Frontiers in Veterinary Science最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene, and biofilm formation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from yaks in Qinghai, China.","authors":"Shengyi Han, Qiong Li, Tian Shi, Wenwen Zhou, Gangzhu Jin, Ziwei Hu, Shinang Zhang, Kailun Zhang, Rongfei Yang, Guoyuan Hu, Chunyan Xu, Shengqing Li","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1894554","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1894554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), virulence gene profiles, and biofilm formation capabilities of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) isolated from yaks in Qinghai, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 isolates were analyzed for resistance against 11 antibiotics. PCR was used to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes. Biofilm formation was assessed via phenotypic assays. Phylogenetic typing and serotyping were performed using standard molecular and immunological methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed, particularly to tetracyclines (43.33%), ciprofloxacin (33.33%), and cefotaxime (33.33%). A total of 63 ARGs were identified, with <i>bla</i> _EC-18 (85%) being the most prevalent. Virulence gene screening detected 253 factors, including <i>csgA</i>, <i>csgC</i>, and <i>entD</i> (100% prevalence). Biofilm assays showed that 40% of isolates were strong biofilm producers. Phylogenetic typing classified most strains as phylogroup B1 (81.67%), with sequence types ST2522 (8.33%) and ST56/ST10 (5% each) being dominant. Serotyping revealed O25 and O107 as the most common serotypes (16.67% each). Strong biofilm formers exhibited higher ARG diversity, including <i>bla</i> _EC-18 (79.17%) and <i>sul</i>1 (41.67%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these findings identify diarrheic yak‑associated <i>E. coli</i> as a potential reservoir of resistance and virulence determinants, and support strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, farm hygiene, and One Health surveillance in the Qinghai‑Tibet Plateau.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1894554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping swine career identity through Pork Prospect: a mixed methods study in Minnesota and Ohio.","authors":"Samira Chatila, Kara Flaherty, Pedro E Urriola, Maria Pieters, Jacqueline Nolting, Talita Pilar Resende","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1927703","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1927703","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This study examined Pork Prospect, a three-component swine-focused experiential learning program designed to support food-animal veterinary workforce development by scaffolding learners' career exploration, occupational fit appraisal, and professional identity formation. The program was evaluated using the PIG Pathway Framework, which integrates Possible Selves Theory, Social Cognitive Career Theory, and Experiential Learning Theory across three developmental stages: Exploratory (high school), Formative (college), and Immersive (early career).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Using a qualitatively driven mixed methods design, we evaluated program outcomes among 167 participants in Minnesota and Ohio, including high school students (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 91), college students (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 58), and advanced undergraduates or early-career professionals, including graduate students and recent graduates (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 18). High school and college participants attended a one-day \"Swine Discovery Day\" consisting of educational presentations and a visit to a swine research facility. Early-career participants completed a \"Swine Bootcamp,\" consisting of individualized, professionally mentored experiences lasting 2 days to 2 weeks and tailored to participants' career interests in swine production, veterinary medicine, research, extension, and other industry settings. Pre- and post-program Likert-scale surveys were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for high school and college groups. Post-program survey data and open-ended responses were analyzed descriptively and thematically.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;High school participants showed significant gains in comfort around pigs, swine industry knowledge, and career awareness, suggesting that early exposure expanded possible career selves. College participants demonstrated significant increases in industry knowledge, career awareness, and consideration of swine-related careers, indicating that structured experiential contact supported appraisal of occupational fit, perceived barriers, and career possibilities. Early-career participants reported strong satisfaction, perceived knowledge gains, and greater clarity and confidence regarding swine-focused career pathways, suggesting that mentored immersion supported professional rehearsal and identity consolidation. Across program components, qualitative themes highlighted the importance of hands-on learning, mentorship, reflection, and embodied encounters with swine work in shaping motivation and professional commitment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Findings suggest that developmentally sequenced experiential programs may support food-animal career development by matching learners' educational stage with appropriate forms of exposure, reflection, mentorship, and immersion. The study contributes a theory-informed model for understanding food-animal veterinary career development as a staged process of professional becoming rather t","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1927703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of ChatGPT- and veterinarian-generated responses to pet owners' medical questions.","authors":"Aïnoha Griot, Rob Ward","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1939644","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1939644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly significant in veterinary medicine, particularly in answering pet owners' medical questions. AI's integration could reduce veterinary professionals' workload while improving access to medical advice. However, the reliability and quality of AI-generated responses compared to veterinarians' remain unexplored. The objective was to determine whether AI-generated responses were perceived as comparable to veterinarian-generated responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed the answers to a sample of pet owners' medical questions. Both a veterinarian and ChatGPT (GPT-4o, May 2024) provided answers, which were anonymised and presented in a survey distributed through mailing lists and public Facebook groups. Participants were asked to assess each response based on structure, quality, and empathy, using a five-point Likert scale. They then had to indicate whether they trusted the response, and which response they preferred.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over two-thirds of the 201 participants (68%) preferred the ChatGPT-generated answers (<i>p</i> < 0.05), which were rated higher in structure, quality, and empathy.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study has several limitations, including a small sample size, reliance on a single veterinarian, and use of only two Reddit-derived scenarios. Response accuracy was not assessed, and word count restrictions may have affected perceived response quality. Additionally, prior research suggests that irrelevant patient details can impact ChatGPT's accuracy, raising questions about user trust if clinical inaccuracies were present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-generated responses received higher participant ratings in structure, quality and empathy, suggesting AI may enhance veterinary client communication when used under appropriate professional supervision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1939644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13672839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroclimatic variability is associated with gastrointestinal parasite dynamics in black-horned capuchins (<i>Sapajus nigritus cucullatus</i>) in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina.","authors":"Gimena Illia, Martin Kowalewski, Felix Ignacio Contreras, Thomas R Gillespie, Karen E DeMatteo, Luciana Oklander","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1959428","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1959428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the environmental drivers of parasite dynamics in wildlife is critical for predicting disease risk under changing climatic conditions. We investigated the relationship between climatic variables and patterns of gastrointestinal parasitism in wild black-horned capuchin monkeys (<i>Sapajus nigritus cucullatus</i>) inhabiting the Atlantic Forest (Misiones, Argentina). A total of 131 fecal samples were collected from two study sites (COR: 25°51'S, 53°57'W; YL: 25°34'S, 54°4'W) between May 2019 and November 2021 and analyzed using flotation and sedimentation techniques. Environmental data (temperature, humidity, and precipitation) were obtained from NASA MERRA-2, and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI, 3-month scale) was used to characterize moisture availability. Generalized linear mixed models indicated that SPEI was the most informative environmental predictor: both parasite frequency and richness were positively associated with wetter conditions (higher SPEI values), whereas seasonal categories showed no significant effects. At the taxon level, <i>Strongyloides</i> sp. occurrence increased with SPEI, while rhabditoid larvae increased with relative humidity and Hymenolepididae decreased with humidity. These findings suggest that continuous variation in moisture availability, rather than discrete seasonal categories, better captures parasite dynamics in this subtropical system. SPEI emerges as a valuable integrative index for capturing environmentally driven variation in parasite communities, particularly under pronounced climatic anomalies such as the 2019-2021 regional drought associated with the onset of La Niña conditions in 2020. Incorporating such indices into wildlife disease ecology may improve the prediction and monitoring of parasite dynamics under ongoing climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1959428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic changes in gut microbiota of three breeds of stud boars pre- and post-amoxicillin administration.","authors":"Liusheng Wang, Huiting He, Tao Huang, Zhelong Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1930671","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1930671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Amoxicillin is a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic in pig farming, valued for its cost-effectiveness and efficacy in addressing prevalent swine ailments. However, the specific effects on the gut microbiota of stud boars and the trajectory of microbial recovery post-antibiotic withdrawal remain insufficiently elucidated.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the dynamic trajectory of gut microbiota in 40 Large White (LW), 47 Landrace (LAN), and 16 Duroc (DUR) stud boars before (D0), during (D7), and after (D14) amoxicillin administration (100 mg/kg of feed from D3 to D7) using 16S rRNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Amoxicillin significantly reduced alpha diversity (measured by observed species and the Shannon index) in LW and LAN stud boars at D7, with partial recovery by D14. In contrast, DUR stud boars showed no significant changes in diversity. Principal coordinate analysis revealed distinct microbial community structures across different time points, with samples from D7 forming a separate cluster, distinct from those collected on D0 and D14. At the genus level, <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> were predominant in LW and LAN, with relative abundances increasing during amoxicillin treatment and decreasing post-withdrawal. In DUR stud boars, <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> were more abundant. Functional predictions indicated changes in KEGG pathways related to metabolism and drug resistance. These findings highlight the breed-specific responses of gut microbiota to amoxicillin. While LW and LAN showed signs of recovery after the withdrawal of the antibiotic, DUR exhibited resilience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, this study aids in optimizing antibiotic use in pig farming, reducing resistance risks, and promoting sustainable animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1930671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and growth biomarkers in adult rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) reared in a novel photo-electrocatalytic recirculating aquaculture system.","authors":"Elisa Fonsatti, Martina Bortoletti, Lisa Maccatrozzo, Laura Gregoletto, Elena Negrato, Carlo Poltronieri, Nadia Cherif, Tarek Temraz, Giorgio Mirra, Alessia Di Giancamillo, Annamaria Costa, Gian Luca Chiarello, Giuseppe Radaelli, Daniela Bertotto","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1888391","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1888391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study is part of the PRIMA Fish-PhotoCAT project, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smart purification system for improving water quality, fish production, and environmental sustainability in aquaculture. The system employs an innovative TiO₂-based photo-electrocatalytic (PEC) filter that combines the photocatalytic properties of TiO₂ with the biocidal effect of UV radiation to remove nitrogen compounds from rearing water.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult rainbow trout were reared at low (LD, 15 kg/m³) and high (HD, 30 kg/m³) stocking densities for four and two weeks, respectively. Three tanks equipped with conventional mechanical, biological, and UV filtration served as controls (CTRL), while three tanks were fitted with the PEC treatment unit (PEC). Plasma, skin mucus, muscle, fins, and scales were collected for cortisol determination by radioimmunoassay. Plasma total proteins (TP), glucose, and lactate were measured as secondary stress indicators. Oxidative stress was assessed through Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) and the AOPP/TP ratio. Hepatic expression of <i>Insulin-like Growth Factor 1</i> (IGF-I), <i>Heat Shock Protein 70</i> (HSP70), and <i>Cytochrome P450</i>, <i>family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1)</i> was quantified by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cortisol concentrations in all sampled matrices did not differ significantly between CTRL and PEC groups at either stocking density. Similarly, plasma glucose, lactate, and TP remained unchanged between treatments. Hepatic expression of IGF-I, HSP70, and CYP1A1 also showed no significant differences. The AOPP/TP ratio was comparable between groups, although AOPP concentrations were higher in the PEC group under HD conditions. Despite this increase, cortisol values remained within physiological ranges, indicating no evidence of marked stress.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The PEC water treatment system provided rearing conditions comparable to conventional filtration with respect to physiological, biochemical, and molecular stress responses in adult rainbow trout. The absence of treatment-related changes in cortisol, metabolic indicators, and stress-related gene expression suggests that PEC technology does not compromise fish welfare under the tested conditions. However, the increase in AOPP observed at high stocking density indicates a potential oxidative response that deserves further investigation. Overall, these findings support the use of PEC technology as a sustainable water treatment strategy for aquaculture while maintaining fish health and welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1888391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keel bone damage and access to functional resources and housing areas in laying hens: a systematic thematic review.","authors":"Serge Alindekon, Stefanie Petow, Helen Louton","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1950640","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1950640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keel bone damage (KBD) is a major welfare concern in laying hens; however, evidence on its relationship with access to and use of functional resources and housing areas has not been systematically synthesised. This review examined associations between KBD and perches, resting locations, nests, feeders, drinkers, litter and floor areas, outdoor ranges, popholes, wintergardens, and other defined housing areas. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for empirical studies published between 2006 and 2026 involving laying hens, assessing KBD, and reporting relevant resource- or area-related outcomes. Of 345 records identified, 233 remained after deduplication. Following title and abstract screening, 50 reports underwent full-text assessment, of which 17 were excluded; one additional study was identified manually, yielding 34 included studies. Owing to substantial variation among housing systems, KBD assessment methods, outcome measures, and temporal designs, the findings were synthesised narratively by resource category and direction of association. The evidence base was limited and unevenly distributed, with most studies focusing on perches, elevated structures, and resting locations. Hens with keel fractures often accessed elevated resources less frequently, descended more slowly, or made fewer vertical transitions. However, reduced access did not always correspond to reduced occupancy, as some affected hens remained longer on perches or in nests once these locations had been reached. Evidence for feeders, drinkers, outdoor areas, and ground-level resources was sparse and inconsistent. Few studies established whether changes in resource use preceded or followed KBD, limiting causal interpretation. Overall, KBD was most consistently associated with the use of physically demanding elevated resources, while evidence for other functional areas remained uncertain. Resource occupancy should not be interpreted as unrestricted access because affected hens may reach a resource less often yet remain there longer. Future studies should use longitudinal individual-level designs, distinguish access from occupancy and departure, and combine automated tracking with direct behavioural observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1950640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The veterinary referral process in the DACH region: survey-based insights into obstacles and motivations.","authors":"C Gast, M J Hassenstein, C Kleinsorgen, C Busse, H A Volk","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1748365","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1748365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As demand for specialised veterinary care increases, referrals between first opinion practices and specialty clinics are becoming an increasingly important part of the chain of care. However, care pathways between these two settings can involve multiple transitions back and forth, each representing a potential opportunity for error or information loss. Issues such as communication failures, lack of information transfer, and delayed discharge letters back to the first opinion practice may occur, potentially compromising continuity and quality of care. Characterising veterinary surgeons' satisfaction with this process is therefore an important first step towards identifying where these risks arise and how they might be addressed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the status quo of the referral process and veterinary surgeons' satisfaction with it in the German-speaking DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland), in order to identify communication and information gaps along the referral pathway and inform recommendations for improving collaboration between first opinion practices and specialty clinics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online questionnaire was distributed among small animal vets in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Data from 657 general practitioners (GPs) and specialists (SPs) were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of veterinary surgeons were generally satisfied with collaboration within the referral process; however, GPs rated cooperation more favourably than SPs. A clear lack of information within referral letters was identified, including medical history, medication details, clients' contact details, and specific clinical questions. Participants considered good communication, professional skills, and timely discharge referral letters to be the three most important aspects of collaboration. According to GPs, discharge letters were received in 90% of cases, while according to SPs, discharge letters were sent in 80% of cases. The most common problems identified were delayed discharge referral letters (56%), communication failures (55.7%), and missing information (49.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although participants expressed overall satisfaction with collaboration in the chain of care, problems arise at several points along the referral pathway in the DACH region. We recommend the development of unified referral guidelines within good clinical practice schemes, ideally regulated by relevant authorities, specifically addressing information exchange within referral letters.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1748365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen detection and microbial community characterization in clinically symptomatic pigs from commercial farms.","authors":"Se Hui Park, Doo Sung Cheon, Tae Jin Cho, Sun Ae Kim","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1947134","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1947134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective swine disease control requires continuous monitoring of major pathogens and a comprehensive understanding of microbial community dynamics under disease conditions. Here, we collected lung, oral fluid, and fecal samples from clinically symptomatic pigs on commercial farms in South Korea. Molecular diagnostics targeting major respiratory and enteric pathogens were performed to assess infection status, alongside 16S rRNA gene sequencing to simultaneously characterize respiratory and enteric microbiota. Most respiratory pathogens were detected at higher rates in oral fluid than in lung samples. <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> was the most frequently detected pathogen overall, while porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) showed the highest detection rate in lung samples. Among enteric pathogens, rotavirus showed the highest detection rate. Microbiome profiling revealed that lung samples had the lowest species diversity, while distinct microbial community structures were observed among lung, oral fluid, and fecal samples. Prevotellaceae-associated genera were dominant in fecal samples. The lung microbiota was characterized by dominance of a limited number of taxa, including <i>Escherichia</i>-<i>Shigella</i> and <i>Actinobacillus,</i> whereas oral fluid exhibited a more evenly distributed microbial composition enriched in <i>Moraxella</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>. Differentially abundant taxa and contrasting predicted functional profiles were identified between <i>Clostridium perfringens-</i>positive and -negative groups, indicating a potential association between <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> presence and gut microbial community composition. This study integrates molecular diagnostics with microbiome profiling in clinically diseased pigs under field conditions. These findings provide field-based evidence to support microbiome-informed monitoring and interpretation of pathogen-associated changes in swine production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1947134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional analysis of 152 hyperthyroid cats presented for radioactive iodine therapy in South Korea.","authors":"Dasom Son, Yeon Chae, Taesik Yun, Hakhyun Kim, Jae-Cheong Lim, Byeong-Teck Kang","doi":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1906840","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fvets.2026.1906840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Feline hyperthyroidism is one of the most common endocrinopathies in cats; however, its epidemiological characteristics remain poorly understood in South Korea. Although radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) is a definitive treatment, studies focusing specifically on cats with hyperthyroidism undergoing RAIT are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of 152 cats with hyperthyroidism presented for RAIT were retrospectively reviewed to describe their epidemiological and clinical features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at diagnosis was 12 years, and 30.3% of the cats were diagnosed incidentally. RAIT was usually performed soon after diagnosis, with a median disease duration of 5 months; only 4.6% of cats had a disease duration >2 years. Unilateral thyroid disease was the predominant pattern (50.7%), and severe hyperthyroidism (total thyroxine ≥19.4 μg/dl) was observed in 10.5% of cats. Only 40.1% of cats underwent RAIT following the veterinarian's recommendation, whereas 59.9% of owners sought RAIT independently. Human-licensed or generic methimazole was used more frequently than veterinary-licensed methimazole (84.0 vs. 18.1%). Pruritus occurred more frequently with human-licensed or generic methimazole than with veterinary-licensed methimazole (<i>p</i> = 0.047). All cats were housed indoors. The regional distribution of cases differed from the reported national distribution of owned cats (<i>p</i> = 0.016). No cats originated from Jeju-do, which differed significantly from the mainland regions (<i>p</i> = 0.0004). Longer disease duration was associated with more advanced disease, including higher thyroid hormone levels and scintigraphic activity, increased bilateral involvement, and a higher rate of refractory response to antithyroid drugs (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study to characterize cats with hyperthyroidism that were presented for RAIT in South Korea. Key findings included an owner-driven pattern of RAIT selection, early use of definitive therapy despite a relatively late diagnosis, predominant use of non-veterinary methimazole formulations, and a higher frequency of pruritus as an adverse effect. These findings contribute to the epidemiological understanding of feline hyperthyroidism and may inform clinical decision-making in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":12772,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"1906840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}