Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and severity of laryngeal collapse in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: 80 dogs (2018-2022).","authors":"Courtney Gallant, Whitney Phipps","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601466","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the incidence and severity of laryngeal collapse in brachycephalic breeds presented for surgical management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). The primary hypothesis was that French Bulldogs would have a higher incidence of laryngeal collapse than the other breeds and a higher stage of laryngeal collapse at presentation. The second hypothesis was that higher stages of laryngeal collapse would be associated with increased perioperative complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records of dogs referred for surgical intervention of BOAS from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from January 2018 to December 2022. Signalment, physical examination, stage of laryngeal collapse, surgical procedures, the occurrence of postoperative complications, and short-term outcomes were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>French bulldogs were the most common breed presented (53.75%). Fifteen dogs (18.75%) had no evidence of laryngeal collapse, 46 dogs (57.50%) had stage I laryngeal collapse, 13 dogs (16.25%) had stage II laryngeal collapse, and six dogs (7.50%) had stage III laryngeal collapse. There was no association between breed and stage of laryngeal collapse (<i>p</i> = 0.68). Postoperative complications were seen in 25/80 (31.25%) dogs. A higher stage of laryngeal collapse was associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), including regurgitation, temporary tracheostomy, oxygen supplementation, and aspiration pneumonia. No association was found between additional procedures performed and the incidence of postoperative complications (<i>p</i> = 0.31).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>French bulldogs were the most common breed seen for BOAS surgery during this period. Dogs with a higher stage of laryngeal collapse were at an increased risk of developing postoperative complications. Owners should be counseled that the risks of surgery may be higher with higher stages of laryngeal collapse. Further studies are indicated to evaluate the long-term prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1601466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementation of dietary <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts to lactating Wuzhishan sows: effects on milk composition, immune function, milk-derived hormones, and related gene expression.","authors":"Hongzhi Wu, Xilong Yu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Weiqi Peng, Fengjie Ji, Qian Shen, Renlong Lv","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1524258","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1524258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The milk provided by sows plays an essential role in the growth and development of the piglets. This study aimed to explore the effects of <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts on milk composition, immune function, milk-derived hormones, and related gene expression of lactating sows. Forty-eight sows were randomly allocated into four groups, with six replicates and two sows per replicate. The control group (CON) was fed basal experimental diets, and the experimental groups were fed 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts in powder (AS1, AS2, and AS3, respectively). Compared to the CON, (1) the lactoprotein and milk fat contents were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS1, AS2, and AS3 at 12 and 24 h, and on the 7th day; (2) the IgA, IgG, and IL-2 levels were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the TNF-<i>α</i> levels were lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS1, AS2, and AS3 at 12 and 24 h; the IgG, IgM, and IL-2 levels were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS1, AS2, and AS3 on the 7th day; (3) the progesterone, prolactin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 contents were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS1, AS2, and AS3 at 12 and 24 h; the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 contents were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS2 and AS3 on the 7th day; (4) the relative expressions of <i>PRLP</i>, <i>LALBA</i>, <i>AKT1</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>GLUT1,</i> and <i>CSN2</i> in mammary tissue were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in groups treated with <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts; (5) the serum IgA, IgM, IL-6, growth hormone, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 contents were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in AS2 and AS3 in piglets; and (6) the relative expressions of <i>PRLP</i> and <i>IL-10</i> in umbilical cord were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in groups treated with <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts. Incorporating 600 mg/kg of <i>Angelica sinensis</i> extracts into the diets of lactating Wuzhishan sows elicited differential responses regarding milk composition, immune function, hormonal profiles, and associated gene expression across distinct postpartum periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1524258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing growth performance in Liangshan black sheep through fermented onion: insights from transcriptomics and metabolomics.","authors":"Chaoyun Yang, Shuzhe Wang, Yunxia Qi, Yadong Jin, Ran Guan, Zengwen Huang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1533728","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1533728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fermented onion (FO) on the growth performance of Liangshan black sheep (LBS) and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms from a multi-omics perspective. A total of 20 LBS were randomly assigned to one of four groups and fed diets containing 0, 10, 20%, or 30% fermented onions, respectively. The initial and final body weights were recorded. Following the termination of the experiment, the control group and the group exhibiting the most significant increase in average daily gain (ADG) were selected for slaughter. Rumen epithelial tissue was then collected for transcriptome sequencing, while fermented and unfermented onions were collected for untargeted metabolomics. The study revealed that the supplementation of 20% FO led to a notable enhancement in the ADG of LBS, whereas the addition of 30% resulted in a growth-inhibitory effect. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the fermentation process markedly elevated the concentration of bioactive compounds in the onion, including quercetin, rutin, luteolin, myricetin, 4'-methoxyflavone and other flavonoids, as well as linoleic acid, <i>γ</i>-linolenic acid and diverse amino acids. Transcriptome analysis revealed 34 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were primarily enriched in protein-related signaling pathways, glycerolipid metabolism, and digestion and absorption-related pathways. The appropriate addition of FO has been demonstrated to promote the growth performance of LBS by increasing the concentration of bioactive substances and regulating metabolic processes and gene expression. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for improving the growth performance of LBS and making more effective use of onion resources, and contribute new insights to the development and utilization of feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1533728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strains derived from wild bird provide protection against <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> challenge in locally-sourced broilers.","authors":"Gerui Zhang, Ainul Zahra, Tianrui Yang, Qiyu Guo, Yan Sun, Yuhang Zhang, Yupeng Gao, Yuxi Zhang, Mingyue Wang, Jingshuo Gong, Haibin Huang, Zhannan Wang, Chunfeng Wang, Yanlong Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601605","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>, has seen a surge in chicken populations recently due to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in feed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, screening and identification of probiotics with strong antagonistic ability against <i>C. perfringens</i> from 34 wild bird fecal isolates, followed by analysis of probiotic characteristics and carbon source metabolic activity. Strains exhibiting favorable antagonistic activity against <i>C. perfringens</i> were subsequently employed in vivo study to evaluate their protective efficacy against <i>C. perfringens</i> challenge in locally-sourced broilers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strains YL-EF25 and YL-EF32 were selected based on their ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of <i>C. perfringens</i>. These two strains demonstrated good tolerance to bile salts, artificial gastric juice, and phenol, as well as metabolic activity toward dietary fiber and propionic acid precursor substances. <i>In vivo</i> tests on locally-sourced broilers revealed that NE induced body weight loss, intestinal lesions, and intestinal inflammation, as well as imbalance in the gut microflora. Administration of <i>E. faecalis</i> YL-EF25 and YL-EF32 can alleviate these symptoms. We find that feed supplementation with YL-EF25 and YL-EF32 reduced the lesion score of challenged chicks (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with increased tight junction-related gene expression (Occludin and ZO-1) and decreased proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IFN-γ) expression in jejunum compared with NE-induced broilers (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, <i>E. faecalis</i> YL-EF25 can boost peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These finding indicated that addition of <i>E. faecalis</i> YL-EF25 and YL-EF32 improved growth performance and mitigated NE-induced gut injury, possibly by strengthening intestinal mucosal barrier function and restoring effects on the ileal microbial composition in <i>C. perfringens-challenged</i> broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1601605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White blood cell estimates correlate to measures of population and individual health in an endangered population of Marbled Murrelets (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>).","authors":"Kelsey Ryan, Lindsay J Adrean, Matt G Betts, Jonathan Dachenhaus, Jennifer Johns, Miranda Michlanski, S Kim Nelson, Shannon Phelps, James W Rivers, Daniel D Roby, Ethan Woodis, Brianna R Beechler","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545905","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1545905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Estimated white blood cell (WBC) counts are a valuable tool for assessing individual and population health in wildlife and domestic animals due to their role in the response to environmental stressors and disease. These measures are infrequently used in the study of wild seabird species, despite their utility when used alongside other common health assays - such as infectious disease testing, body condition, and population monitoring efforts. The Marbled Murrelet (<i>Brachyramphus marmoratus</i>) is a seabird of conservation concern that is federally listed as threatened by the states of Oregon, Washington, and California, thus necessitating the evaluation of its physiological health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated the utility of estimated WBC counts as measures of health, asking whether counts changed by measures of individual health (i.e., sex, <i>L. marmoratii</i> hemoparasite burden, body condition index, and nesting propensity) and population health (i.e., changes in counts by year). We used blood smears collected from over 350 murrelets captured along the Oregon Coast between April and June of 2017-2019 and 2021-2022 to estimate total WBC and differential counts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estimated WBC counts were found to appear lower in years with more favorable ocean conditions, when nesting propensity was relatively high. Male murrelets, individuals less likely to nest, and individuals with greater <i>L. marmoratii</i> burden had significantly lower estimated WBC counts, whereas individuals with a lower body condition index had elevated estimated WBC counts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results demonstrate the utility of estimated WBC counts to further assess health at the individual and population levels in the study of species of heightened conservation concern and should be considered as an addition to research plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1545905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scale to measure perceived respiratory effort in dogs: the DeChant scale.","authors":"Mallory T DeChant, Alexandra Moesta, Nathaniel J Hall","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1528357","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1528357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perceived respiratory effort (PRE) scale is a categorical psychophysical scale originally developed by Gunnar Borg and modified for numerous applications. We here propose a modification of the PRE scale with a 0-10 categorical scale for dogs, called the DeChant scale. A total of seventy-nine Labrador Retrievers were scored by video using the developed scale pre and post one of two different sprint exercise paradigms. The first exercise paradigm was 200 m in length and the second exercise paradigm was 1,200 m in length. PRE was reliably scored with an interclass correlation exceeding 0.8 for both exercise paradigms. The scale was further validated with moderate (<i>r</i> > 0.5) to strong correlations (<i>r</i> > 0.7) with core body temperature, rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate. The results suggest this PRE scale may be a useful, rapid and reliable visual measure of canine effort under exercise. Future research is needed for validation to other dog breeds and for use as a measure to predict detection performance or heat injury risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1528357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency of cookie residue and its effects on broiler performance.","authors":"Lidiane Rosa Custódio, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, Ana Carolina Ferreira Dos Santos, Thaysa Rodrigues Torres, Jussiede Silva Santos, Julia da Silva Barros, Jorge Vitor Ludke, Dayane Albuquerque da Silva, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Júlio Cézar Dos Santos Nascimento, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Arlei Coldebella, Lucas Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1587576","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1587576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the energy value of cookie residue in broiler diets through a metabolism trial and determined the optimal inclusion level based on performance, carcass characteristics, and blood parameters. Two experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. In the metabolism trial, 60 broilers (14 days old) were assigned to two treatments: a control diet and a diet with 30% cookie residue replacing the reference feed, with six replicates of five birds each. In the performance trial, 450 1-day-old broilers were assigned to five treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% cookie residue), with six replicates of 15 birds per treatment, evaluated at 7, 21, 35, and 42 days of age. The cookie residue showed an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of 3,959 Kcal kg^-1 and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) of 3,480 Kcal kg^-1. Performance results indicated that during the 1-7, 8-21, and 1-21 day periods, birds fed diets with cookie residue performed better than those on the control diet. However, no significant differences in overall performance or carcass characteristics were observed from 1 to 42 days, except for an increase in abdominal fat, a decrease in empty gizzard weight, and elevated blood cholesterol and creatinine levels-though all values remained within physiological norms. These findings suggest that cookie residue can be included in broiler diets at levels up to 40% without compromising performance or carcass quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1587576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics to analyze differences in muscle mass and flavor formation in <i>Gayal</i> and yellow cattle.","authors":"Lin Han, Runqi Fu, Binlong Fu, Qian Li, Ye Yu, Huan Gao, Jiawei Zhang, Min Qi, Chunjia Jin, Shengyong Mao, Jing Leng","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1581767","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1581767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beef flavor is affected by muscle metabolites and their related regulatory genes, and the molecular regulatory mechanisms vary among different beef breeds. To provide some new ways to improve meat quality and cattle breed improvement, 24-month-old <i>Gayal</i> (<i>n</i> = 8) and yellow cattle (<i>n</i> = 8) were selected for comparison in this study. The result revealed that the longissimus dorsi muscle fiber diameter, protein content and a-value of <i>Gayal</i> were significantly higher than that of yellow cattle, but the fat content was lower than that of yellow cattle. Furthermore, <i>Gayal</i> meat contained notably higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3PUFA than that of yellow cattle, and also had better levels of flavor amino acids (FAAs) and sweet amino acids (SAAs), which contribute to the flavor of beef. Through comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics, we detected a total of 109 markedly different metabolites (DEMs) and 1,677 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pectoral muscles of the two breeds. Further analysis indicated that amino acid and lipid metabolism might be the key factors contributing to the differences in meat quality and flavor between <i>Gayal</i> and yellow cattle, involving metabolites such as L-2-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-serine, betaine, pantothenic acid, and taurine. Through correlation analysis, we identified genes highly associated with flavor amino acids (<i>GSTM3</i>, <i>GSTT2</i>), muscle development (<i>FGF10</i>, <i>EIF4EBP1</i>, <i>PPP2R2C</i>), and lipid metabolism (<i>CYP4A22</i>, <i>ACOX3</i>, <i>PLIN1</i>, <i>ADH6</i>, <i>CNDP1</i>, <i>LPAR</i>3, <i>BRCA1</i>, <i>ADIPOQ</i>, <i>FABP3</i>) related essential regulatory genes and constructed a gene-metabolite interaction network for meat quality and flavor formation in <i>Gayal</i>. In summary, it was shown that significant differences in muscle metabolites between <i>Gayal</i> and yellow cattle, especially in amino acid and lipid metabolism, may be the major reason for the differences in quality and flavor between the two types of beef. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the differences in beef quality and flavor between <i>Gayal</i> and yellow cattle, and provides a reference for the development and genetic breeding of high-quality cattle breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1581767"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cecropin antimicrobial peptides on growth and intestinal health in growing male minks.","authors":"Jian Chen, Xiaojun Yu, Guang Wang, Ziyi Jiang, Lingpeng Kong, Huanle Zhang, Lihua Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1565580","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1565580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with cecropin antimicrobial peptides (CAD) on growth performance and intestinal health in growing male minks (<i>Neovison vison</i>). A cohort of 60 male minks (65 days old) were evenly divided into six groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with CAD at 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg for 8 weeks. The findings revealed that the minks in 200 mg/kg CAD group had greater growth performance, with significantly higher final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG). Compared to the minks in the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Digestibility analyses at week 3 demonstrated that CAD supplementation enhanced ether extract (EE) digestibility (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while 200, 400, and 500 mg/kg CAD improved crude protein (CP) digestibility (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Intestinal morphology assessments indicated that 200 mg/kg CAD significantly increased duodenal and jejunal villus height (both <i>p</i> < 0.05) and jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to the control. Serum immunological analyses revealed elevated levels of complement C4 and IgG in CAD-supplemented groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, the 100 mg/kg CAD group exhibited the higher serum IgA, IgM, and complement C3, and less jejunal TNF-<i>α</i> levels (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Microbiota profiling showed that CAD supplementation reduced the relative abundance of <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i> and <i>Mycoplasma</i>, while 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CAD decreased <i>Peptostreptococcaceae</i> populations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 100 mg/kg CAD group displayed optimal immune enhancement and microbiota modulation, whereas the 200 mg/kg group achieved the best growth performance and intestinal function. These results suggest that dietary CAD supplementation at 100-200 mg/kg effectively improves growth, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health in growing male minks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1565580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of avipoxvirus using a fluorescent probe-based multienzyme isothermal amplification assay.","authors":"Yinchu Zhu, Suxin Huo, Liu Chen, Yuan Fu, Jionggang Hua, Tao Yun, Cun Zhang, Zheng Ni, Weicheng Ye","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601685","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1601685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avipoxvirus (APV) is a prevalent DNA virus in avian species, causing clinical symptoms of fowlpox and leading to reduced egg production, slower broiler growth, and increased mortality. The spread of APV poses a significant threat to the global poultry industry, potentially causing substantial economic losses. Effective control of APV, particularly its major species such as fowlpoxvirus and pigeonpoxvirus, requires the development of rapid and specific diagnostic tools. In this study, a novel multi-enzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assay was developed to detect APV. Various primer-probe combinations were screened to identify an optimal pair targeting a conserved region of the viral <i>P4b</i> gene. The MIRA assay operates at a constant temperature and results can be visualized through fluorescence signal detection. The sensitivity, specificity, and applicability of the MIRA assay were evaluated. Additionally, 86 clinical samples were tested to assess the accuracy of the MIRA assay. The MIRA assay provides results within 15 minutes demonstrated high specificity, with no cross-reactivity with other avian pathogens. It achieved a detection limit of 50 copies/μl, which is consistent with the qPCR assay. Further evaluation with 86 clinical samples showed that the accuracy of the MIRA assay was comparable to that of qPCR in detecting fowlpoxvirus and pigeonpoxvirus. The results highlight the convenience, sensitivity, and rapidity of the MIRA assay as a promising tool for diagnosing APV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1601685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}