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The roles of epidermal growth factor receptor in viral infections 表皮生长因子受体在病毒感染中的作用
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2022-04-19 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2063123
K. M. Lai, Wai-Leng Lee
{"title":"The roles of epidermal growth factor receptor in viral infections","authors":"K. M. Lai, Wai-Leng Lee","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2063123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2063123","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Viruses are intracellular pathogen that exploit host cellular machinery for their propagation. Extensive research on virus-host interaction have shed light on an alternative antiviral strategy that targets host cell factors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a versatile signal transducer that is involved in a range of cellular processes. Numerous studies have revealed how viruses exploit the function of EGFR in different stages of viral life cycle. In general, viruses attach onto the host cell surface and interacts with EGFR to facilitate viral entry, viral replication and spread as well as evasion from host immunosurveillance. Moreover, virus-induced activation of EGFR signalling is associated with mucin expression, tissue damage and carcinogenesis that contribute to serious complications. Herein, we review our current understanding of roles of EGFR in viral infection and its potential as therapeutic target in managing viral infection. We also discuss the available EGFR-targeted therapies and their limitations.","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":"40 1","pages":"46 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43892795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Icariin attenuates renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway Icariin通过抑制Notch2/Hes-1通路减轻体内外肾纤维化
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2060094
Qiaoqin Zhang, Lei Xie, Linqing Jiang, Jiaqing Ni, Wenke Han, Xiu-hua Mi, Ping Wang
{"title":"Icariin attenuates renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway","authors":"Qiaoqin Zhang, Lei Xie, Linqing Jiang, Jiaqing Ni, Wenke Han, Xiu-hua Mi, Ping Wang","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2060094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2060094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chinese herbs were widely proposed as a novel approach for renal fibrosis. Icariin has been reported to be involved in a variety of diseases. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a popular experimental model of renal injury, which is often used in the study of renal fibrosis. A UUO mouse model was successfully constructed, and tubular injury and renal fibrosis were observed. Icariin treatment attenuated tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice. In addition, treatment with Icariin reduced the fibronectin, type I collagen and α-SMA levels in UUO mice. Furthermore, in a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced renal fibrosis cell model, icariin treatment also decreased fibronectin, type I collagen and α-SMA expression. Icariin treatment also reversed the enhanced migration of TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. These data indicated that icariin suppressed renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, icariin treatment suppressed the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway in UUO mice and TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. In summary, this study found that icariin reduced renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the Notch2/Hes-1 pathway, which might help to improve therapies for renal fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":"40 1","pages":"26 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels 游泳健将的系统训练可提高血清胰岛素生长因子-1，降低肌肉生长抑制素和鸢尾素水平
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2022-03-27 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2049262
V. Curiel-Cervantes, J. C. SOLÍS-SAINZ, M. Camacho-Barrón, A. Aguilar-Galarza, M. Valencia, M. Anaya-Loyola
{"title":"Systematic training in master swimmer athletes increases serum insulin growth factor-1 and decreases myostatin and irisin levels","authors":"V. Curiel-Cervantes, J. C. SOLÍS-SAINZ, M. Camacho-Barrón, A. Aguilar-Galarza, M. Valencia, M. Anaya-Loyola","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2049262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2049262","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During ageing, anabolic status is essential to prevent the decrease in quantity and quality of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Exercise modulates endocrine markers of muscle status. We studied the differences of endocrine markers for muscle status in 62 non-sarcopenic Mexican swimmer adults aged 30–70 y/o, allocated into two groups: the systematic training (ST) group including master athletes with a physical activity level (PAL) >1.6, and the non-systematic training group (NST) composed by subjects with a PAL <1.5. Body composition, diet, biochemical and endocrine markers were analyzed. The ST group showed lower myostatin (MSTN) and irisin (IRI) levels, two strong regulators of SMM. The insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in the ST. This is consistent with most of the evidence in young athletes and resistance training programs, where IGF-1 and IRI seem to play a crucial role in maintaining anabolic status in master athletes.","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Quantile-specific heritability of serum growth factor concentrations. 血清生长因子浓度的分位数特异性遗传力。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2049261
Paul T Williams
{"title":"Quantile-specific heritability of serum growth factor concentrations.","authors":"Paul T Williams","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2049261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2049261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Quantile-dependent expressivity\" occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g. growth factor concentration) is high or low relative to its distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantile-regression analysis was applied to family sets from the Framingham Heart Study to determine whether the heritability (<i>h<sup>2</sup></i>) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), angiopoietin-2, and angiopoietin-2 (sTie-2) and VEGFR1 (sFlt-1) receptor concentrations were quantile-specific.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantile-specific <i>h<sup>2</sup></i> (±SE) increased with increasing percentiles of the age- and sex-adjusted VEGF (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub><10<sup>-16</sup>), HGF (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub>=0.0004), angiopoietin-2 (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub>=0.0002), sTie-2 (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub>=1.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup>), and sFlt-1 distributions (<i>P</i><sub>trend</sub>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heritabilities of VEGF, HGF, angiopoitein-2, sTie-2 and sFlt-1 concentrations are quantile dependent. This may explain reported interactions of genetic loci (rs10738760, rs9472159, rs833061, rs3025039, rs2280789, rs1570360, rs2010963) with metabolic syndrome, diet, recurrent miscarriage, hepatocellular carcinoma, erysipelas, diabetic retinopathy, and bevacizumab treatment in their effect on VEGF concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":"39 1-6","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101221/pdf/nihms-1845547.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Role of the BMP6 protein in breast cancer and other types of cancer. BMP6蛋白在乳腺癌和其他类型癌症中的作用。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.1994964
Andrea Marlene García Muro, Azaria García Ruvalcaba, Lourdes Del Carmen Rizo de la Torre, Josefina Yoaly Sánchez López
{"title":"Role of the BMP6 protein in breast cancer and other types of cancer.","authors":"Andrea Marlene García Muro,&nbsp;Azaria García Ruvalcaba,&nbsp;Lourdes Del Carmen Rizo de la Torre,&nbsp;Josefina Yoaly Sánchez López","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2021.1994964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2021.1994964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The BMP6 protein (Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6) is part of the superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) ligands, participates in iron homeostasis, inhibits invasion by increasing adhesions and cell-cell type interactions and induces angiogenesis directly on vascular endothelial cells. BMP6 is coded by a tumor suppressor gene whose subexpression is related to the development and cancer progression; during neoplastic processes, methylation is the main mechanism by which gene silencing occurs. This work presents a review on the role of BMP6 protein in breast cancer (BC) and other types of cancer. The studies carried out to date suggest the participation of the BMP6 protein in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, cell growth and proliferation; however, these processes are affected in a variable way in the different types of cancer, the methylated CpG sites in <i>BMP6</i> gene promoter, as well as the interaction with other proteins could be the cause of such variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39566401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Vasomotor tone-associated factors and pregnancy outcomes of women who undergo in vitro fertilization. 血管舒缩张力相关因素与体外受精妇女妊娠结局的关系。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.2021899
Yonglian Lan, Xiaokui Yang, Yu Liang, Lingling Lei, Ying Li, Shuyu Wang
{"title":"Vasomotor tone-associated factors and pregnancy outcomes of women who undergo <i>in vitro</i> fertilization.","authors":"Yonglian Lan,&nbsp;Xiaokui Yang,&nbsp;Yu Liang,&nbsp;Lingling Lei,&nbsp;Ying Li,&nbsp;Shuyu Wang","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2021.2021899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2021.2021899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vasomotor tone-associated factors play important roles in normal pregnancy, but their roles in the pregnancy outcome of women who undergo <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) remain unclear. A total of 82 infertile women who underwent successful IVF-ET were enrolled, including 18 pregnancy losses, 11 complications, and 53 normal deliveries. The serum NO and iNOS levels were significantly higher in the pregnancy loss group and significantly lower in the complication group than in the normal delivery group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Significantly increased ET-1 and decreased PGI2 were found in both the pregnancy loss and complication groups compared with those in the normal delivery group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). NO, iNOS, and ET-1 are risk factors and PGI2 is a protective factor for pregnancy loss. ET-1 + PGI2 (AUC, 0.897; sensitivity, 90.6%; specificity, 83.3%) showed a relatively good predictive value for pregnancy loss following IVF-ET.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39635181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Regenerative responses of rabbit corneal endothelial cells to stimulation by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) derivatives, TTHX1001 and TTHX1114. 成纤维细胞生长因子1 (FGF1)衍生物TTHX1001和TTHX1114刺激兔角膜内皮细胞的再生反应
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.2012468
Jessica Weant, David D Eveleth, Amuthakannan Subramaniam, Jennifer Jenkins-Eveleth, Michael Blaber, Ling Li, David M Ornitz, Asaf Alimardanov, Trevor Broadt, Hui Dong, Vinay Vyas, Xiaoyi Yang, Ralph A Bradshaw
{"title":"Regenerative responses of rabbit corneal endothelial cells to stimulation by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) derivatives, TTHX1001 and TTHX1114.","authors":"Jessica Weant,&nbsp;David D Eveleth,&nbsp;Amuthakannan Subramaniam,&nbsp;Jennifer Jenkins-Eveleth,&nbsp;Michael Blaber,&nbsp;Ling Li,&nbsp;David M Ornitz,&nbsp;Asaf Alimardanov,&nbsp;Trevor Broadt,&nbsp;Hui Dong,&nbsp;Vinay Vyas,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Yang,&nbsp;Ralph A Bradshaw","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2021.2012468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2021.2012468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Utilising rabbit corneal endothelial cells (CEC) in three different paradigms, two human FGF1 derivatives (TTHX1001 and TTHX1114), engineered to exhibit greater stability, were tested as proliferative agents. Primary CECs and mouse NIH 3T3 cells treated with the two FGF1 derivatives showed equivalent EC<sub>50</sub> ranges (3.3-24 vs.1.9-16. ng/mL) and, in organ culture, chemically lesioned corneas regained half of the lost endothelial layer in three days after treatment with the FGF1 derivatives as compared to controls. <i>In vivo</i>, following cryolesioning, the CEC monolayer, as judged by specular microscopy, regenerated 10-11 days faster when treated with TTHX1001. Over two weeks, all treated eyes showed clearing of opacity about twice that of untreated controls. In all three rabbit models, both FGF1 derivatives were effective in inducing CEC proliferation over control conditions, supporting the prediction that these stabilised FGF1 derivatives can potentially regenerate corneal endothelial deficits in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Myokine-mediated exercise effects: the role of myokine meteorin-like hormone (Metrnl). myokine介导的运动效应:myokine meteorin like hormone (Metrnl)的作用。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2032689
Hamid Alizadeh
{"title":"Myokine-mediated exercise effects: the role of myokine meteorin-like hormone (Metrnl).","authors":"Hamid Alizadeh","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2032689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2032689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meterorin-like hormone (Metrnl), as a novel secreted factor, has been shown to be involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. The behaviour of Metrnl in metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes is conflicting. Metrnl-mediated (treatment with Metrnl) auto/paracrine actions in skeletal muscle are glucose uptake, fat oxidation and muscle regeneration. Exercise-induced Metrnl actions are increased fat oxidation in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, the control of inflammation in adipose tissue (metainflammation), and the regulation of muscle regeneration. Based on the current knowledge, Metrnl as a myokine can establish the muscle-fat crosstalk; however, the ability of Metrnl as a myokine to create other crosstalks remains unclear yet. Additionally, given the considerable anti-inflammatory roles of Metrnl in muscle regeneration, it could be a potential therapeutic candidate for muscle-related inflammatory diseases and ageing skeletal muscle which need to be addressed in the future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39775959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Production of active human FGF21 using tobacco mosaic virus-based transient expression system. 利用烟草花叶病毒瞬时表达系统生产人活性FGF21。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-20 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2022.2038148
Jieying Fan, Yunpeng Wang, Shuang Huang, Shaochen Xing, Zhengyi Wei
{"title":"Production of active human FGF21 using tobacco mosaic virus-based transient expression system.","authors":"Jieying Fan,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang,&nbsp;Shuang Huang,&nbsp;Shaochen Xing,&nbsp;Zhengyi Wei","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2022.2038148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2022.2038148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family has a wide range of metabolic processes. FGF21 exerts critical physiological functions in clinical application. This study aimed to explore a convenient and highly efficient approach for rhFGF21 expression using TMV-TES. Firstly, the vector pTTEV-GFP was constructed, followed by optimisation of the expression parameters in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>. Then, the rhFGF21 encoding gene harbouring vector pTTEV-rhFGF21 was constructed. <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated vacuum infiltration was performed with the optimised parameters and the expression of rhFGF21 was confirmed by the immunoblotting analysis. ELISA revealed that the protein accumulation of rhFGF21 accounts for 0.11% of total soluble proteins. The biological activity was evaluated and the results suggested that tobacco-expressed rhFGF21 could stimulate the glucose uptake in swiss 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was similar to the activity of commercial products, suggesting its native biological activity. Therefore, using TMV-TES to express rhFGF21 will be a feasible approach for the mass production of rhFGF21.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autologous conditioned serum for degenerative diseases and prospects. 自体条件血清用于退行性疾病及其前景。
IF 1.8 4区 生物学
Growth factors Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2021.2012467
Seyed Kazem Shakouri, Sanam Dolati, Jessica Santhakumar, Avnesh S Thakor, Reza Yarani
{"title":"Autologous conditioned serum for degenerative diseases and prospects.","authors":"Seyed Kazem Shakouri,&nbsp;Sanam Dolati,&nbsp;Jessica Santhakumar,&nbsp;Avnesh S Thakor,&nbsp;Reza Yarani","doi":"10.1080/08977194.2021.2012467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08977194.2021.2012467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a blood-derived product that is prepared by the incubation of whole blood with medical-grade glass beads, resulting in serum enrichment in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13), and high concentrations of growth factors. ACS has shown qualitatively and quantitatively better therapeutic effects than most established pharmacological treatments and surgery for joint diseases given its ability to both target the inflammatory cascade to decrease cartilage destruction as well as improve endogenous repair mechanisms. ACS application is simple and safe with limited adverse effects. This article reviews the role of ACS in degenerative joint disease, in addition to other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, given its regenerative and immune-modulating properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":12782,"journal":{"name":"Growth factors","volume":" ","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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