Stefany Barrientos-Villegas, María Isabel García-Álvarez, Juana L Vidal, Luis M Gómez-Osorio, Sara López-Osorio, Jenny J Chaparro-Gutiérrez
{"title":"Systematic review: genotypic and phenotypic resistance of fluoroquinolone-resistant <i>Salmonella</i> in livestock in South America (2020-2024).","authors":"Stefany Barrientos-Villegas, María Isabel García-Álvarez, Juana L Vidal, Luis M Gómez-Osorio, Sara López-Osorio, Jenny J Chaparro-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2025.1614486","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the frequency of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. isolated from production animals (pigs, poultry, cattle) and rodents in South America between 2020 and 2024, with the goal of providing key information on resistance in these countries for public health and food safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Latindex. Studies on <i>Salmonella</i> spp. resistant to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in production animals, meat products, and rodents in South America during 2020-2024 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 83 initial results, 27 studies were selected. 70.4% of the studies were conducted in Brazil. 88% of the studies (<i>n</i> = 24/27) used phenotypic methods, with the disk diffusion technique being the most common. Ciprofloxacin was the most studied antibiotic, with an overall resistance of 32.5%, followed by nalidixic acid (60.6%) and enrofloxacin (23.7%). The average multidrug resistance (MDR) was 62%. 44% of the studies (<i>n</i> = 12/27) employed genotypic methods, with whole genome sequencing (WGS) being the most notable technique. Mutations were reported in <i>parC</i> (58%), <i>gyrA</i> (50%), <i>gyrB</i> (8%), and the presence of <i>qnr</i> genes (75%) and <i>aac(6')-Ib-cr</i> (8%). No studies on rodents were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in South America endangers public health and food safety. To address antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and control measures must be implemented, regional research should be promoted, and stronger restrictions should be enforced.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"1614486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441277/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1614486","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. isolated from production animals (pigs, poultry, cattle) and rodents in South America between 2020 and 2024, with the goal of providing key information on resistance in these countries for public health and food safety.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Latindex. Studies on Salmonella spp. resistant to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in production animals, meat products, and rodents in South America during 2020-2024 were included.
Results: Of the 83 initial results, 27 studies were selected. 70.4% of the studies were conducted in Brazil. 88% of the studies (n = 24/27) used phenotypic methods, with the disk diffusion technique being the most common. Ciprofloxacin was the most studied antibiotic, with an overall resistance of 32.5%, followed by nalidixic acid (60.6%) and enrofloxacin (23.7%). The average multidrug resistance (MDR) was 62%. 44% of the studies (n = 12/27) employed genotypic methods, with whole genome sequencing (WGS) being the most notable technique. Mutations were reported in parC (58%), gyrA (50%), gyrB (8%), and the presence of qnr genes (75%) and aac(6')-Ib-cr (8%). No studies on rodents were found.
Conclusion: Resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. in South America endangers public health and food safety. To address antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and control measures must be implemented, regional research should be promoted, and stronger restrictions should be enforced.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy.
Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
