Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Enterocin Ent7420 - a potential postbiotic additive: effect on growth, immune response and gut health in MRSE-infected rabbits.","authors":"Monika Pogány Simonová, Ľubica Chrastinová, Jana Ščerbová, Katarína Tokarčíková, Ľubomíra Grešáková, Rudolf Žitňan, Iveta Plachá, Andrea Lauková","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1660371","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1660371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing occurrence of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci in humans and animals leads to special attention because of their difficult treatment and zoonotic character. Therefore, novel natural antimicrobial compounds directed against antibiotic-resistant bacteria are requested to overcome this problem. Currently, bacteriocins/enterocins (proteinaceous substances with antimicrobial activity produced by several lactic acid bacteria/enterococci) present a new promising strategy, both in prevention and treatment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Enterocin Ent7420 against the MR <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> SEP3/Tr2a (MRSE) strain in a rabbit (food animal) model, testing its influence and protective effect on body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), phagocytic activity (PA), serum glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity, and jejunal morphology (JM). Ninety-six weaned broiler rabbits were divided into experimental groups S (MRSE strain; to simulate the pathogen attack), E (Ent7420), E + S (Ent7420 + MRSE), and control group (C; without substances). Higher BW and lower FCR (NS) were recorded during Ent7420 application. Decreased JM values (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reflect the MRSE strain's damaging effect on the rabbit organism. Improved parameters of GPx and JM during substance combination suggest that Ent7420 may mitigate staphylococcal pathogenesis, warranting further investigation. These results suggest not only promising preventive use of Ent7420 to improve the growth and immunity of rabbits but also its protective effect against possible staphylococcal (MRSE) infections in rabbit breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1660371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12447729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological functions of ginsenoside and its applications in animal husbandry.","authors":"Yongqiang Li, Guohui Zhang, Jingwei Wang, Jiahui Li, Yuhe Liu, Shengsheng Pan, Shihui Chang, Yang Gao","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1648629","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1648629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ginsenoside, as the pivotal bio-active constituents derived from ginseng, exhibit multifunctional biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation and stress-alleviating effects. Ginsenosides modulate immune responses, enhance metabolic regulation, and exert antioxidant effects through multiple pathways, improving animal health, meat quality and productivity. The purpose of this article is to provide solutions for the development of new feed additives under the premise of a complete ban on the use of antibiotics. Consequently, ginsenosides represent a premium botanical resource for feed additive applications in modern livestock and poultry production. This paper reviews the structural classification, source, biological function and application of ginsenoside in animals, in order to provide a reference for the rational use of ginsenoside in animal husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1648629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial <i>Treponema</i> spp. as candidate probiotics for rumen methane mitigation revealed by a module-based activity index.","authors":"Wei Wang, Xiaoyun Chen, Donghui Fang, Linxiang Li, A G Yueda, Jia Gan, Xiaodong Deng, Xiaoqin Ma, Ying Chen, Yi Shi, Fang He, Changfeng Wu, Zhixin Yi, Maozhong Fu, Jun Yi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1654829","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1654829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methane emissions from ruminants, driven by methanogenic archaea, are a major source of greenhouse gases. Current strategies often rely on metagenomic (MG) abundance as a proxy for methanogenic potential, despite evidence of a disconnect with <i>in-situ</i> activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed paired MG and meta-transcriptomic (MT) datasets from 48 bovine rumen samples. Comparative analyses were performed to assess microbial taxonomic abundance versus transcriptional activity. A Methanogenesis Pathway Expression Activity Index (MPEAI) was developed by integrating expression of four KEGG modules, and Random Forest modeling was applied to identify microbial taxa associated with MPEAI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MG and MT profiles showed incongruence in both microbial community composition and diversity, with MT revealing reduced archaeal transcriptional activity. Dominant archaeal genera (<i>Methanobrevibacter</i>, <i>Methanocaldococcus</i>) were transcriptionally suppressed relative to MG abundance (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In contrast, methanogenesis modules (M00356, M00567, M00357, M00563) exhibited higher expression in MT than MG (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), indicating pathway-level hyperactivity despite archaeal suppression. Random Forest analysis linked MPEAI variation to several <i>Treponema</i> species, which showed significant negative correlations with methanogenic pathway activity (<i>r</i> = -0.36 to -0.57, <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rumen methanogenesis is regulated by functional pathway activity rather than archaeal abundance. The consistent negative associations of <i>Treponema</i> species with methanogenesis highlight their potential as probiotic candidates for methane mitigation and underscore bacterial-archaeal interactions in shaping rumen methane production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1654829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and recombination analysis of GyVg1 varients from companion animals in central and northwest China.","authors":"Zhibin Zhang, Xin Xu, Dandan Li, Fei Liu, Li Wang, Lunguang Yao, Jun Ji, Qingmei Xie, Yingzuo Bi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1668033","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1668033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1668033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Towards precision pain management in veterinary practice: opportunities and barriers.","authors":"Jade-Lily C Jonovski, Elouise K Bacon, Brandon D Velie","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1687598","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1687598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1658765.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1687598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12447771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An intelligent diagnostic method for porcine gastrointestinal infectious diseases based on multimodal AI and large language model.","authors":"Haiyan Wen, Hongtao Shi, Jiashang Yu, Zhaobin Fan, Haicheng Dai, Lili Jiang, Qinye Song","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1660745","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1660745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The swine farming industry, a key pillar of Chinese animal husbandry, faces significant challenges due to frequent outbreaks of porcine gastrointestinal infectious diseases (PGID). Traditional diagnostic methods reliant on human expertise suffer from low efficiency, high subjectivity, and poor accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multimodal diagnostic method based on artificial intelligence (AI) and large language model (LLM) for six common types of PGID. In this method, ChatGPT and image augmentation techniques were first used to expand the dataset. Next, the Multi-scale TextCNN (MS-TextCNN) model was employed to capture multi-granularity semantic features from text. Subsequently, an improved Mask R-CNN model was applied to segment small intestine lesion regions, after which seven convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used to classify the segmented images. Finally, five machine learning models were utilized for multimodal classification diagnosis. Experimental results demonstrate that the multimodal diagnostic model can accurately identify six common types of PGID. This study provides an efficient and accurate intelligent solution for diagnosing PGID and demonstrates superior performance compared with single-modality methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1660745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in bacterial profiles associated with semen collection timing and bull breed, analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS.","authors":"Aleksandar Cojkic, Adnan Niazi, Ingrid Hansson, Jane M Morrell","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1583136","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1583136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacterial contamination can occur at multiple stages of semen processing, necessitating the use of antibiotics in bull semen preservation, mandated by regulatory guidelines. To manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR), targeted antibiotic use based on bacterial identification is essential. This study aimed to characterize bacterial communities in bull semen using metagenomic analysis and MALDI-TOF MS across different semen collection times from the same bulls and between two breeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semen samples were collected from 20 dairy bulls (8 Viking Holstein and 12 Viking Red). Each bull provided three ejaculates within a week: the first after a 96 h since previous collection (T1), the second 48 h later (T2), and the third 24 h after the second (T3). Bacterial species were identified through culturing on cattle blood agar, followed by MALDI-TOF MS identification. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine bacterial diversity after DNA extraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MALDI-TOF analysis identified 33 bacterial species across 60 semen samples. Six species were exclusive to Viking Holstein (VH) bulls, while 12 were specific to Viking Red (VR) bulls. Certain bacterial species were present only at specific time points: three in the first ejaculate, seven in the second, and five in the third. Across individual bulls, <i>Bacillus</i> spp., <i>Proteus</i> spp., and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. were the most consistently detected. Metagenomic analysis revealed 23 phyla and 402 genera in semen samples. Alpha diversity (Shannon index) showed a trend toward <i>p</i> = 0.07 across the bull samples, while beta diversity significantly differed between breeds, with VH samples forming a distinct cluster and VR samples displaying greater microbiome variability. Additionally, specific genera appeared only at one collection time point: <i>Bacteroides, Serratia, Pantoea</i> at T1, <i>Wolbachia, Prevotella, Peptococcus, Alloprevotella</i> at T2, and <i>Streptococcus, Staphylococcus</i>, and <i>Mycoplasma</i> at T3. Specific genera, <i>Acidocella</i> and <i>Escherichia</i>, exhibited negative correlations with most bacterial taxa but showed a slight positive correlation with each other; while <i>Acidocella</i> was detected in nearly all semen samples, except for two samples.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The seminal microbiota of bulls varies over time and differs between breeds, indicating that it is influenced by a complex interaction of environmental, physiological, and host-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1583136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12447730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new <i>Oxyspirura</i> (Nematoda, Thelaziidae) in three captive non-human primate species.","authors":"Ondřej Máca, David González-Solís","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1650452","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1650452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of <i>Oxyspirura</i> are mainly parasites in the eye of a wide variety of wild and domestic birds, as well as of some mammals. The latter group is represented by species found in non-human primates from zoological gardens. Recently, dead non-human primates of 12 species were examined to determine those with infections in the eyes, as well as their morphological and molecular identification. For that, 14 and six individual nematodes were used for the morphological and molecular analyses (<i>18S</i> rRNA, <i>28S</i> rRNA, ITS, and <i>cox1</i> genes), respectively. Three out of the 12 non-human primate species (<i>Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Saguinus midas</i>, and <i>Saguinus oedipus</i>) showed eye infection with nematodes, whose specific identification resulted in the erection of a new species, <i>Oxyspirura</i> (<i>Oxyspirura</i>) <i>tamarina</i> sp. nov. This species is characterized by having a divided buccal capsule, spicules unequal and dissimilar, gubernaculum present or absent, and variability in the number of precloacal papillae. All newly generated sequences were identical to each other. The new species differs morphologically from its congeners in the shape of the buccal capsule, length of spicules, and number and distribution of caudal papillae; molecularly, the genetic divergence was higher than 5% in all markers. Despite the morphological differences of the nematodes studied, the molecular analysis allowed us to recognize them as a sole species, thus becoming the third species of <i>Oxyspirura</i> reported in primates kept in captivity around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1650452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the biochemical impact of leukoreduction on canine pRBC storage: a focus on reactive oxygen species and storage lesions.","authors":"Sun Woo Shin, Minji Kim, Chaewon Shin, Hyeona Bae, Jinho Park, Dong-In Jung, Kyu-Woan Cho, DoHyeon Yu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1563532","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1563532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transfusion therapy is vital for both humans and animals, though it poses significant risks, including the development of storage lesions in packed red blood cells (pRBCs). This study examines hematological and biochemical changes during the storage of canine pRBCs, focusing on intraerythrocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the impact of pre-storage leukoreduction. Eleven pRBC units were each divided into two aliquots, resulting in a total of 22 units, eleven leukoreduced (LR-pRBC) and eleven non-leukoreduced (nLR-pRBC), which were analyzed over 42 days. Results showed increased hemolysis, lactic acidosis, and potassium efflux (All, <i>p</i> < 0.01), with more severe lesions in nLR-pRBCs due to leukocyte presence. Notably, intraerythrocytic ROS levels increased in both groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), driven by hemoglobin autoxidation (<i>p</i> < 0.05), though they decreased in later storage stages due to hemolysis and membrane vesiculation. The study highlights that pre-storage leukoreduction mitigates storage lesions, suggesting its implementation to enhance pRBC storage safety. Further research is necessary to understand the role of antioxidant systems in controlling intraerythrocytic ROS and preventing storage lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1563532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Captivity-associated variations in fecal testosterone and progesterone metabolite concentrations in mountain gazelle (<i>Gazella gazella</i>).","authors":"Mina Cansu Karaer, Tolga Kankılıç, Çağatay Tavşanoğlu, Tilen Vake, Alenka Dovč, Tomaž Snoj","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1621008","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1621008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mountain gazelle (<i>Gazella gazella</i>) is a medium-sized antelope native to arid regions that is currently listed as an endangered species. There are only two known populations of mountain gazelles worldwide, one of which is in Hatay (Türkiye). In this study, we investigated the differences in the fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone metabolites in free-ranging and captive mountain gazelle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fecal samples were collected from the ground in the Hatay Mountain Gazelle Wildlife Development Area, located in Hatay Province (Türkiye) during each season of the year. In total, 246 samples, 170 from free-ranging population and 76 from captive population, were collected and used to determine testosterone and progesterone metabolite concentrations. The metabolites were extracted from dried fecal samples using methanol, and their concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The detection methods were partially validated. The analytical validation includes the determination of coefficients of variation, sensitivity of the measurements, recovery rate, linearity and cross-reactivity. In biological evaluation, the predicted reproductive status of the animals was compared with the concentrations of the progesterone and testosterone metabolites in feces.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>Our analysis revealed that fecal samples obtained from free-ranging individuals consistently contained higher levels of testosterone metabolites than those obtained from the captive individuals. No consistent pattern was detected for fecal progesterone metabolites. Our results suggest that a constant supply of water stimulates intestinal transit. Therefore, due to faster intestinal transit the population with continuous water availability throughout the year (captive population) has lower concentrations of fecal hormone metabolites. These findings are relevant not only for the mountain gazelle as a species of endangered status but also provide important information regarding the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of steroid hormone excretion in ruminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1621008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}