Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Dietary arginine-to-lysine ratio influences nutrient digestibility during early growth without affecting growth performance in growing-finishing pigs.","authors":"Wei Han Zhao, Joo Hee Kim, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1973474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1973474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The balance of dietary amino acid ratios is an important factor affecting nutrient utilization in pigs. Both arginine and lysine are involved in protein deposition and nitrogen metabolism, and their relative ratio may influence nutrient utilization and metabolic responses. This study evaluated the effects of different dietary arginine-to-lysine ratios (Arg:Lys) on growth performance, fecal characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolites in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 165 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an initial body weight (BW) of 26.36 ± 3.01 kg were assigned to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design based on BW. The CON, TRT1, and TRT2 diets were formulated to provide Arg:Lys ratios of 1.00, 1.10, and 1.20, respectively. Each treatment had 11 replicate pens, with 5 pigs per pen, including 2 gilts and 3 barrows. The experiment lasted 15 weeks. Dietary Arg:Lys ratio did not affect BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or feed conversion ratio during any experimental period (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Fecal score was not affected by dietary treatment throughout the experiment (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Pigs fed the TRT1 diet had greater apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen (N) (<i>p</i> = 0.0247, <i>p</i> = 0.0361) and gross energy (GE) (<i>p</i> = 0.0402, <i>p</i> = 0.0343) at weeks 2 and 5 than pigs fed the CON diet. At week 12, ATTD of dry matter (DM) showed a significant quadratic response (<i>p</i> = 0.0371). Fecal moisture was not affected at weeks 2, 5, 9, or 12, but showed a significant quadratic response at week 15 (<i>p</i> = 0.0230). Serum homocysteine concentration showed a significant quadratic response at week 5 (<i>p</i> = 0.0334), whereas serum creatine concentration was not affected. Overall, dietary Arg:Lys ratio did not affect growth performance in growing-finishing pigs, but an Arg:Lys ratio of 1.10 improved the ATTD of N and GE during the early growing phase. However, because these digestibility responses were not maintained throughout the entire experimental period and were not accompanied by improvements in growth performance, their practical nutritional significance requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1973474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of carbapenemase-producing bacteria from poultry farms in the United Arab Emirates: an emerging One Health threat.","authors":"Hazim O Khalifa, Temesgen Mohammed, Mushal Allam, Afra Abdalla, Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed, Glindya Bhagya Lakshmi, Febin Anes, Farah Al-Marzooq, Ihab Habib","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1847960","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1847960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenemase-producing bacteria represent a critical global public health threat, yet their presence and molecular characteristics in food animal production systems remain poorly understood. This study provides the first comprehensive report of carbapenemase-producing bacteria isolated from poultry farms in the United Arab Emirates, offering important One Health insights into emerging antimicrobial resistance risks at the human-animal-environment interface.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 77 samples were collected from broiler farmhouses and slaughterhouses belonging to two major poultry companies in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, between June 2023 and April 2024. Isolates were screened on MacConkey agar supplemented with meropenem, and carbapenemase production was confirmed using the modified carbapenem inactivation method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by whole-genome sequencing for species identification, resistome and virulome characterization, plasmid profiling, and comparative genomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three isolates (3.9%) were confirmed as carbapenemase producers, two of which exhibited multidrug resistance. Whole-genome sequencing identified one <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> ST11 KL105 isolate carrying <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 and two <i>Metapseudomonas otitidis</i> isolates harboring the intrinsic carbapenemase <i>bla</i> _POM-1. The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolate contained multiple plasmid replicons and a broad resistome. Virulence analysis revealed a complete yersiniabactin locus, enterobactin operon, <i>ompA</i>, and ECP-like pilus genes. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the <i>bla</i> _NDM-5 genetic environment was highly conserved and nearly identical to that of a human ST11 isolate recovered in India in 2019. The two <i>M. otitidis</i> isolates showed a highly syntenic chromosomal <i>bla</i> _POM-1 locus and clustered closely with a human isolate from the United States (2016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study documents the presence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria in poultry production systems in the UAE, including a high-risk <i>bla</i> _NDM-5-harboring <i>K. pneumoniae</i> ST11 clone. The close genomic relatedness to human clinical isolates highlights the potential for cross-sectoral dissemination and underscores the importance of integrated genomic surveillance across animal, human, and environmental reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1847960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of various reproduction substrates on the survival, health, and reproductive output of broodstock Mediterranean medicinal leech (<i>Hirudo verbana</i>).","authors":"Mustafa Ceylan","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1969385","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1969385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The captive breeding of non-traditional aquatic species is becoming increasingly important for both niche animal production and the conservation of overexploited taxa; however, breeding protocols for these species remain largely undocumented. The Mediterranean medicinal leech (<i>Hirudo verbana</i>), which is clinically used in reconstructive surgery and listed on CITES Appendix II, deposits its cocoons on a moist terrestrial substrate; this makes the reproductive substrate a critical but untested management variable. We compared four substrates available to leech breeders, namely unamended fresh lake peat (FLP), unamended commercial terrestrial peat (CTP), commercial lake peat (CLP), and vermicompost (VC). Each substrate was characterized across 14 physicochemical parameters and evaluated for its effects on the survival, health, and reproductive output of broodstock leeches. Substrate type significantly altered survival (log-rank χ²(3) = 53.3, <i>P</i> < 0.001): all leeches died within 2 days in VC and within 4 days in CLP; in contrast, 50% (FLP) and 60% (CTP) survived the entire 75-day experiment. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering distinguished lethal substrates from viable substrates along an ionic and osmotic gradient driven by electrical conductivity up to 10.14 dS/m and high levels of sodium, copper, and zinc, indicating that the immediate cause of death was ionic and osmotic stress rather than organic richness. No cocoons were produced on the lethal substrates, whereas on the two viable substrates, the number of cocoons, cocoon morphology, number of offspring per cocoon, and offspring body weight were equivalent. These findings reveal that commercially processed horticultural growing media pose an uncharacterized acute threat to captive reproduction and support the use of electrical conductivity as a low-cost, quantitative pre-use screening criterion; this principle is likely applicable to other exotic and wild species reared in semi-terrestrial breeding environments as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1969385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild hydrostatic pressure preconditioning improves post-thaw motility of cryopreserved stallion semen.","authors":"Eszter Losonczi, András Horváth, Csilla Budai, Katalin Szabó, Judit Cserepes, Zsolt Lang, Csaba Pribenszky","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1937911","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1937911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of stallion semen cryopreservation is limited by substantial variation among stallions and by temporal variation within individual donors. However, the equine breeding industry requires predictable, stable, and efficient cryopreservation protocols to support the increasing use and dissemination of valuable genetics. One possible strategy for improving semen freezing is to introduce a preconditioning step before cryopreservation to prepare spermatozoa for the unavoidable stresses associated with freezing and thawing. This study evaluated the effects of mild hydrostatic pressure preconditioning on semen samples from Arabian and Shagya-Arabian stallions. Sixty-three semen samples from ten stallions were included in the study, spanning between July and April, in 31 collection days. Before routine cryopreservation, each sample was split into one control and six treatment aliquots, subjected to one of six hydrostatic pressure preconditioning treatments or maintained as control. After freezing and thawing, total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analyser. Five of the six preconditioning treatments significantly improved both TM and PM compared with the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). TM increased from 51.87% in control samples to 56.39-59.17% in mild-hydrostatic-pressure-treated samples, while PM increased from 39.56% to 43.81-47.00%. In our study, mild hydrostatic pressure preconditioning was readily integrated into the routine semen cryopreservation workflow and improved post-thaw motility. These findings indicate improved motility-based cryosurvival of stallion spermatozoa; however, the study did not assess pregnancy rate, foaling rate, or other <i>in vivo</i> fertility outcomes. Artificial insemination trials are therefore required before conclusions can be drawn regarding reproductive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1937911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocyte membrane lipidomic signatures in canine lymphoma: immunophenotype-specific alterations and prognostic associations.","authors":"Valentina Rinaldi, Benedetta Belà, Annamaria Porreca, Isa Fusaro, Alessia Luciani, Gianpaolo Scipioni, Carla Ferreri, Alessandro Gramenzi, Andrea Boari, Paolo Emidio Crisi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1950771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1950771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid metabolic dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Erythrocyte membrane fatty-acid (FA) profiling may reflect systemic metabolic alterations and provide non-invasive biomarkers of tumor biology. This prospective study investigated the erythrocyte membrane lipidomic profile of dogs with lymphoma and its potential prognostic relevance. Thirty-nine dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma were enrolled. Clinical staging, flow-cytometric immunophenotyping, and erythrocyte membrane FA analysis were performed at diagnosis. Individual FAs, FA classes, and lipid-derived indices were compared between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas. Lymphoma-specific survival (LSS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and exploratory univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Twenty-five dogs had B-cell lymphoma, and 14 had T-cell lymphoma. T-cell lymphomas were more frequently extranodal, whereas B-cell lymphomas were predominantly multicentric. Palmitoleic acid was significantly lower in T-cell than in B-cell lymphoma. Correlation analysis revealed distinct lipidomic interaction patterns in dogs with lymphoma compared with healthy controls, particularly involving polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, arachidonic acid, and the unsaturation index. <i>The estimated LSS probability was approximately 50% at 180 days. Exploratory Cox analyses identified nominal associations between mixed diet and a lower hazard of lymphoma-related death, higher oleic acid concentrations and a lower hazard, and higher cis-vaccenic acid concentrations and a higher hazard</i>. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size, multiple comparisons, and lack of multivariable adjustment. Overall, erythrocyte membrane FA profiling identified immunophenotype-related differences and exploratory associations with outcome, supporting further investigation of lipidomics as a potential prognostic tool in canine lymphoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1950771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral levamisole as a route-decoupled adjunct to intramuscular foot-and-mouth disease vaccination: a two-species evaluation.","authors":"Hyeong Won Kim, So Hui Park, Mi-Kyeong Ko, Seokwon Shin, Jong-Hyeon Park, Min Ja Lee","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1918567","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1918567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control still depends largely on inactivated vaccines; however, improving vaccine efficacy without reformulating existing vaccines remains an important practical challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed oral levamisole as an independently administered adjunct alongside, but separately from, a conventional intramuscular bivalent FMD vaccine in mice and FMD-seronegative swine. Serotype-specific immune responses were assessed using structural protein (SP) ELISA and virus-neutralization (VN) assays. IgA-associated responses were examined in mouse serum and saliva and in swine serum, while cytokine-related gene transcription was profiled in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Murine post-challenge outcomes and porcine safety were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oral levamisole increased antibody and neutralizing responses against FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes O and A in both species. In mice, adjunct treatment improved post-challenge survival (5/5 [100%] with vaccine + levamisole vs. 2/5 [40%] with vaccine alone; log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.004), reduced post-challenge body weight loss, and increased IgA-associated responses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings support oral levamisole as a practical route-decoupled adjunct for enhancing FMD vaccine responsiveness without requiring modification of the injectable vaccine formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1918567"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic renal disease detection developments with future potential to improve veterinary clinical practice.","authors":"M Arevalo Turrubiarte, H Rideout, A D Whetton, N Geifman, S K Armstrong","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1874059","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1874059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major global human and veterinary health concern. Novel blood and urine biomarkers currently offer significant opportunities to advance early diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical outcomes. Adopting a translational medicine approach, we summarise research performed to date on CKD biomarkers in humans and relate these findings to companion animal CKD biomarker research. Emerging candidates, including microRNAs and multiprotein measurements for diagnostic signatures, are also considered. We discuss the potential complementarity offered by multi-omic approaches and Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven diagnostic algorithm generation for the understanding of CKD pathogenesis in dogs and cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1874059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-loop artificial intelligence agents for animal epidemic prediction and decision support in livestock farming: a review.","authors":"Yuzhi Wang, Yingtong Zhou, Liyu Li, Huiling Xu, Wangze Ni, Xiaoliang Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1968632","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1968632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal diseases continuously threaten livestock production and public health, yet current surveillance approaches remain largely passive and fragmented. Conventional artificial intelligence models typically function as open-loop predictors, delivering static outputs that fail to accommodate the dynamic operational needs of veterinarians in real-world farm settings. This review explores an emerging paradigm of AI agents for animal disease monitoring, emphasizing how such agents can transition from passive observation to active intervention through a closed-loop perception-decision-feedback architecture. We first classify multi-scale sensing technologies: at the micro-scale, automated molecular diagnostics and biosensors; at the macro-scale, computer-vision-based phenotyping. These technologies collectively provide the data streams required for continuous surveillance. The review then discusses how multi-modal inputs, time-series forecasting, resource-aware decision-making, and reinforcement learning can be integrated into an agent-based workflow. Importantly, most current veterinary research evidence supports only the individual components of this framework, rather than the deployment of fully autonomous, iteratively evolving closed-loop agents in actual field environments. Translating closed-loop AI from a conceptual framework into a reliable veterinary decision-support tool will therefore require further advances in validation, standardization, governance, and human oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1968632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-laboratory proficiency assessment for molecular and serological diagnosis of classical and African swine fever in the Americas.","authors":"Chukwunonso Onyilagha, Orie Hochman, Gabriel Brawerman, Kalhari Goonewardene, Aruna Ambagala","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1874382","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1874382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are economically significant transboundary viral diseases of pigs and are reportable to the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) due to their severe impact on production and international trade. Both diseases present with similar clinical signs; therefore, they cannot be reliably distinguished without laboratory diagnosis. Given that diagnostic assay performance could vary between laboratories, proficiency testing (PT) exercises play a critical role in ensuring the quality and reliability of laboratory results and in helping laboratories to identify and address procedural issues. As one of the WOAH reference laboratories for ASF and CSF, the National Center for Foreign Animal Disease (NCFAD) organized its first PT exercise for ASF and CSF in 2024, targeting the Americas. A total of 16 international laboratories from 11 countries participated in the PT exercise, which focused on front-line molecular and serological diagnostic assays that are essential for laboratory detection of ASF and CSF. The 15-sample molecular panel contained inactivated ASF (6 samples) and CSF (7 samples) viruses, in addition to two negative samples for genome detection. The 20-sample serological panel comprised serum samples containing antibodies to ASF (10 samples) and CSF (5 samples) viruses. The remaining five serum samples contained no antibodies to ASF or CSF viruses. All laboratories correctly identified the ASF virus (ASFV) genome-positive samples; however, only 85.7% of the laboratories correctly identified the CSF virus (CSFV) genome-positive samples. While 80% of participating laboratories accurately identified the ASF-positive serum samples, only 35.7% accurately identified the CSF-positive serum samples. Overall, most laboratories demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for the molecular detection of ASF and CSF; however, further improvements are needed in the serological detection of ASF and CSF. The PT exercise helped participating laboratories strengthen their testing performance and advance their efforts toward accreditation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1874382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic profiling reveals candidate biomarkers of ovarian inactivity in yak via Astral-DIA.","authors":"Wanshu Wang, Yujun Li, Peng Wang, Min Ran, Yuehuan Zhang, Huizhu Zhang, Yaying Wang, Jiamei Luo, Bingjie Wang, Jian Li, Honghong He","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1973877","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1973877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inactive ovaries are one of the major causes of low reproductive performance in yaks, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we applied the high‑throughput and high‑sensitivity Astral‑DIA (Data‑Independent Acquisition) technique to identify differentially expressed proteins in ovarian tissues from yaks with inactive ovaries (IO) compared to those in natural estrus (ECG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 165 highly significant differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 87 upregulated and 78 downregulated proteins. Gene Ontology (GO), EggNOG functional classification, KEGG pathway analysis, and subcellular localization prediction were performed to annotate and characterize these proteins. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed five representative differential proteins-MAO, FSTL3, HAPLN1, PTGFR, and RDH11-as potential key regulators of ovarian activity. Western blot validation confirmed the consistency of the proteomic data, showing that MAO, FSTL3, and HAPLN1 were significantly upregulated, while PTGFR and RDH11 were downregulated in the IO group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that these five proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian inactivity and could serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic targets. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on molecular mechanisms and prevention strategies for inactive ovaries in yaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1973877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}