Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"The research progress on the impact of pig gut microbiota on health and production performance.","authors":"Jing Wang, Tiejin Tong, Changqing Yu, Qiang Wu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1564519","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1564519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the health and productive performance of pigs, influencing nutrient absorption, feed conversion efficiency, and ultimately, production profitability. In addition to being the primary site of digestion, the intestine houses the pig's largest immune organ, where the microbial community is essential for overall well-being. During the piglet stage, the gut microbiota undergoes a dynamic evolution, gradually adapting to the host environment. This plasticity presents opportunities to intervene and optimize its composition from early stages, enhancing animal health and development. Among the key factors in this process, dietary fiber plays a fundamental role, as its fermentation by the gut microbiota directly affects its composition and functionality, particularly in the distal small intestine, colon, and rectum. The short-chain fatty acids produced during this process not only provide continuous energy to intestinal cells but also regulate immune responses, prevent infections, and contribute to the body's homeostasis, promoting healthy growth. Despite advancements in understanding host-microbiota interactions, there is still no clear consensus on the optimal balance of gut microbiota or a precise definition of a healthy microbiota. Current research aims to identify the factors that modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota and its physiological and immune functions. Future findings will aid in developing strategies to restore gut homeostasis after external disruptions, such as stress, antibiotic use, or infections, thereby improving productivity, reducing stress-related impacts, and preventing diseases in pig production.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1564519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of SYBR green I-based real-time qPCR differential diagnosis assays for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus typing in Guangdong province.","authors":"Zhaowen Ren, Pu Kang, Pian Zhang, Chenglong Sun, Jing Chen, Hua Xiang, Shengjun Luo, Rujian Cai, Yuan Huang, Yuzhu Jin, Gang Wang, Xiaohu Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1495128","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1495128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease that causes reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory problems in pigs of different ages. It first appeared in the late 20th century in the United States and Europe before spreading globally, leading to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a high rate of genetic recombination, resulting in considerable genetic diversity within the virus. The lack of cross-protection between different lineages often leads to unsuccessful vaccination attempts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To accurately distinguish PRRSV lineages and develop effective vaccination strategies for pigs, we have developed a fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method by designing specific primers and SYBR green dye. This method allows for the simultaneous identification of different PRRSV genotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our experimental results show that these methods have good specificity and do not react with other common viral pathogens in pigs. This method also demonstrates good sensitivity, with the ability to detect low levels of the virus. The detection limits of these assay were 10² copies/μL for PRRSV-1 (European-type PRRS) and 10¹ copies/μL for PRRSV-2 (American-type PRRSV), HP-PRRSV (Highly Pathogenic PRRSV), and NL-PRRSV (NADC30-like PRRSV), respectively. Furthermore, the reproducibility of this method is commendable, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation remaining below 3%. In the subsequent study, a total of 316 clinical samples of porcine with respiratory and reproductive failure symptoms were collected from 14 cities in Guangdong. The results showed that among these samples, 22.78% (72 out of 316) tested positive for PRRSV-2, 15.51% (49 out of 316) tested positive for HP-PRRSV, and 0.95% (3 out of 316) tested positive for NL-PRRSV. However, PRRSV-1 was not detected in any of the samples.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our method provides a quick way to identify PRRSV genotypes in pig herds in Guangdong, which has certain significance for developing effective vaccination strategies against PRRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1495128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade agents and survival to discharge in dogs undergoing mechanical ventilation: a multi-center retrospective study of 227 dogs (2010-2020).","authors":"Lena Ngo, Rebecca Walton, Jacob Wolf, Nyssa Levy, Tasia Ludwik, Britt Thevelein, April Blong, Jiazhang Cai, Jonathan Mochel","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1539138","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1539138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between neuromuscular blockade agent (NMBA) use and outcome in dogs undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV), including survival to discharge, and complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records for 227 mechanically ventilated dogs were reviewed for NMBA use, parameters of respiratory status (PaO₂, PCO₂, PF ratio, SpO₂), MV settings, MV complications, and survival outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NMBA and non-NMBA groups included 28 and 199 dogs, respectively. The median partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO₂) in the NMBA and non-NMBA groups were 63 and 57 mmHg, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.24). The median partial pressures of blood carbon dioxide levels were 58 and 51 mmHg, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.07). The pulse oximetry percentage (SpO₂) prior to initiation of MV were 88 and 94%, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The median PF ratios prior to MV were 90 and 215, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The median durations of MV were 18 and 24 h, respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.32). Eight (28.6%) dogs that received NMBAs survived to discharge, while 51 dogs (32.3%) that did not receive NMBAs survived to discharge (<i>P</i> = 0.87). Both PF ratio and SpO₂ values were significantly lower in dogs that received NMBAs compared to dogs that did not (<i>P</i> = 0.02 and <i>P</i> = 0.02, respectively). There was no significant difference in tidal volume or peak inspiratory pressure at the time of MV initiation (<i>P</i> = 0.17 and <i>P</i> = 0.09, respectively). There was no significant difference between the incidence of complications in dogs that received NMBAs and those that did not (<i>P</i> = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed no statistical significance between NMBA use and survival or complications. However, dogs in the NMBA group likely had more severe hypoxemia than the non-NMBA group, as indicated by their lower PF ratios and SPO₂ values prior to initiation of mechanical ventilation. The similarities in survival rate between the NMBA and non-NMBA patient populations, despite higher severity of respiratory pathology in the NMBA group, may suggest a potential therapeutic benefit to NMBA use for MV patients. Further investigation into the use of NMBAs in patients undergoing MV are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1539138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sow reproductive disorders: a key issue affecting the pig industry.","authors":"Yihan Wang, Youshun Jin, Yanyan Wang, Yunhui Li, Xiaoxue Wang, Zhaocai Li, Jizhang Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1535719","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1535719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pig farming is essential to global agricultural economies and food security. However, reproductive disorders in sows significantly impact the economic viability and sustainability of the pig industry. These disorders often result from complex interactions between pathogenic and non-pathogenic factors. Preventing abortions is typically more cost-effective than managing and treating them, particularly in intensive pig farming system. This highlights the importance of comprehensively understanding the underlying causes of abortion in sows. This review explores the factors contributing to sow reproductive disorders, including both non-infectious factors (environmental conditions and management practices) and infectious factors (viruses, bacteria, and parasites). We also outline preventive and control strategies, alongside integrated management approaches, by analyzing the underlying causes and pathogenic mechanisms of pregnancy disorders. Overall, implementing the \"One Health\" concept in large-scale farming provides an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of sow abortion rate, ensure stable livestock production, and maintain a reliable global pork supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1535719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of diagnostic biomarkers of and immune cell infiltration analysis in bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Hui Sheng, Junxing Zhang, Xiaodi Shi, Long Zhang, Dawei Yao, Peipei Zhang, Yupeng Li, Jinlong Zhang, Xiaofei Guo, Xiaosheng Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556676","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1556676","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a prevalent and costly condition in the cattle industry, impacting long-term productivity, antibioticusage, and global food safety. Thus, identifying reliable biomarkers for BRD is crucial for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and monitoring therapeutic outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with BRD by analyzing a blood RNA-seq expression dataset associated with BRD, and conducted a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) approach enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation analysis on these DEGs. Meanwhile, the key modules related to BRD were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the genes in the module were intersected with DEGs. Subequently, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) analysis were employed to identify potential biomarkers. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of the identified biomarkers, and their diagnostic significance was assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In addition, immune cell infiltration in BRD was evaluated using the CIBERSORT algorithm and the correlation between biomarkers and immune cell infiltration was analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that a total of 1,097 DEG were screened. GO and KEGG analysis showed that DEGs was mainly enriched in inflammatory response, defense response, Complement and coagulation cascades and Antigen processing and presentation pathways. WGCNA analysis determined that the cyan module had the highest correlation with BRD. A total of 833 overlapping genes were identified through Venn analysis of the differential and WGCNA results. Lasso and RF analyses identified five potential biomarkers for BRD. RT-qPCR testing and data set analysis showed that the expression levels of these five potential biomarkers in nasal mucus and blood of BRD cattle were significantly higher than those of healthy cattle. In addition, ROC curve analysis showed that potential biomarkers had high diagnostic value. GSEA analysis revealed that potential biomarkers are mainly involved in Neutrophil extracellular trap formation, Complement and coagulation cascades, T cell receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and IL-17 signaling pathway. The results from the CIBERSORT algorithm demonstrated a significant difference in immune cell composition between the BRD group and the healthy group, indicating that the diagnostic biomarkers were closely associated with immune cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study identified ADGRG3, CDKN1A, CA4, GGT5, and SLC26A8 as potential diagnostic markers for BRD, providing significant insights for the development of new immunotherapy tar","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1556676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of high proviral load on milk production, reproduction and subclinical diseases in dairy cows infected with bovine leukemia virus.","authors":"Simon Bourassi, Shawn McKenna, Greg Keefe, Emily John, John VanLeeuwen, Emilia Bourassi, J Trenton McClure","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1522089","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1522089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) prevalence remains high in dairy cattle in North America. Quantifying the proviral load (PVL) in BLV-positive cows can be used to control this disease in herds where BLV is prevalent by focusing culling of high PVL animals to reduce the risk of transmission. The impact of high BLV PVL on dairy cows' performance is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of high PVL status on milk production, occurrence of subclinical ketosis or mastitis, or fertility in BLV-infected cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five herds from the three Maritime provinces in Atlantic Canada were enrolled in this study. BLV infected cows were first identified by individual milk or serum testing. A validated quantitative qPCR was used to quantify the PVL in cows with positive BLV antibody results. Parity, 305-day milk production, annual geometric average somatic cell count, fat-to-protein ratio in milk on the first test post-calving, days in milk at first service, and calving-to-conception interval were collected from DairyComp305 software. Two-level mixed multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between BLV PVL and milk production, subclinical mastitis and ketosis and reproduction performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High PVL was strongly associated with reduced milk production (387 kg and 431 kg) and reproduction performance (calving-to-conception interval lengthened by 50 days and 49 days), and higher odds of subclinical mastitis (Odds ratio = 2.38 and 2.48), when compared to BLVpositive cows with a low PVL and BLV-negative cows, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results support implementing a control program to prioritize culling high PVL cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1522089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of bluetongue virus infection in sheep and goats in West Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Adem Beyan, Wassie Molla, Adugna Berju Molla, Mastewal Birhan, Saddam Mohammed Ibrahim, Bereket Dessalegn, Ambaye Kenubih, Abebe Tesfaye Gessese, Mebrie Zemene Kinde, Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw, Melkie Dagnaw Fenta, Hana Tesfaye, Takele Tesgera, Liyuwork Tesfaw, Habtamu Abesha, Zewdu Seyoum Tarekegn, Haileyesus Dejene, Molalegne Bitew","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1565624","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1565624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bluetongue is a non-contagious arthropod-borne viral disease that affects ruminants. No investigations have yet been conducted to ascertain the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bluetongue in Northwest Ethiopia. It is essential to determine the seroprevalence and correlated risk elements to formulate an effective strategy for preventing and surveillance of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out between February 2023 and May 2023 to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Bluetongue virus (BTV) in sheep and goats in the selected districts of West Gondar zone. A multistage cluster sampling technique was employed, with zones and districts purposively selected, and kebeles within these districts chosen through simple random sampling. Villages were treated as clusters. A total of 444 blood specimens were collected from the sheep and goats and subsequently tested for BTV antibodies using a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. A mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to evaluate the relationship between Bluetongue virus seropositivity and potential risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall seroprevalence rate at the individual animal level was 84.5% (95% CI: 81.09-87.82). The seroprevalence in sheep and goats was 83.8% (257/308) and 86.8% (118/136), respectively. Species and age were significant risk factors for BTV seropositivity in the study area (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Adult and older sheep and goats exhibited 3.49 (95% CI: 1.90-6.41) and 25.95 (95% CI: 9.45-71.28) times higher seroprevalence with the bluetongue virus in comparison to their younger counterparts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, the current findings showed that BTV is highly prevalent. The specific circulating BTV serotypes and the temporal pattern of Bluetongue in the study area remain unknown, necessitating further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1565624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How facial expressions reveal acute pain in domestic animals with facial pain scales as a diagnostic tool.","authors":"Daniel Mota-Rojas, Alexandra L Whittaker, Genaro A Coria-Avila, Julio Martínez-Burnes, Patricia Mora-Medina, Adriana Domínguez-Oliva, Ismael Hernández-Avalos, Adriana Olmos-Hernández, Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza, Alejandro Casas-Alvarado, Temple Grandin","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1546719","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1546719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing interest in managing and recognizing pain in animals has led to the search for more sensitive methods to evaluate it, especially because some species conceal any visible changes associated with pain or are not easily assessed. Research has shown that an animal's facial expression changes when exposed to painful stimuli. Thus, developing several pain scales (grimace scales) in species such as horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, donkeys, rabbits, rats, mice, and cats has helped to improve the study of pain in veterinary medicine. The possibility of using facial expression as an indicator of pain is due to the direct relationship between the activation of different regions of the Central Nervous System such as the somatosensory cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, and their connections with the motor cortex to elicit motor responses including the movement of facial muscles. The present review aims to discuss the neurobiological association between acute pain and facial expressions in animals. It will analyze the importance of facial expression characterization and the use of grimace scales in farm, companion, and laboratory species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1546719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid quantification and PK-PD modeling of rocuronium bromide in beagles using portable mass spectrometer.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Deying Gong, Wensheng Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1543086","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1543086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring rocuronium bromide (Rocur) concentrations is crucial for assessing muscle relaxation in clinical anesthesia. However, no suitable instruments are currently available. This study explores the application of a portable mass spectrometer (MS) for the rapid detection of Rocur concentrations in whole blood from beagles, aiming to support the development of individualized pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models. Four beagles (1-1.5 years old, 8-12 kg) received a single intravenous dose of Rocur (3 ED₅₀, 0.748 mg/kg). Neuromuscular monitoring was conducted using the train of four (TOF) ratio. Blood samples (0.1 mL) were collected at predetermined intervals and during recovery, with TOF ratios recorded at corresponding time points. Rocur concentrations in whole blood (C_b-Rocur) were quantified using both the Cell portable MS and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for consistency assessment. Additionally, a PK-PD model was developed based on C_b-Rocur measurements obtained from the Cell portable MS. A strong linear relationship was observed for Cell portable MS measurements within the range of 50-10,000 ng/mL (<i>y</i> = 1108.32 * <i>x</i> + 14873.99, <i>R</i> ² = 0.993), with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 50 ng/mL and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 ng/mL. A strong linear correlation was found between the two techniques (<i>y</i> = 1.07 * <i>x</i> + 30.08, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, <i>R</i> ² = 0.8948), with a relative standard deviation <15% for all concentrations. The C_max values were 4.52 ± 1.16 μg/mL (Cell portable MS) and 4.89 ± 0.52 μg/mL (HPLC-MS), respectively. As C_b-Rocur decreased, the TOF ratio gradually recovered, with an IC₅₀ of 0.25 ± 0.05 μg/mL. This study successfully applied the Cell portable MS for rapid quantitative Rocur analysis in whole blood, demonstrating high consistency with HPLC-MS. The findings also revealed the good correlation between the PK-PD properties of Rocur and TOF effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1543086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing Ontario dairy veterinarians' management and care of down dairy cows.","authors":"John E Brindle, David L Renaud, Derek B Haley, Todd F Duffield, Charlotte B Winder","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1519284","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1519284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study assessed what management practices veterinarians recommended for down dairy cows in Ontario, Canada, and identified factors influencing producers' adoption of protocols. An online survey about veterinary involvement in down cow management was available between February and May 2021, distributed by email through the Ontario Association of Bovine Practitioners (OABP). A total of 48 Ontario bovine veterinarians responded (26.8% response rate). Gender distribution was even between those identifying as male or female (50%), and the majority of respondents were between 30 to 39 years old. Veterinarians most commonly suggested housing down dairy cows in individual pens (40.7%), followed by pasture (29.6%), special pens for three or fewer animals (26%), and special pens for four or more animals (3.7%). Regarding spacing allowance for a down dairy cow, many veterinarians suggested 11.1 (120) to 23.2 (120-250 square feet) square meters (53.3%) per cow. Recommendations for moving down dairy cows included using a sled (62.5%), stone boat (56.3%), front-end loader bucket (45.8%), wheeled cart (20.8%), and hip-lifter (2.1%). For lifting down dairy cows, recommendations included using multiband slings (56.2%), hip lifters (43.8%), floatation tanks (25.0%), single belly slings (14.6%), ropes (4.2%), and hip lifters with additional straps (2.1%). A multivariable linear regression model identified key factors associated with the recommended time to assist a down cow to stand. Specifically, veterinarians who spent over 90% of their working hours annually with dairy cattle recommended assisting cows 14.1 h earlier than those who spent less than 85% of their time working with dairy cattle. Additionally, larger clinics advised waiting 12.4 h longer compared to smaller clinics, and veterinarians who recommended waiting 12-24 h before calling a veterinarian suggested assisting cows 13.8 h later than those recommending a wait of less than 7 h. Implementing a more consistent, evidence-based approach by veterinarians could enhance the care of down dairy cows and support the broader objective of improving management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1519284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}