Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"<i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> extract (main components: chlorogenic acid and its analogues) as a new safe feed additive: evaluation of acute toxicity, sub chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, and teratogenicity.","authors":"Yuting Li, Liping Zhu, Dongsheng He, Ling Fang, Yajing Li, Shusheng Tang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1646665","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1646665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> extract (SREC), primarily composed of chlorogenic acid and its analogues, is a promising feed additive with potential benefits for livestock performance, gut health, and antioxidant capacity. However, its safety evaluation has not been comprehensively studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The safety of SREC was assessed through a series of tests, including acute oral toxicity in mice and rats, a 90-day subchronic toxicity test in rats, genotoxicity assays (Ames test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, and mouse sperm abnormality test), and teratogenicity evaluation in pregnant rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The acute oral toxicity test indicated that the LD₅₀ of SREC in mice and rats was greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight. In the 90-day subchronic toxicity test, SREC was non-toxic at doses up to 50,000 mg/kg in feed. The Ames test showed no mutagenic effects on <i>Salmonella typhimurium strains</i> TA₉₇, TA₉₈, TA₁₀₀, and TA₁₀₂. No genotoxicity was observed in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test or the sperm abnormality test, with no significant differences compared to controls (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Similarly, no teratogenic effects were found in pregnant rats, with normal embryonic development across treatment and control groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>SREC exhibited low toxicity in both acute and subchronic tests, and no evidence of genotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed. These findings suggest that SREC is safe as a potential feed additive and provide valuable reference data for its safety evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1646665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> transmission in an ecological context-the contribution of wild avian species from urban environments.","authors":"Aleksandra Penezić, Aleksandra Uzelac, Katarina Breka, Stanislav Simin, Kristijan Ovari, Ilija Pantelić, Vladimir Ćirković, Duško Ćirović, Ivana Klun","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634254","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The role of avians in the transmission chain of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, a zoonotic coccidian parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa, is as intermediate hosts. However, the true contribution and significance of wild species in the maintenance and spread of the parasite in different ecosystems is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, heart tissue of 224 individual birds, representing 15 common wild species, and one domestic, <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> (backyard chickens), was collected. Total nucleic acids were extracted and the presence of <i>T. gondii</i> gDNA was ascertained by amplification of the 529 bp repeat element.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infection was detected in 24.1% of the wild birds and in 41.4% of backyard chickens. The occurrence of infection in wild species did not statistically differ by diet or among urban (22.4%), peri-urban (27.3%) and rural areas (22.7%); in contrast, a statistically significant difference was observed between peri-urban (21%) and rural (80%) backyard chickens. Among the 11 city dwelling species, wood pigeons (<i>Columba palumbus</i>), rooks (<i>Corvus frugilegus</i>) and hooded crows (<i>Corvus cornix</i>) were the most numerous. The frequency of infection in the two corvid species was 32.1% and 31.6% in rooks and hooded crows, respectively, and 15.6% in wood pigeons, suggesting that corvids may be good bioindicators for the parasite in cities. As the majority (84%) of the city dwelling birds originated from a single residential area, possible local natural reservoirs of <i>T. gondii</i>, rodents and water, were analyzed additionally. Of the 16 rodents, 56.2% were infected, while three out of four samples of river water harbored <i>T. gondii</i> gDNA, indicating a fairly high probability of exposure to the parasite.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Collectively, our findings show that diet may not be a primary risk for <i>T. gondii</i> infection. Instead, the importance of understanding prevalence in birds in an ecological context and the contribution of environmental factors in different habitats are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1634254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanisms of zinc sulfate in inhibiting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication: attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.","authors":"Huizhen Yang, Chengzi Zhang, Qianfan Li, Zixuan Wu, Na Sun, Wei Yin, Kuohai Fan, Hongquan Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1663508","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1663508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of zinc sulfate against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through transcriptomic data and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initially, the expression of PRRSV N gene and protein were quantified using qPCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to analyze global gene expression changes in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells treated with zinc sulfate. Transcriptomic data were subjected to bioinformatic analyses, including Venn diagram assessments, protein-protein interaction network construction using the STRING database, and identification of hub genes via Cytoscape 3.10.0. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways were performed using R (v4.4.3). Subsequently, oxidative stress parameters in PRRSV-infected Marc-145 cells treated with zinc sulfate were detected using biochemical assays. The modulatory effects of zinc sulfate on inflammatory response and apoptosis were evaluated through qPCR and western blot, measuring the expression of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-10), apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2), and key components of the NF-κB pathway. Finally, flow cytometry was employed to assess cellular apoptosis rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result demonstrated that zinc sulfate significantly suppressed PRRSV replication. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to the PRRSV-infected group, there were 14 upregulated and 50 downregulated targets in zinc sulfate treatment group. Among these, ten core downregulated and upregulated targets were well enriched in the inflammation and apoptosis pathways, respectively. The experimental verification results demonstrated that compared to the PRRSV-infected group, zinc sulfate treatment significantly diminished intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while elevating the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It also suppressed the expression of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-<i>α</i>, while upregulating IL-10 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition to, it also upregulated the phosphorylation levels of IκBα and p65 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and decreased the expression of Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-3, Bax, while enhancing Bcl-2 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Simultaneously, flow cytometry analysis further confirmed that zinc sulfate substantially attenuated late-stage and overall apoptosis rates in PRRSV-infected cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results implied that zinc sulfate restricted oxidative stress, diminished inflammatory response and induced apoptotic suppression to confer protection against PRRSV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1663508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic appearance of laryngeal lesions in 7 dogs.","authors":"Anna Slusarek, Annick Hamaide, Michaël Lefebvre, Marianne Heimann, Frédéric Billen, Géraldine Bolen","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1633591","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1633591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of neoplastic and inflammatory laryngeal masses. The authors hypothesized that specific CT features may help differentiate between these two origins and that regional lymph nodes would be larger in cases of laryngeal neoplasia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from two veterinary referral hospitals were screened for dogs diagnosed with either an inflammatory or neoplastic laryngeal mass who underwent CT scans of the neck. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, physical examination findings, CT scan findings, and definitive diagnosis of the laryngeal mass based on cytological or histopathological results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four dogs had laboratory reports compatible with a malignant neoplasia and three with an inflammatory process. The shape of the mass was defined as \"ovoid\" in all neoplastic masses and as \"thickening\" in cases of inflammatory processes. Masses were of various sizes (median length: 42 mm, range: 26-82 mm) and either unilateral (1/4 and 2/3 of neoplastic and inflammatory masses respectively) or bilateral. They were described as mineralized (1/4 and 1/3) and as having either an internal (1/4), external (2/4) growth pattern or both (1/4, 3/3). All masses had ill-defined margins and showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement. Two neoplastic and two inflammatory masses had a cavitary aspect. All but one case were associated with regional lymphadenopathy. Thyroid cartilage destruction was observed with two neoplastic and two inflammatory masses.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This case series describes CT features of laryngeal masses. The shape of the laryngeal mass may assist in determining its nature, inflammatory process was defined as \"thickening\" of the larynx and neoplasia as \"ovoid\"-shaped, whereas other studied features were inconsistently observed in both neoplastic and inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1633591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in serology and molecular biology of equine parasite diagnosis: sustainable control strategies.","authors":"Tengyu Wang, Xindi Chen, Xu Yan, Ya Su, Wa Gao, Chunxia Liu, Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1663577","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1663577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Internal parasitic infections are a persistent challenge for horse owners, in the absence of effective vaccines and the growing challenge of drug resistance, leading many researchers to view current control strategies as unsustainable. Despite slow progress over the past two decades, effective parasitic diagnosis remains crucial for controlling infections and preventing the growing issue of drug resistance. This review examines the research progress in serological and molecular biological diagnostic methods for major equine parasites. Currently, most diagnostic techniques are based on genes such as ITS1, ITS2, COI, and IGS, which have been applied to equine strongylids, including <i>Strongylus</i> spp., <i>Cylicocyclus</i> spp., and <i>Cylicostephanus</i> spp. These methods are particularly suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies and rapid species identification. Although many diagnostic methods have been developed, most remain confined to laboratory research and have seldom been used for real-time field diagnostics. Future research should prioritize precise diagnostic methods and clinically applicable alternatives. Additionally, whole genome sequencing has been widely used in eukaryotes for population genetics and the development of diagnostic markers. However, comprehensive genomic data on parasitic species infecting equines is still limited. With the decrease in sequencing costs in the post-genomic era, a growing number of genome assemblies are expected to be released soon. These genome maps will offer comprehensive genomic data to identify specific genetic markers and variations associated with parasitic infections, enabling more accurate and reliable diagnostic techniques. High-throughput sequencing technologies will significantly accelerate progress in equine parasitology research and the development of diagnostic tools like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR). At the same time, this paper also provides some insights into the research direction of sustainable control programs and equine parasite diagnostic methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1663577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired immunity mechanisms in sheep infected with <i>Nematodirus oiratianus</i>: key genes and host responses.","authors":"Bin Hou, Rina Su, Dalai Suyala, Li Xu, Ruiyuan Zhao, Puguo Hao, Yali Wang, Fei Mao, Bo Wu, Xuedong Ding, Runqing Han, Xuesong Peng, Risu Na, Yihong Hao, Qimuge Bainuwen, Xiaojia Mu, Surong Hasi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1643786","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1643786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections poses a major challenge in intensive farming, worsened by rising anthelmintic resistance. Developing innovative control strategies is critical. Sheep acquired immunity to <i>Nematodirus oiratianus</i> offers a valuable model for dissecting host-nematode interactions, though underlying immune mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed multi-omics analyses (transcriptome and proteome) of lamb duodenum across infection stages, validated by RT-qPCR, iELISA, histopathological staining (HE), and electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Infection triggered early immune activation mediated by intestinal epithelial cells. Key differentially expressed genes included <i>CLDN18</i>, <i>CCL19</i>, <i>FGB</i>, and <i>Muc5ac</i>, potentially linking to parasite expulsion. Early-stage pathway enrichment in cancer, chemokine signaling, and phagosome function enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and immune cell recruitment. Late-stage upregulation of <i>CCL</i> chemokines directly impacted nematode survival. Intestinal villi shedding was also correlated with parasite clearance. These findings unravel potential mechanisms of acquired immunity against <i>Nematodirus oiratianus</i>, highlighting novel therapeutic targets (e.g., epithelial barrier regulators, chemokine networks) and vaccine candidates for nematode control in livestock.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1643786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145112893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of two novel viruses in Tibetan pigs with porcine diarrheal disease on the Tibetan plateau of southwest China.","authors":"Haohao Lu, Min Zhang, Danjiao Yang, Xue Gao, Shuo Feng, Yiwen Pei, Zhidong Zhang, Long Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1654388","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1654388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine diarrheal disease is a major cause of morbidity in Tibetan piglets, however, the causative agents of this disease are rarely reported. Here, the viral diversity associated with porcine diarrheal disease was investigated by analyzing the viral communities from Tibetan pigs on the Tibetan plateau of southwest China. The results revealed that 13 mammalian viruses were identified in a pooled sample. Interestingly, it is the first time that dicistrovirus (DCV) was discovered in pigs and St-Valerien-like virus (StVV) was identified in China. Furthermore, the complete genome sequence of the two strains (DCV/porcine/CHN/SCdc-2024 and StVV/porcine/CHN/SCdc-202402) were obtained. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that the swine-origin DCV/porcine/CHN/SCdc-2024 strain was classified into the family <i>Dicistroviridae</i> with an unassigned genus, and showed distant relationship with other dicistrovirus strains in established genera, may represent members of a potential new genera within the <i>Dicistroviridae</i> family. Additionally, the novel StVV strain StVV/porcine/CHN/SCdc-202402 was classified into the <i>Valovirus</i>, whereas showed a unique phylogenetic branch compared with other swine-origin StVV strains. Notably, further case-control investigation in the 87 fecal samples using specific RT-PCR found a high DCV-positive detection rate (77.8%) in diarrheic samples with a significant <i>p</i> value (< 0.0001), suggesting the DCV might associated with diarrhea in pigs. Our study reports for the first time the emergence of DCV in pigs and StVV in China, highlighting the need for further research on pathogenicity and transmission in swine hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1654388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tocilizumab binds to canine IL-6 receptor and elicits <i>in-vitro</i> inhibitory biological response.","authors":"Yael Merbl, Jesus M Lopez Baltazar, Michael Byron, Sarah K C Chan, Jacqueline J Ehrlich, Qiuming Yu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1645414","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1645414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tocilizumab (TCZ) is an immunosuppressive drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Molecularly, it is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), blocking its inflammatory pathway with the IL-6 protein. A previous study has looked at the safety of topical TCZ as eye drops in dogs, however, no studies have tested its potential use in canine diseases based on species antibody differences.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>(1) To assess the biological inhibitory effect of TCZ on canine macrophages <i>in vitro</i> (<i>n</i> = 3), the median fluorescence intensity of phospho-STAT3 (Y705) was determined using flow cytometry and compared to the inhibitory effect of human macrophages (<i>n</i> = 2). (2) To try and characterize the receptor region of interest in the canine IL-6R, homology modeling was performed using the MODELLER 10.4 software. (3) To investigate the real-time ligand-binding affinity and kinetic parameters for canine IL-6R with TCZ, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy was used, and results were compared to the human IL-6R interaction with TCZ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results confirm binding of TCZ with canine IL-6R. In comparison, canine IL-6R binds two orders of magnitude less than human IL-6R in its dissociation constant. Canine cell culture required a higher concentration of TCZ compared to human cell culture to produce a similar inhibitory effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical significance: </strong>The binding of TCZ to canine IL-6R resulting in a biological response is a specific example of the new possibilities to harness humanized mAb for canine diseases. TCZ may not be a feasible treatment due to the binding affinity and the high concentrations needed. However, future studies should explore potential suitable human mAb for treating canine autoimmune diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1645414"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary resveratrol and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric acid enhance flavor and modulate intramuscular fat in Tibetan sheep: insights from transcriptomics and lipidomics.","authors":"Xuan Chen, Qiurong Ji, Zhenling Wu, Fengshuo Zhang, Quyangangmao Su, Tingli He, Kaina Zhu, Shengzhen Hou, Linsheng Gui","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634086","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1634086","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This study investigated the effects of dietary resveratrol (RES) and β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) on immune function, oxidative status, and morphological changes in intermuscular fat of Tibetan sheep. Previous research suggests that RES and HMB may enhance muscle quality and lipid metabolism, but their combined effects on meat flavor, fatty acid composition, and underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we employed transcriptomics and lipid metabolomics to explore how RES and HMB synergistically regulate key signaling pathways and lipid metabolites to improve meat quality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 120 male Tibetan lambs with similar initial body weight (15.5 ± 0.14 kg) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30 per group): 1) H group (basal diet without RES or HMB); 2) H-RES group (1.5 g/day RES); 3) H-HMB group (1.25 g/day HMB); and 4) H-RES-HMB group (1.5 g/day RES + 1.25 g/day HMB). The experiment lasted 100 days, including a 10-day pre-test period and a 90-day formal trial. Intermuscular fat morphology, fatty acid composition, and flavor compounds were analyzed. Transcriptomic and lipid metabolomic approaches were used to identify differentially expressed genes and lipid metabolites, followed by pathway enrichment analysis to elucidate regulatory mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The H-RES-HMB group exhibited significantly reduced intermuscular adipocyte area and diameter (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) but increased cell density. Among medium- and long-chain fatty acids, the H-RES-HMB group showed significantly decreased SFAs (C17:0 and C18:0) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and significantly increased MUFAs (C15:1N5 and C18:1N9) and PUFAs (C18:2N6, C18:3N6, C18:3N3, C20:3N6, and C20:3N3) (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Additionally, flavor compounds such as 2-Hexanone, 3-Hexanone, 3-Pentanone, and Methyl acetate were significantly elevated in the H-RES-HMB group (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that RES and HMB synergistically regulated the Calcium (&lt;i&gt;ERBB4&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P2RX7&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ERBB3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;P2RX3&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;SLC8A1&lt;/i&gt;), Hippo (&lt;i&gt;WNT9A&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;WNT10B&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;WNT6&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;WNT2B&lt;/i&gt;), Estrogen (&lt;i&gt;HSP90AA1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TGFA&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;RARA&lt;/i&gt;), and Arachidonic acid (&lt;i&gt;PLA2G4A&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ALOX12&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;PTGDS&lt;/i&gt;) signaling pathways, collectively promoting muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, Metabolomics identified key lipid molecules (LPC(20:0/20:1), PC(21:2/37:0/38:5)) and pathways (Glycerophospholipid, Arachidonic acid metabolism) contributing to flavor optimization. Integrated analysis highlighted the &lt;i&gt;PLA2G4A&lt;/i&gt;-AA-&lt;i&gt;ALOX12&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;PTGDS&lt;/i&gt; axis as a central hub for flavor regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings demonstrate that RES and HMB synergistically improve meat quality by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. The reduction in SFAs and increase in MUFAs/PUFAs align with enhanced nutritional value, while elevat","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1634086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review: genotypic and phenotypic resistance of fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in livestock in South America (2020-2024).","authors":"Stefany Barrientos-Villegas, María Isabel García-Álvarez, Juana L Vidal, Luis M Gómez-Osorio, Sara López-Osorio, Jenny J Chaparro-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1614486","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1614486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the frequency of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from production animals (pigs, poultry, cattle) and rodents in South America between 2020 and 2024, with the goal of providing key information on resistance in these countries for public health and food safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Latindex. Studies on <i>Salmonella</i> spp. resistant to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in production animals, meat products, and rodents in South America during 2020-2024 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 83 initial results, 27 studies were selected. 70.4% of the studies were conducted in Brazil. 88% of the studies (<i>n</i> = 24/27) used phenotypic methods, with the disk diffusion technique being the most common. Ciprofloxacin was the most studied antibiotic, with an overall resistance of 32.5%, followed by nalidixic acid (60.6%) and enrofloxacin (23.7%). The average multidrug resistance (MDR) was 62%. 44% of the studies (<i>n</i> = 12/27) employed genotypic methods, with whole genome sequencing (WGS) being the most notable technique. Mutations were reported in <i>parC</i> (58%), <i>gyrA</i> (50%), <i>gyrB</i> (8%), and the presence of <i>qnr</i> genes (75%) and <i>aac(6')-Ib-cr</i> (8%). No studies on rodents were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in South America endangers public health and food safety. To address antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and control measures must be implemented, regional research should be promoted, and stronger restrictions should be enforced.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1614486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}