Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Stability and dermatological safety assessment of <i>Cryptocarya alba</i> (Peumo) and <i>Laureliopsis philippiana</i> (Tepa) essential oil-carrying dry shampoo formulations for dermal use in dogs.","authors":"Martín Varas, Martina Jacobs, Nicole Rojas, Paola Ramos, Flavia Bruna, Gabriela Valenzuela-Barra, Olosmira Correa, Antonia Díaz-Parra, Manuel Ahumada, Gabriela Maturana, Irene Martínez, Francisco Abusleme, Belén Rivera, María Olga Bargsted, Daniela Siel, Jessica Bravo","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1918882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1918882","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Antibiotic resistance is a major concern in human and veterinary medicine, supporting the development of alternative topical products for companion animals. This study aimed to develop and evaluate essential oil (EO)-based dry shampoo formulations incorporating EOs from &lt;i&gt;Cryptocarya alba&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Laureliopsis philippiana&lt;/i&gt; as potential veterinary dermocosmetic platforms for canine skin care and complementary management of superficial pyoderma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Starch-based dry shampoo prototypes containing &lt;i&gt;C. alba&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;L. philippiana&lt;/i&gt; EOs were developed using corn starch, tapioca starch, or their mixtures. Magnesium stearate (MgS) was evaluated as a functional excipient, and two mixing protocols were compared. Optimized formulations were subjected to physicochemical characterization, thermal, mechanical, and 9-month stability assessments, and in vitro antibacterial testing against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus pseudintermedius&lt;/i&gt;. Preclinical dermal safety was evaluated in BALB/c mice through macroscopic irritation scoring, body weight monitoring, and histological analysis. Subsequently, an exploratory, randomized, controlled, blinded, four-arm parallel-group study was conducted in 32 client-owned dogs with superficial pyoderma allocated to receive SLP, SCA, vehicle shampoo, or a chlorhexidine-based reference treatment for 21 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;MgS improved formulation homogeneity, fluidity, and reduced agglomeration, while the selected mixing protocol enhanced overall powder performance. The optimized formulations showed preliminary physical stability, although progressive changes in texture, fluidity, agglomeration tendency, and aroma were observed during storage. In vitro antibacterial activity was assay-dependent: no measurable inhibition zones were observed by agar diffusion, whereas serial dilution and viable-count assays showed concentration-dependent reductions in bacterial recovery, including effects associated with the vehicle formulation. No macroscopic or histological signs of dermal irritation were observed in mice. In dogs, the formulations were well tolerated under the evaluated conditions. Microbiological outcomes differed numerically among groups but not significantly; among the EO-containing formulations, SCA showed the most favorable exploratory profile, including culture negativity in 3/8 dogs and the highest proportion of dogs reaching a non-significant bacterial burden.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings support the feasibility of incorporating &lt;i&gt;C. alba&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;L. philippiana&lt;/i&gt; EOs into starch-based dry shampoo prototypes and provide preliminary evidence of physical stability and dermal tolerability. However, the assay-dependent antibacterial response, alkaline formulation pH, limited batch replication, and exploratory clinical design preclude conclusions regarding clinical efficacy. Further studies should include formulation opti","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1918882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR assay for detection of caprine kobuvirus and its epidemiological and molecular characterization in China.","authors":"Yang Su, Wangqing Banma, Guangfu Zhao, Qibing Gu, Falong Yang, Shenglin Li, Erzi Qubi, Kebu Munai, Musha Jili, Yutao Shi, Mingjing Gu, Yaoxuan Li, Junwen Wang, Kehamo Abi","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1915957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1915957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caprine kobuvirus (CKoV) is an emerging diarrheal pathogen in goats. We developed and validated a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) targeting the conserved 3D gene for detection of CKoV. The assay demonstrated high analytical specificity, a limit of detection of 39.9 copies·μL^-1, and good repeatability. A total of 722 goat fecal samples were collected from five farms in Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Hunan in China and tested using the newly developed method. The overall CKoV positivity rate was 40.44% (292/722), and the farm-level positivity rate was 100% (5/5), with the highest rate in Hunan (84.00%, 21/25), followed by Yunnan (42.86%, 48/112), Sichuan (38.58%, 206/534), and Chongqing (33.33%, 17/51). Lambs exhibited substantially higher positivity rates (57.14-83.33%) than goats aged ≥3 months (13.39-15.52%), and chi-square test confirmed a statistically significant association between age and CKoV positivity (<i>χ</i> ² = 252.97, <i>df</i> = 6, <i>p</i> < 0.001), confirming age-dependent susceptibility in lambs. Twelve full-length VP0 and VP1 sequences were obtained (GenBank: PZ424409-PZ424432). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates formed an independent clade related to known CKoV strains. The VP0 sequences shared 97.28-100% amino acid identity, while the VP1 sequences shared 98.61-100% identity. Compared with the reference strain (GenBank: MT584793.1), stable substitutions were found in the VP0 receptor-binding domain and a conserved VP1 region, potentially affecting protein conformation or function. This study provides a validated detection tool and new insights into CKoV epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1915957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence and recovery of reproductive underperformance across successive parities in commercial sows.","authors":"Nandipha Lili, Ziyanda Mpetile, Mthunzi Mndela, Oluwakamisi Festus Akinmoladun","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1980366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1980366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reproductive underperformance is commonly used to inform sow retention and replacement decisions, yet a single poor reproductive cycle may not necessarily indicate persistent reproductive failure. This study evaluated longitudinal patterns of reproductive recovery following low-performing parities and determined whether recovery was associated with previous performance history and reproductive stage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Historical production data comprising 15,699 farrowing records from 4,498 sows in a commercial breeding herd between 2020 and 2026 were retrospectively analysed. Reproductive underperformance was operationally defined as ≤10 piglets weaned (PW) per litter, corresponding to the 25th percentile of the observed distribution, while recovery was defined as >10 PW at the immediately subsequent consecutive parity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,948 low-performance episodes with an observed immediately subsequent consecutive parity, 62.4% recovered, whereas 37.6% remained below the threshold; recovery estimates were therefore conditional on observation to the subsequent consecutive parity. Recovery declined from 63.8% following a first observed low-performing parity to 58.0% after two consecutive observed low-performing parities and 46.9% after three or more. After adjustment for reproductive and temporal factors, two consecutive observed low-performing parities were associated with 27% lower odds of recovery (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58-0.91; <i>P</i> = 0.005), while three or more were associated with 45% lower odds (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.85; <i>P</i> = 0.007), compared with a first observed low-performing parity. Adjusted recovery probabilities following repeated underperformance were 61.0%, 55.1%, and 41.3% during early (P1-P2), prime (P3-P5), and later (P6-P8) reproductive stages, respectively; however, the overall stage × performance-history interaction was not significant (<i>P</i> = 0.121), and stage-specific patterns were therefore considered exploratory.</p><p><strong>Discussion/recommendation: </strong>These findings indicate that a single observed low-performing parity is frequently transient, whereas repeated underperformance is associated with progressively reduced recovery. Longitudinal reproductive history may therefore provide more informative evidence for sow retention decisions than the most recent litter alone, although external validation across commercial herds is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1980366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of reproductive disease in aquarium managed female elasmobranchs.","authors":"Daniela Yuschenkoff, Lance Adams, Melissa Joblon, Kathryn Tuxbury, Charles Innis, Benjamin Balducchi, Michael McEntire, Natalie D MyIniczenko","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1958413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1958413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reproductive disease in female elasmobranchs has been increasingly reported in the literature, though there are limited descriptions of therapeutic intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series details the surgical management of 20 female elasmobranchs representing nine species. Data for this study were collected from the medical records and necropsy reports of elasmobranchs at six separate zoos and aquaria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All animals presented with ovarian or uterine abnormalities, including ovarian enlargement (either due to the presence of cysts and/or chronic follicle retention), yolk coelomitis, and excess uterine fluid. Medical management, primarily hormonal and antibiotic therapy, failed to resolve clinical signs in these cases, and the patients were unlikely to survive long-term. All animals underwent complete or partial unilateral ovariectomy (22 procedures total). Surgical approach, anesthetic protocols, and intraoperative treatments varied by species and institution. Post-operative complications were common, particularly hyporexia, dehiscence, and persistent bacterial coelomitis (when already present prior to surgery). Two Chilean round rays (<i>Urotrygon chilensis</i>) required a second ovariectomy after a functional contralateral ovary developed post-unilateral ovariectomy. In this group, 32% of the patients experienced post-operative mortality directly due to surgical or post-surgical complications; 18% died post-operatively due to pre-existing conditions or systemic compromise. However, this was improved with balanced anesthetic protocols and more aggressive peri-procedural supportive care based on the authors' experience.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In successful procedures, ovariectomy led to the resolution of clinical signs, demonstrating that ovariectomy is a viable therapeutic option for reproductive disease in elasmobranchs, though early intervention, post-operative monitoring, and supportive care are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1958413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13679300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149227609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative analgesic effects of opiranserin in canine castration: a pilot study.","authors":"Seongwon Lee, Seonbin Oh, Inhyung Lee, Won-Gyun Son","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1954078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2026.1954078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Opiranserin, a non-opioid analgesic acting as a glycine transporter 2 inhibitor and 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, was evaluated for reducing intraoperative rescue analgesia and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing castration under isoflurane anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight healthy male Beagle dogs were randomized to receive a continuous rate infusion of opiranserin (5 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 for 1 h before induction, then 0.33 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 for 9 h; <i>n</i> = 4) or 0.9% saline (<i>n</i> = 4). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone and maintained with isoflurane (1.5% end-tidal); all dogs received meloxicam and cefazolin preoperatively, without locoregional analgesia. Hemodynamic responses (ΔMAP, ΔHR) were recorded across 11 surgical events; rescue remifentanil was given when both increased ≥20% from baseline. Postoperative pain was scored with the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale-Short Form (GCMPS-SF) from 30 min after extubation (T0) through T7, with rescue analgesia at scores ≥5. Primary outcomes were intraoperative rescue analgesia frequency and postoperative GCMPS-SF scores; secondary outcomes were intraoperative hemodynamic responses, postoperative rescue consumption, and adverse effects. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests and linear mixed models with Bonferroni-adjusted comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The opiranserin group required fewer intraoperative rescue interventions than the normal saline group (median 2 [2-2] vs. 6.5 [3-9]; <i>p</i> = 0.021). GCMPS-SF scores showed significant effects of group (<i>p</i> = 0.030), time (<i>p</i> = 0.047), and group × time interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.034), with lower scores in the opiranserin group at T1 (adjusted <i>p</i> = 0.012) but not at other time points. Among secondary outcomes, significant overall effects of group were found for ΔMAP (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and ΔHR (<i>p</i> = 0.048), and of surgical event for both (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.008), with no group × event interaction; no individual event differed significantly after correction. Cumulative postoperative rescue analgesic consumption and the incidence of adverse effects did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest that opiranserin may reduce intraoperative rescue analgesia requirements and attenuate postoperative pain in dogs, warranting confirmation in larger trials. The absence of significant adverse effects is reassuring but should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1954078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13677503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A zingiberene-selenium nanoparticle formulation modulates oxidative, inflammatory, and osteogenic responses during femoral fracture healing in rats.","authors":"Alaa Jameel A Albarakati","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1908406","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1908406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bone fracture healing involves coordinated inflammatory, oxidative, and remodeling processes. This study evaluated free zingiberene and a zingiberene-selenium nanoparticle (zingiberene-SeNP) formulation in a rat femoral fracture model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were assigned to intact control, fracture control, fracture plus zingiberene (10 mg/kg/day), or fracture plus zingiberene-SeNP formulation (0.5 mg/kg/day, expressed as total administered formulation mass) groups for 35 days. Outcomes included serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT); C-reactive protein (CRP), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB); C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), calcitonin, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), together with radiographic and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fracture disrupted mineral, oxidative, inflammatory, and bone-turnover profiles. Both treatments improved multiple biochemical and inflammatory indices versus fracture control. The zingiberene-SeNP formulation showed stronger effects than free zingiberene for selected endpoints, including MDA, GSH, ALP, PGE₂, TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-κB, CTX-I, calcitonin, osteocalcin, OPG, and BMP-1. Radiographic and histological findings were consistent with improved callus organization and bone maturation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, both treatments favorably modulated fracture-repair responses, with greater effects of the nanoformulation for selected parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1908406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyclonal distribution and predicted plasmid context of ESBL- and AmpC-associated resistance in chicken-derived <i>Escherichia coli</i> from Hungary.","authors":"Ádám Kerek, Gergely Álmos Tornyos, Levente Hunor Husz, Máté Hetyésy, Krisztina Bali, Levente Molnár, Szonja Petra Kiss, Ákos Jerzsele, Eszter Kaszab","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1959409","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1959409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poultry-associated <i>Escherichia coli</i> can harbor clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance determinants, but the clonal and mobile-genetic backgrounds of β-lactam resistance remain incompletely characterized in Central European production systems. We investigated a phenotypically ESBL-suspect collection of 87 <i>E. coli</i> isolates recovered from tracheal and cloacal samples collected on 23 commercial chicken farms in Hungary between 2022 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was integrated with whole-genome sequencing, allele-level resistance-gene identification, Achtman multilocus sequence typing, predicted plasmid reconstruction, pan-genome analysis and recombination-filtered core-genome phylogenetics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phenotypic ESBL production was confirmed in 19/87 isolates (21.8%). The principal ESBL alleles were <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-1 (11/87) and <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-15 (3/87), while <i>bla</i> _CMY-2 was detected in four isolates. Complete Achtman sequence types were assigned to 44 isolates, representing 30 sequence types. Ten of 11 <i>bla</i> _CTX-M-1 occurrences were computationally assigned by MOB-suite to predicted conjugative IncI-gamma/K1 plasmid bins. The recombination-filtered phylogeny resolved multiple distinct lineages, showing that ESBL positivity and CTX-M carriage were not restricted to a single clone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that ESBL- and AmpC-associated resistance occurred across diverse chicken-derived <i>E. coli</i> backgrounds and was frequently associated with predicted plasmid contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1959409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder perspectives on biosecurity adoption in the Colorado cattle supply chain: lessons from foot-and-mouth disease preparedness.","authors":"Tais C De Menezes, Emilia Ravetta, Rachel E Lahoff, Kate J Oviatt, John Ritten, Jason Lombard, Franklyn Garry","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1937939","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1937939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biosecurity is essential to protecting cattle health and maintaining continuity of business during high-consequence disease events, yet adoption of preparedness measures remains uneven across the beef supply chain. Using foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) as a motivating case, we examine how Colorado cattle-industry stakeholders define practical biosecurity and what lessons support preparedness before an emergency. Data were collected through 12 focus groups and 18 individual interviews with 75 stakeholders across nine cattle-industry sectors, followed by four cross-sector workshops with 56 participants. FMD was widely perceived as a distant, low-priority threat, while time, labor, cost, operational scale, traceability burdens, seasonal and geographic constraints, and limited veterinary access shaped what stakeholders considered feasible. Workshop participants identified visitor/vendor hygiene and controlled access as the most feasible measures, while quarantining new or returning animals received the most votes for both impact and urgency, followed by avoiding commingling with animals from other herds (impact) and knowing or asking about disease status of source herds (urgency). Trusted local messengers and cross-sector communication protocols emerged as central to practical, voluntary biosecurity improvement in Colorado. Strengthening biosecurity will require practical tools, trusted communication networks, and cross-sector planning that reflect the day-to-day realities of cattle operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1937939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and cecal microbiota in Huoyan geese.","authors":"Sida Lei, Yirou Xu, Yuchao Zhang, Huacheng Xu, Meiqi Wang, Bin Wang, Di Han, Changjiang Li, Wei Ma, Chunqiang Wang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1933899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1933899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) effects on growth performance, body size indices, meat quality, and intestinal morphology in Huoyan geese, aiming to identify the optimal supplemental dose. Only the control and 0.06% NCG groups underwent 16S rRNA sequencing to explore associations between cecal microbiota and meat quality. A total of 240 one-day-old female geese were randomly assigned to four groups, each with six replicates of 10 birds, and fed a basal diet (control group) vs. basal diets supplemented with 0.06, 0.12, and 0.18% NCG groups, respectively, over a 30-week period. Growth performance, body size measurements, and meat quality traits were assessed, and cecal microbial communities were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing. From week 6 onward, the 0.06% NCG group exhibited the highest body weight through week 30, with superior average daily gain during the critical 4-8 week growth phase while maintaining normal average daily feed intake. From week 6 through week 30, the 0.06% NCG group had the highest body weight, with superior ADG during weeks 4-8 and while maintaining normal ADFI. Compared with controls, 0.06% NCG significantly increased body oblique length, shank length, and shank circumference (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio during 1-10 weeks (<i>p</i> < 0.05). 0.06%NCG groups also showed significantly increased breast muscle redness (<i>a</i>*) and 24 h postmortem pH (<i>p</i> < 0.05), along with decreased shear force in both breast and leg muscles (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing revealed higher Chao1 and Shannon indices (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and altered community structure in the 0.06% group, notably, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, particularly Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium, were enriched in the 0.06% NCG group. Correlation analysis further revealed that these genera were positively correlated with breast muscle redness (<i>a*</i>) and 24 h pH. Dietary 0.06% NCG improved growth performance, body development, and meat quality in Huoyan geese. The beneficial phenotypes may be linked to altered cecal microbiota enriched in SCFA-producing taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1933899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulled-up race outcomes as welfare-relevant surveillance indicators in United States Steeplechase horses, 2023-2025.","authors":"Jeffrey S Markowitz","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1910221","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1910221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulled-up race outcomes are routinely recorded but are nonspecific, potentially reflecting fatigue, poor performance, footing, rider judgment, suspected injury, or physiological compromise. We evaluated their association with subsequent participation disruption in United States steeplechase horses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>National Steeplechase Association Race Results Reports from 2023 to 2025 were analyzed retrospectively at the horse-start level. Outcomes were time to the next later-date start, ≥60-day interruption, ≥183-day absence, and no recorded later-date start. Cox models were stratified by race type with horse-clustered robust covariance; binary outcomes used horse-clustered generalized estimating equations. Sensitivity analyses excluded November starts because racing is seasonal from March through November.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,070 starts by 710 horses, 367 (11.95%) were pulled up, involving 277 horses (39.0%). No later-date start was recorded after 37.6% of pulled-up and 21.2% of non-pulled-up starts. Among returners, median time to the next start was 42 versus 35 days; Kaplan-Meier medians for all starts were 148 versus 45 days. Pulled-up status was associated with a lower recorded return rate (hazard ratio 0.589, 95% confidence interval 0.515-0.675). Race-type-adjusted odds ratios were 2.10 (1.67-2.64) for ≥60-day interruption and 2.36 (1.80-3.10) for ≥183-day absence. Associations persisted after excluding November starts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Pulled-up outcomes were associated with participation disruption, although clinical reasons were unavailable. They may help prioritize follow-up and longitudinal surveillance but cannot replace veterinary examination or clinical records.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1910221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}