical example through an anthropological approach to make one of the first attempts in Russian historiography to highlight the problem of the place, role and position of women within the family and intra-church relations of the early XX century. Materials and methods. The analysis of archival material demonstrates a complex system of communication and deep psychological and cultural contradictions in the environment of the provincial parish clergy of the period under review. A woman was assigned a subordinate role in it, while her violation of the traditional order turned into adverseconsequences. Results. The increase in the level of education of women and, as a result, the strengthening of their intellectual, legal and cultural emancipation in the post-reform period, ran into patriarchal attitudes of the church environment. The clash of tradition and innovation resulted in acute interpersonal and intragroup conflicts, during which the parties often annihilated basic ethical rules. It is noteworthy that, acting as an arbiter in the clashes of subordinates, the hierarchy sought to counteract the penetration of cultural and psychological innovations into the Orthodox community. It happened that such protectionism went against the canons and legislation of the church, turning into a violation of the key principles of justice. Nevertheless, thanks to this orientation and practical approaches, the church sought to achieve mental homogeneity of the clergy and internal stability of the system in conditions of external social turbulence. Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that the church society was a closed system with a very peculiar matrix of norms and rules, hanging in a stable disequilibrium between traditionalism and post-reform modernism. The church, which was based on a patriarchal way of life, was not ready for the correction of gender roles in the conditions of innovative changes, even where this did not pose a direct threat to its cultural tradition. ","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126860500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Panikovets village of Yelets district: socio-demographic development of the local territory in the 17th century","authors":"D. Lyapin, N. Logunova","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-8-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-8-16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article is devoted to the history of the local territory of the village of Panikovets, Yelets district in the 17th century. The authors analyze the demographic processes and economic development of this region. The article is written from the standpoint of a microhistorical approach. Materials and methods. The specificity of the development of the local society in the regional context of the colonization ofthe Upper Don has been studied in detail. Several observations have been made about the features of the development of the marginal lands of the South of Russia. The main sources of the study were mass historical documents related to the history of the development of local service land ownership: scribe and census books of 1615, 1628/30, 1646, 1678 and 1691, as well as materials of military reviews of landowners in 1604, 1622 and 1648. Results.The authors conclude that the demographic development of the village wasnot stable, and the plowing of land also slightly increased. It is concluded that before the beginning of the XVIII century. full economic development of the territory did not occur. The main task for the locals was to stay on the new lands in the face of constant hostilities. Only the new century became the time of fullfledged economic development of the village and the territory as a whole. Despite the fact that the village of Panikovets was located in a relatively good place, the economic and demographic development of its local territory was insignificant. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the village of Panikovets was located in a relatively convenient place, the economic and demographic development of its territory did not achieve great success. It has been established that for 100 years the composition of the villagers has changed by 90%. New settlers often had to start economic activities from the beginning. These circumstances significantly delayed the colonization of the region. The authors believe that there were many examples of such development of individual lorcal territories. They testify to the difficulties of the region's development. ","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shakherazada from Bellevue or french boudoir \"a la turk\" of the XVIII century","authors":"B. Shapiro","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-63-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-63-72","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The boudoir as a concept of a peculiar female room originated at the beginning of the 18th century, when the Turkish was just beginning to enter European fashion. Among the factors that influenced this fashion, more than anything else is the publication of the first French translation of the fairy tales «One Thousand and One Nights» (1704-1717). France was a trendsetter in those years, and the development of fashion greatly helped by letters from travelers. Materials and methods. The intensification of FrancoTurkish diplomatic relations also contributed: after the arrival in Paris of the Ottoman Embassy of the Sultan Ahmed III (1720-1721) Turkish at the peak of popularity in various fields: in music and in the stagearts, in literature and painting. One of the manifestations of the «à la Turk» fashion was the «Turkish» decoration of boudoirs that came into fashion in the early reign of Louis XV, together with the fashion for a private rather than ceremonial lifestyle. Results. This problem, which has not previously come to the attention of domestic Turquerie researchers, addressed through a study of the earliest known boudoirs «a la Turk» by Louis XV's favorite, the Marquise de Pompadour, at Bellevue (1748-1750). Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that it was the Turkish boudoir that was the heart of Bellevue. Here, the marquise, like the fabulous Scheherazade, entertained the king and his friends, \"terribly suffering from unbearable boredom.\" Such boudoirs in the conventional Turkish style will become more common in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, when many European aristocrats will have the opportunity to try on the role of an oriental beauty. The boudoir of the Marquise de Pompadour, whose well-known strength was the ability to surprise, each time finding something new in the ordinary, became one of the first, opening a series of relatively oriental specific female interiors.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121343809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliophilism of the Nobility as an Element of the Cultural Environment of the Central Chernozem Region in the First Half of the 19th Century","authors":"A. Topilsky, R. Zhitin","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-25-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-35-2-25-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines the issue of the development of book collecting as a special feature that is formed in the provincial Russian reader in the first half of the XIX century. An important part of the formation of reading culture in the provincial environment was the gradual transition from traditional values to new behavioral and spiritual practices. Materials and methods. An important part of the formation of the reading culture in the provincial environment was the gradual transition from traditional values to new behavioral and spiritual practices. Historical experience shows that in Russia, as in European countries, reading is an attribute of the life of modernized groups of the population. The dominant social structures in established societies, based on ingrained patterns of behavior, were closely associated with oral communication. And only in modernized communities does the need for the printed word appear as a universal source of information transmission. Results. Drawn into the processes of social and economic modernization ofRussia in the XVIII century, the nobility intensively assimilated European culture, including its information transmitter – the works of foreign writers. As a result, by the end of the century, reading becomes an important component of the lifestyle of the upper class. At the same time, the development of foreign literature contributed to the transfer of Western socio-economic and cultural ideas to the Russian soil, catalyzed theprocess of intellectual \"Europeanization\" of the upper class. Conclusion. The prevalence of Frenchlanguage literature during this period was characteristic of the majority of the nobility and testified to the active involvement of the upper class in the process of \"gallomania\". The high level of education of the owners allowed them to have rich collections of literature in foreign languages, expanding the horizons of bibliophiles. The main role here was played by the works of French enlighteners, who formed the freethinking views of landowners, educating the ideas of freedom and equality.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123718113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATIVITY L. N. TOLSTOY IN THE EVALUATIONS OF M. O. MENSHIKOV OF THE EARLY PERIOD (FRAGMENTS OF THE DIARY)","authors":"A. Orlov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-34-1-140-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-34-1-140-150","url":null,"abstract":"The article publishes fragments of the diaries of the famous publicist, one of the ideologists of Russian state nationalism at the turn of the XIX-early XX centuries, M. O. Menshikov, devoted to the analysis of the work of L. N. Tolstoy. The surviving recordings contain reflections of the publicist on the works of Leo Tolstoy: \"On the limits of happiness\", \"The Kingdom of God is within us\", as well as a draft letter to the writer. The published fragments are a valuable historical source that reveals the relationship between M. O. Menshikov, during his work in the newspaper \"Week\" and L. N. Tolstoy. During this period, correspondence is established between them with responses to each other's work. Since 1901, after the closing of the \"Week\" Menshikov became an employee of A. S. Suvorin's newspaper \"Novoye Vremya\". Traditionally, it is believed that this was a turning point for Menshikov's views. And regarding the assessments of Leo Tolstoy and his work, Menshikov, the Modernist, really changed his position to the diametrically opposite. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of historical cognition: the principle of historicism, objectivity and consistency. In the process of preparing the publication, content analysis and ideographic methods were used.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABVER-3: METHODS OF COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE USSR (June 1941 - February 1942)","authors":"A. Orishev, V. V. Ryapolov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2023-34-1-130-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2023-34-1-130-139","url":null,"abstract":"The key to the successful operation of any army is the well-organized work of its units responsible for counterintelligence. In the Wehrmacht, this function was assigned to abwehr-3 – one of the departments of abwehr (German military intelligence and counterintelligence). The source base is based on captured German documents, a set of which was found in the funds of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time documents are introduced into scientific circulation that were previously inaccessible to the scientific community and the public. The article analyzes the methods used by the Abwehr-3 in the period from June 1941 to February 1942 in the occupied Soviet territories. The activities of the German counterintelligence to suppress enemy propaganda, the Abwehr method of preserving state secrets, and instructions on the behavior of Wehrmacht soldiers in captivity that were in force during the Second World War are considered. Such an Abwehr-3 method as conspiracy is considered in detail, the main requirements for the storage of secret documents in the Wehrmacht are given. It is shown that officers of the Abwehr-3 performed the role of censors in Nazi Germany. The main scientific result: the authors showed that the work of the German counterintelligence was strictly regulated and placed on a fairly high methodological level. This conclusion emphasizes the fact that on the fields of the secret war, Soviet intelligence was confronted by a serious enemy, which was possible to defeat only with high professionalism and devotion to duty.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116677529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}