Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Niacin alters ruminal microbial composition and metabolites in sheep fed a high-concentrate diet.","authors":"Zhiqiang Cheng, Jiancheng Liu, Yingying Yu, Wentao Liu, Xiaobin Li, Fengming Li, Changjiang Zang, Kailun Yang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1510617","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1510617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of niacin supplementation to a high-concentrate diet (ratio of concentrate supplement to forage = 70:30) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, rumen microbiota, and metabolomics of sheep. Twelve sheep were randomly divided into two groups: (1) a control group (CON, <i>n</i> = 6) fed a basal diet and (2) a niacin group (NA, <i>n</i> = 6) fed a basal diet supplemented with 130 mg/day niacin for 35 days: days 1-14 were the adaptation period, days 15-35 were the experiment period. On days 15 and 35 of the experiment period, all trial sheep were weighed before the morning feed (07:30 am). Ruminal fluid samples were collected from all trial sheep on days 34 and 35. The results showed that (1) the dry matter feed intake of the NA group was higher than that of the CON group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). (2) The ruminal pH of the NA was significantly higher than that of the CON group at 3, 5, and 7 h after feeding (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>-N (<i>p</i> < 0.01), propionate (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and butyrate (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the NA group were significantly higher than those in the CON group. (3) Compared to the CON group, the ruminal pyruvate content in the NA group was significantly increased at 0 h before feeding (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and lactic acid (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 h after feeding, lactate dehydrogenase activities was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) at 3 and 5 h after feeding. (4) The number of specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the CON and NA groups were 26 and 37, respectively, for a total of 1,178 OTUs; principal coordinate analysis (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.172, <i>p</i>-value = 0.007) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (stress = 0.1646) results showed that the two groups of samples were significantly separated. (5) The species distribution bar graph shows that at the phylum level, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were 43.70, 36.25, and 12.77%, respectively. (6) Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis results showed that the two groups of samples were clearly separated in the positive and negative ionization modes, with <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> <i>Y</i> and <i>Q</i> <sup>2</sup> <i>Y</i> values of 0.705, 0.857, 0.695, and 0.28, respectively. There were 72 metabolic pathways, mainly citric acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. (7) Correlation analysis showed that a number of microorganisms (such as <i>Succinivibrio</i> and <i>Prevotella</i>) and differential metabolites (such as L-malic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, and pyruvic acid) participated in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. In summary, supplementing niacin to high-concentrate diets can significantly improve the growth performance of sheep, improve rumen fermentation and the rumen microbial community structure, and affect rumen metabolites, thus al","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1510617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between follicle diameter and pre-ovulatory metabolic profile in <i>Bos grunniens</i>.","authors":"Jiuru Yan, Yuxin Fu, Lan Lan, Huizhu Zhang, Ling Huang, Yaying Wang, Xianrong Xiong, Shi Yin, Jian Li, Honghong He","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1498703","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1498703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we investigated the metabolic profiles of yak (<i>Bos grunniens</i>) follicles during the development period from the perspective of metabolomics, aiming to screen out the differential metabolites of yak follicles in different sizes and potential pathways during yak follicle development and to provide a basis for the study of follicle development and developmental mechanisms in the further stage of development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 20 four-year-old female yaks were selected, and follicles of different sizes were collected after slaughter and divided into d < 3 mm, 3-6 mm and d > 6 mm. The follicular fluid was collected, 6 replicates per group and subjected to LC-MS assay, combined with multidimensional and unidimensional statistical analyses to screen the differential metabolites between follicles of different sizes. Differential metabolites enriched KEGG pathways to screen the pathways that might be related to follicle development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that most of the metabolites were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism pathways, energy metabolism pathways and other pathways of cofactor synthesis, and that during the development of the small follicle to the large follicle, 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine, PC (17:0/0:0), PC (16:0/0:0), and LysoPC (18:0/0:0) were down-regulated; Dioctyl succinate, P-Coumaraldehyde, ISOPRENE, L-Isoleucine, Dioctyl succinate up-regulated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that amino acid metabolism, the production of steroid hormones and their metabolites, and the metabolic activity of granulosa cells play important roles in follicle development. The results provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of follicular development in yak.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1498703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early embryonic thermal programming and post-hatch flavonoid (<i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>) supplementation enhanced immune response markers in broiler chickens.","authors":"Sadid Al Amaz, Md Ahosanul Haque Shahid, Rajesh Jha, Birendra Mishra","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1537116","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1537116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genetic selection in broiler chickens has led to increased muscle mass without comparable respiratory and cardiovascular system development, limiting the birds' capacity to withstand high ambient temperatures and making them vulnerable to heat stress (HS). Early embryonic Thermal Manipulation (TM) has been suggested as an effective and sustainable way to mitigate the adverse effects of HS. This study investigated how these interventions influenced the immune status of broiler chickens exposed to HS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cobb 500 fertile eggs (<i>n</i> = 600) were incubated according to guidelines. On embryonic day (ED) 12, the eggs were split into two groups: (1) Control, kept at standard temperature until hatch day (ED 21) and (2) Thermal Manipulation (TM), exposed to 38.5°C with 55% humidity for 12 h daily from ED 12 to ED 18. After hatching, chicks were divided into (1) Control, (2) TM, (3) Control under Heat Stress (CHS), (4) TM under Heat Stress (TMHS), (5) Control with Heat Stress and Supplementation (CHSS), and (6) TM with Heat Stress and Supplementation (TMHSS). For the first 21 days, all chicks were raised under normal conditions. From day 22 to day 35, groups CHS, TMHS, CHSS, and TMHSS experienced chronic heat stress (32-33°C for 8 h daily), while the Control and TM groups remained in a thermoneutral environment (22-24°C).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>TM significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) <i>AvBD11, IL4,</i> and <i>TLR21</i> expression in the spleen. TM and baicalein supplementation significantly decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>TLR15</i> expression. In the bursa, TM significantly increased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>IL4</i> expression. The combination of TM with baicalein significantly increased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>CD3</i> and decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>TLR1</i> expression. Interestingly, TM alone significantly decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>IFNg</i> expression under HS condition. In the thymus, TM significantly decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>IL10</i> and <i>TLR15</i>, while incorporating baicalein with TM decreased (<i>p <</i> 0.05) <i>AvBD6</i> expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TM improved the immune status of broiler chickens under normal conditions. When combined with baicalein, TM mitigated the negative effects of heat stress by boosting key immune-related gene expression in the spleen, bursa, and thymus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1537116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11810927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of play on heart rate variability as a measure of positive emotional states in pigs.","authors":"Karolína Steinerová, Annika Krause, Sarah E Parker, Yolande M Seddon","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1518153","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1518153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Play behaviour has been suggested to be inherently rewarding for animals, inducing positive emotional states. The psychophysiological effect of emotions can be assessed through heart rate variability (HRV), serving as a proxy measure of sympathovagal balance. This study investigated how the performance of play influences heart rate (HR) and HRV parameters (RMSSD, SDNN) in pigs. It was hypothesized that HRV would increase during and immediately after play due to predominant vagal activation compared to baseline, indicating a positive emotional state. Gilts (<i>n</i> = 32, 18 and 19 weeks of age), housed in standard partly-slatted pens, were selected from two pen-level play treatments: Novelty (NOV) and Play Pen (PLP). Play treatment pigs were reared with intermittent play promotion (3x/week) from 10 weeks of age. For HRV recordings, play was promoted for 15-min in pairs of gilts within treatment, with destructible novel objects given either in the home pen (NOV, 1 m²/pig), or in an enclosed 'playpen' area providing extra space (PLP, 2.9 m²/ pig). HRV was measured during a play session in three consecutive periods: (i) baseline (before play bout, no play occurring), (ii) play bout (play expression), and (iii) after-play (immediately after play bout). Twenty-six gilts played at least once. Play bouts lasted between 10 and 30 s (10 s: <i>n</i> = 60, 20 s: <i>n</i> = 18, 30 s: <i>n</i> = 6). In 10-s bouts, compared to baseline, RMSSD was higher during play (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and after-play (<i>p</i> = 0.015), while SDNN increased during play (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and after-play (<i>p</i> = 0.008) only with ambulation (pig moving forward: walking or running). HR did not differ across periods but was higher at ambulation (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Twenty-sec bouts followed the same relationship with only numerical differences, while HRV in 30-s bouts did not differ. Treatments did not influence HRV. Results suggest that engaging in play increases HRV, with this effect persisting into the period immediately after play. This indicates that play contributes to positive emotional states in pigs. Physical activity involved in play influences HRV. More dynamic and energetic play involving ambulation might be more rewarding for pigs. This study provides evidence for assessing positive emotions in pigs and underscores the importance of incorporating rewarding experiences into conventional farming practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1518153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11812062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and antimicrobial resistance: a conceptual framework for researchers working in livestock systems.","authors":"Fiona Emdin, Alessandra Galiè, Arshnee Moodley, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1456605","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1456605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To promote gender mainstreaming in future AMR research projects and policy implementation within livestock and other systems, researchers need to embrace gender-responsive research methodologies. Ignoring gender considerations can lead to unsustainable interventions and exacerbate existing equity gaps. Incorporating gender analysis is crucial for identifying data collection needs and opportunities to develop gender-responsive research programs and policies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We have developed a conceptual framework and a set of research questions designed to enhance the gender-responsiveness of AMR research in livestock systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review previously identified three key entry points for gender dynamic impacting AMR in agricultural systems: gendered antimicrobial resistance exposure, gendered antimicrobial use and gendered outcomes of antimicrobial resistance infections. This information was then analyzed using a health system gender framework. Combining these insights, we developed a comprehensive list of research questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed comprehensive list of gender-related questions. Given the limited understanding of how gender dynamics and norms influence AMR, we have primarily proposed qualitative, exploratory questions. These questions are categorized into two types: integrated and strategic. Integrated questions offer a deeper understanding of gender dynamics and norms in livestock systems with the aim of improving them, while strategic questions focus on gender-related issues in livestock as entry points, highlighting some of the mechanisms behind these gender issues to progress towards gender equality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As gender-analysis in livestock research gains prominence, there is an increasing expectation for AMR researchers to integrate gender considerations into their work. This framework provides a starting point for researchers aiming to enhance gender inclusivity and considerations in AMR research within livestock systems. The next phase of our project will involve applying this framework in the field, where a real-life application will enable its validation and further refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"1456605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11811751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> in endangered Eld's deer (<i>Rucervus eldii</i>) in Hainan, China.","authors":"Yun Zhang, Guangxu Ren, Qingqing Lu, Jiaqi Li, Yu Qiang, Youyou Li, Xiuyi Lai, Yuan Wang, Xingyue Yu, Sheng Lei, Yu Li, Yunxing Chang, Xianrong Liu, Xuning Qi, Zhi Xie, Tingting Li, Jiang Du, Rui Duan, Xinyu Chang, Hesheng Wang, Gang Lu","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1521055","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1521055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> is one of the most frequent microsporidia species causing digestive disorder mainly diarrhea in humans and animals. Eld's deer (<i>Rucervus eldii</i>) is the class I national key protected wildlife and only distributed on Hainan Island in China. No report on the prevalence and molecular characterization of <i>E. bieneusi</i> in wild Eld's deer worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>217 fecal samples were collected from Eld's deer in two isolated habitats of a nature reserve in Hainan, and examined by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The overall prevalence of <i>E. bieneusi</i> in Eld's deer was 17.5% (38/217), with 13.5% (12/89) and 20.3% (26/128) in habitats 1 and 2, respectively. Seven ITS genotypes were identified, including five known genotypes: D (<i>n</i> = 19), Peru11 (<i>n</i> = 10), EbpC (<i>n</i> = 5), Peru8 (<i>n</i> = 1) and Type IV (<i>n</i> = 1), and two novel genotypes: HNED-I and HNED-II (one each). Genotypes Peru8 and Peru11 were firstly identified in cervids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the detected genotypes belonged to zoonotic Group 1. The results implied that the further research on threaten of <i>E. bieneusi</i> to endangered Eld's deer and potential risks for public health is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1521055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Tumor microenvironment complexity and its therapeutic implications.","authors":"Denner Santos Dos Anjos, Marxa Leão Figueiredo, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1543814","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1543814","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1543814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood biochemistry changes in a minipig infarction model.","authors":"Dénes Kőrösi, Ágoston Göcző, Noémi Varga, Rita Garamvölgyi, Nándor Balogh, Kornélia Farkas, András Vorobcsuk","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1493660","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1493660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aimed to assess changes in biochemical parameters during the adaptation of the myocardial infarction model to a conventional Hungarian minipig breed. According to our hypothesis, changes in the blood level of the necroenzymes are not only related to the interventional procedure but are also influenced by peri-procedural animal keeping and treatment conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Closed chest acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced by balloon occlusion for 90 min in the left anterior descendent coronary artery (LAD) in 24 adult, female Pannon minipigs followed by reperfusion. Blood samples were taken before AMI, and immediately after the reperfusion, during the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) on days 3 and 30. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high-sensitivity troponin I were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the parameters measured at baseline remained within physiological ranges, a notable elevation was seen in comparison with the results observed on day 30. This phenomenon was evident in all the laboratory parameters tested, except hs-troponin. The results for AST, ALT, LDH, and CK were statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.011, <i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.013, and <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively). A statistically significant difference was observed between the baseline and 30-day AST/ALT ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.00514).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The elevated levels of necroenzymes observed at baseline are likely to be a consequence of the physical and social stress imposed by the study design on the minipigs during the 72-h period prior to intervention. It is essential to define the optimal timing of baseline blood tests to ensure the reliability of the biochemical profile in a large animal infarction model.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1493660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, pathological, and genotypic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chickens in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates.","authors":"Hassan Zackaria Ali Ishag, Abdelnasir Mohammed Adam Terab, Ebrahim Mohamad Abdalsalam Osman, El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil, Mohammed Saleh Albreiki, Oum Keltoum Bensalah, Asma Abdi Mohamed Shah, Abdelmalik Ibrahim Khalafalla","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1474181","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1474181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious Bronchitis (IB), caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a significant contagious respiratory disease in the poultry industry. The emergence of new variants represents a global challenge for the diagnosis and control of the disease. Despite vaccination efforts in poultry farms in the Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates (UAE), outbreaks continue to occur, raising concerns about the efficacy of vaccination protocols and the potential emergence of new viral strains. This study aims to provide information on clinical, pathological, and genotypes of IBV detected within the Abu Dhabi Emirate, during 2022-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Epidemiological data were collected from twelve suspected IB outbreaks across seven broiler farms located in the Abu Dhabi Emirate. The cases were investigated through clinical and pathological examinations and Forty-six samples, including lung, spleen, kidney tissues, and oro-cloacal swabs, were collected for further analysis. The virus was detected by RT-qPCR assay, genotyping was determined by phylogenetic analysis of the Spike (S)-1 gene, and differentiation between field and vaccine strains was determined by comparing their sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age of the affected flocks varies from 2 to 5 weeks. The highest morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates were 36, 33, and 95%, respectively. Necropsy examination revealed characteristic respiratory and renal pathological lesions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a co-circulation of three lineages of IBV genotype GI-13 or 4/91 serotype (81.8%), GI-1 or Massachusetts serotype (9.1%) and GI-23 or Middle East serotype (9.1%). Approximately 90.9% of the strains classified within GI-1 and G1-13 lineages are 99 to 100% identical to 4/91 and Mass serotypes, respectively, and are considered as vaccine strains. Two strains (9.1%) classified within GI-23 lineage have a < 99% identity to the 4/91 and Mass serotypes vaccine strains and are considered as filed strains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-circulation of three IBV lineages (GI-13, GI-1, and GI-23) in the Abu Dhabi broiler flocks showing IB symptoms were detected. This complex scenario of different IBV lineages circulation may account for the persistent outbreaks despite vaccination efforts. The results of the study are crucial for optimum IB vaccination and monitoring strategies or designing new vaccines based on local IBV field strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"1474181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association studies with prolapsed gland of the third eyelid in dogs.","authors":"Yu Zeng, Cundong Feng, Zheli Jiang, Weian Du, Shan He, Xingnuan Li, Yi Fan, Xiao Ouyang, Bixin Huang, Yan Su, Siyu Wang, Rongxing Wei, Zonghao Dai, Peng Jin, Jianyun Liu, Qianyong Yang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1520155","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2024.1520155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cherry eye, the common name for the prolapse of the third eyelid gland in dogs, is a widespread ophthalmic disease affecting dogs of various breeds. This condition severely affects the quality of life of affected dogs, and its underlying cause remains unresolved. In this study, 170K SNP microarray data were collected from 653 brachycephalic dogs and 788 brachycephalic and mesocephalic dogs. These two datasets were analyzed separately in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 12 dog breeds affected by cherry eye. The GWAS analysis of 653 short-headed dogs revealed that four SNPs in the CFA3:15627075-15983629 bp region exceeded the genome-level significance threshold. Association analysis of this region also indicated that these four SNPs were strongly associated. Gene annotation showed that the region contained genes such as <i>KIAA0825, FAM172A</i>, and <i>NR2F1</i>, of which <i>NR2F1</i> was associated with eye development. The results showed that GWAS analysis performed on 788 short- and medium-headed dogs identified five SNPs in the CFA22:15627075-15983629 bp region that exceeded the genome-level significance threshold, and association analysis was performed in this region, which showed that these five SNPs were strongly associated. In addition, 104 annotated genes were identified in both GWAS. To explore the genes involved in cherry eyes, we performed GO functional enrichment analysis. The genes involved in the high pathway were <i>DIO3</i> and <i>TTC8</i>. In addition, an in-depth analysis revealed 33 genes associated with eye development and diseases. Our study provides new perspectives for further understanding cherry eye in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"11 ","pages":"1520155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}