Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Problematic internet use among people with dentofacial deformity: a preliminary study.","authors":"Marta Kożybska, Justyna Szpyt, Kacper Pajor, Iwona Radlińska, Anna Wojtkowska, Beata Karakiewicz","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1481739","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1481739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Class III malocclusion represents one type of anterior malocclusions, characterised by a longer face and a more prominent chin. Class III malocclusions are a type of malocclusion related to the relationship between the maxilla and mandible. They are often characterized by mandibular protrusion relative to the maxilla, and in some cases, features such as elongation of the lower facial third or a more prominent chin may also be present. Due to their appearance, patients experience a range of psychosocial and emotional difficulties, which have also been identified as risk factors for problematic internet use (PIU), including depression, negative body image, and lower self-esteem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted and 170 fully completed questionnaires were obtained, 85 from people with Class III malocclusions aged between 18 and 42 years, and 85 from individuals without Class III malocclusions aged between 18 and 40 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with Class III malocclusions obtained statistically significantly more PIU points than participants without Class III malocclusions (p < 0.001). Among people with Class III malocclusions 45.9% showed a high or very high risk of Internet addiction, while in the comparison group, it was only 9.4% (p < 0.001). Among participants with Class III malocclusions, there was a statistically significant, although weak, correlation between the PIU score and feeling uncomfortable when being the centre of attention (rho = 0.284; p < 0.01), and between the PIU score and concern with appearance (rho = 0.272; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with Class III malocclusion are at a much higher risk of problematic Internet use than people without the disorder. This problem especially concerns patients who feel discomfort when being the centre of attention and are more concerned about their appearance. Therefore, it seems that people suffering from disorders that cause changes in appearance should have access to extensive psychological support, including the prevention of problematic Internet use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1481739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder leads to symptom changes of comorbid irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Mohamed A Abdelnaim, Tobias Hebel, Verena Lang-Hambauer, Juergen Schlaier, Berthold Langguth, Andreas Reissmann","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545318","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, affecting around 11% of individuals globally. It is linked to dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, with altered activity and connectivity in various brain regions. IBS patients often have psychiatric comorbidities like anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for severe, therapy-refractory OCD. It has been suggested that DBS for OCD could also have a beneficial effect on accompanying IBS-symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods and patients: </strong>Nine patients with treatment-refractory OCD who underwent DBS in the bed nucleus striae terminalis (BNST) have been included in this study (4 males, 5 females, mean age: 39.1 ± 11.5 years). Patients were examined with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (GSRS-IBS) as well as the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) both before the beginning of DBS as well as throughout several follow-up visits for 12 months following the start of DBS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three patients displayed clinically relevant levels of IBS-symptoms at baseline (GSRS-IBS scores at or beyond 32). All of those three patients showed a reduction of the GSRS-IBS score at the last follow-up (12-40%). For the other 6 patients, 5 of them showed also a reduction of the GSRS-IBS compared to the score at baseline. The mean score for all patients showed a descriptive trend toward score reduction throughout the study period and until the last follow up visit after 12 months. The mean Y-BOCS decreased from 31.11 at baseline to 16.50 at the last follow-up. Out of the 9 patients, 7 (78%) were considered responders with Y-BOCS scores decreasing between 37% to 74%. Moderate-to-large correlations between both scales could be observed at both the 9-month and the 12-month follow-up visit. However, none of these associations was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found alleviation of IBS symptoms after DBS of the BNST, along with improvement in OCD symptoms. Future research using larger sample sizes should address whether the reductions are tied to the improvement of OCD symptoms or if DBS exerts positive effects on IBS independently of OCD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden risk factors behind of suicidal behavior in medical students: a cross-sectional cohort study in Mexico.","authors":"Margarita L Martinez-Fierro, Jorge R Reyes-Hurtado, Anayantzin E Ayala-Haro, Lorena Avila-Carrasco, Leticia A Ramirez-Hernandez, Georgina Lozano-Razo, Javier Zavala-Rayas, Sodel Vazquez-Reyes, Alejandro Mauricio-Gonzalez, Perla Velasco-Elizondo, Vladimir Juarez-Alcala, Ricardo Flores-Vazquez, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez, Idalia Garza-Veloz","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1505088","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1505088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicidal behavior among medical students is a significant concern, requiring a thorough understanding of effective intervention and prevention strategies. This study aimed to generate a situational diagnosis and establish the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional cohort design, we surveyed 688 medical students in Zacatecas, Mexico, employing 14 validated questionnaires to assess suicidal behavior, aspects of their lifestyle, perceived support, risk factors including mental health disorders, and substance use. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the associations between the study variables and suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suicidal behavior was associated with the following variables: female sex, non-heterosexual orientation, history of psychiatric illness, childhood trauma, bullying, symptoms suggestive of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and contexts of substance use such as unpleasant emotions (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that mild tobacco use, alcohol consumption, severe hopelessness, family history of mental disease, material, and affective support significantly increased the odds of suicidal behavior (OR values: 1.56-8.78, p <0.05). Anhedonia, sexual orientation, and problematic consumption of cannabis were significantly associated with suicide attempts, with higher OR of 9.92, 6.49, and 5.56, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual orientation, substance use, lack of material, and affective support were identified as significant risk factors for suicidal behavior and suicide attempts among medical students. Additionally, hopelessness, history of mental health diseases, and ADHD symptoms were associated with an increased risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that include behavior modification for substance use and the reinforcement of emotional and social support networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1505088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns in (es)citalopram prescriptions to Medicaid and Medicare patients in the United States: the potential effects of evergreening.","authors":"Luke R Cavanah, Parita K Ray, Jessica L Goldhirsh, Leighton Y Huey, Brian J Piper","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1450111","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1450111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Citalopram and escitalopram are among the most used medications and are key treatments for many psychiatric disorders. Previous findings suggest citalopram and escitalopram prescription rates are changing because of the patent for citalopram ending as opposed to evidence of a clear therapeutic advantage-so-called \"evergreening\". This retrospective study focuses on characterizing the chronologic and geographic variation in the use of citalopram and escitalopram from 2015 to 2020 among US Medicaid and Medicare patients. We hypothesized that prescription rates of citalopram will decrease with a concurrent increase in escitalopram, consistent with \"evergreening\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Citalopram and escitalopram prescription rates and costs per state were obtained from the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Database and Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. States' annual prescription rates outside a 95% confidence interval were considered significantly different from the average.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, a decreasing trend for citalopram and an increasing trend for escitalopram prescription rates were noted in both Medicare and Medicaid patients. The differences between generic and brand were noted for both drugs, with generic forms being less expensive than the brand-name version.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite limited evidence suggesting that citalopram and escitalopram have any meaningful differences in therapeutic or adverse effects, there exists a noticeable decline in the use of citalopram that cooccurred with an increase in escitalopram prescribing, consistent with our hypothesis. Moreover, among these general pharmacoepidemiologic trends exists significant geographic variability. There was disproportionate spending (relative to their use) on the brand versions of these medicines relative to their generic forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1450111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mental health of psychedelic mushroom and multi-psychedelic users relative to non-psychedelic users in American adults, 2020-2021.","authors":"Sofia Abramsky-Sze, Elliot Marseille, Richard Matzopoulos, Robert Morlock, Leonard Lerer","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1508811","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1508811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few population-based studies have examined associations between psychedelic use and mental health outcomes. This work describes characteristics of exclusive psychedelic mushroom use (referred to as PM use), PMs in combination with other psychedelic substances (multi-psychedelic or MP) use, and non-psychedelic use and explores mental health ratings in non-clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work uses cross-sectional survey data from American adults collected by Acumen Health Research Institute, including demographic characteristics, general health-related quality of life (Veterans RAND derived mental and physical health composite scores), depression (PHQ 9-item), anxiety (GAD 7-item), comorbid conditions (CCI), health resource utilization, and perceptions, knowledge, and use of psychedelics. Multivariate and descriptive statistics were used to describe participant characteristics. Correlation analysis assessed anxiety and depression scores across groups. Mean anxiety and depression scores were compared using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. A multivariate linear regression model controlling for past-year depression, past-year anxiety, age, region, ethnicity, sex, educational attainment, employment, and psychedelic use predicted mental health composite scores (MCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6,869 participants included in the dataset, 256 (3.7%) reported using psychedelics in the last 12 months. Of those using psychedelics, 122 (47.7%) reported PM use and 134 (52.3%) reported MP use. All psychedelic users reported lower MCS and higher levels of anxiety and depression relative to non-users (those who said they had not used psychedelics in the past year). The lowest mental health scores were reported in the MP users followed by the PM users (higher MCS corresponded to better mental health). When controlling for confounding characteristics including past-year anxiety and depression, disparities in mental health scores persisted between those with any psychedelic use and the non-psychedelic group (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper extends previous work describing the association between psychedelic use and mental health, controlling for confounding mental health factors such as comorbid anxiety and depression. These results suggest psychedelic users may have poorer mental health than their non-using counterparts in certain contexts and emphasize the need for future research in this field. Both non-adjusted and adjusted analyses demonstrate lower mental health scores for PM and MP users relative to non-psychedelic users. These differential effects highlight the need for further detailed, population-based research on the use of exclusive psilocybin and on psychedelics in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1508811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECT-induced primary open-angle glaucoma in a patient with unstable thyroid function: a case report.","authors":"Cuiyuan Fu, Xiuzhen Yang, Kun Li","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497205","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Schizophrenia is a prevalent and severe psychiatric disorder for which electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is frequently utilized as a treatment modality. Although ECT can transiently elevate intraocular pressure, the incidence of ECT-related adverse ophthalmic events in patients with coexisting hyperthyroidism is not well documented.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this report, we describe an elderly woman with schizophrenia and hyperthyroidism. Before undergoing ECT, she had no previous history of glaucoma, and her thyroid function was in an unstable state. After three sessions of ECT, the patient exhibited conjunctival congestion and was subsequently diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma, which was not treated. Her intraocular pressure normalized prior to and following the fourth ECT session, and she experienced no further ocular discomfort during subsequent treatments (fifth through eighth sessions).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although ECT has been used in patients with coexisting psychiatric and thyroid dysfunction, there is a lack of reports addressing the risk of inducing or exacerbating glaucoma in the context of unstable thyroid function. This case emphasizes the necessity of monitoring intraocular pressure in patients with unstable thyroid function during ECT, to mitigate the risk of ocular complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1497205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between maternal emotion socialization and emotion regulation in early adolescents with elevated internalizing symptoms: insights from multi-informant discrepancies.","authors":"Junxuan Zhao, Elena Pozzi, Sylvia Chu Lin, Christiane E Kehoe, Sophie S Havighurst, Sarah Whittle","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497007","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the relationship between parental emotion socialization and emotional competence, including emotion regulation, in children and adolescents has been extensively explored, there is a lack of research investigating this association in adolescents at high risk for mental health problems. The present study examined the association between maternal emotion socialization and emotion regulation in adolescents with high levels of internalizing symptoms, using multi-informant measurements (mother-reported, adolescent-reported, observer-reported). The study also explored whether discrepancies in the report of parental emotion socialization by different informants were related to adolescent emotion regulation, in addition to factors that may contribute to informant discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 70 female adolescents (mean age = 11.46 years, SD = 0.77) with high levels of internalizing symptoms and their mothers. Maternal emotion socialization (i.e., emotion dismissing and emotion coaching) was assessed using mother- and adolescent-reported questionnaires, and via observation during an emotion discussion task. Adolescent emotion regulation was reported by mothers and adolescents, while maternal emotion regulation was self-reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescent-reported maternal emotion coaching and dismissing were significantly related to adolescent-reported adolescent emotion regulation. Informant discrepancies were not related to adolescent emotion regulation. Mothers higher in emotion regulation difficulties reported that their emotion coaching was more congruent with adolescent- and observer-reported emotion coaching, although this effect did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings highlight the value of adolescent-reported variables in parenting and adolescent emotion research. Additionally, mothers' emotion regulation may influence their assessments of their emotion socialization behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1497007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time monitoring to predict depressive symptoms: study protocol.","authors":"Yu-Rim Lee, Jong-Sun Lee","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1465933","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1465933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>According to the World Health Organization, Depression is the fourth leading cause of global disease burden. However, traditional clinical and self-report assessments of depression have limitations in providing timely diagnosis and intervention. Recently, digital phenotyping studies have found the possibility of overcoming these limitations through the use of wearable-devices and smartphones. The present study aims to identify the digital phenotype that significantly predicts depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>The study will recruit a total of 150 participants in their 20s who have experienced depression for the past two weeks in Korea. The study will collect passive (eg., active energy, exercise minutes, heart rate, heart rate variability, resting energy, resting heart rate, sleep patterns, steps, walking pace) data and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) through smartphone and wearable-device for two weeks. This study will be conducted longitudinally, with two repeated measurements over three months. Passive data will be collected through sensors on the wearable-device, while EMA data will be collected four times a day through a smartphone app. A machine learning algorithm and multilevel model will be used to construct a predictive model for depressive symptoms using the collected data.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study explores the potential of wearable devices and smartphones to improve the understanding and treatment of depression in young adults. By collecting continuous, real-time data on physiological and behavioral patterns, the research uncovers subtle changes in heart rate, activity levels and sleep that correlate with depressive symptoms, providing a deeper understanding of the disorder. The findings provide a foundation for further research and contribute to the advancement of digital mental health. Advances in these areas of research may have implications for the detection and prevention of early warning signs of depression through the use of digital markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1465933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences and medical students' interest in careers: a single-setting study.","authors":"Phillip Yang, Barbara Robles-Ramamurthy, Kristen A Plastino","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1483871","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1483871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are pervasive across communities, including medical students and physicians. Exposure to childhood trauma influences career decisions, such as social workers and nurses. However, the impact of ACEs on medical students' career interests remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From August to October 2022, a survey was designed and administered to medical students at UT Health San Antonio School of Medicine (Texas, USA). Ten household-level and four community-level ACEs were assessed. Associations between ACE distribution and interest in medical specialties, academia, and primary care were analyzed by Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred nineteen (47.0%) of 891 total students completed the survey, of which 310 (74.3%) reported at least one ACE and 107 (25.7%) reported four or more. The most common ACE was living with a household member with mental illness (154, 36.9%). Students interested in psychiatry (<i>p</i><.01) or academic medicine (<i>p</i>=.02) had significantly higher ACE scores than those not interested in these fields. No associations were observed between ACEs and students' interest in primary care.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The prevalence of medical students living with a household member with mental illness was approximately double than reported in population-based studies. Childhood trauma exposure may influence medical students' interests in psychiatry and academic medicine careers. Further research is needed to investigate how ACEs influence medical students' career considerations. Research exploring ACEs exposure in academic physicians and psychiatrists may further illuminate the associations found in this brief report. Importantly, advancements in trauma-informed approaches to medical education are necessary to facilitate safe learning environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1483871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A naturalistic analysis of rTMS treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder in West Australian youth.","authors":"Aleksandra Miljevic, Kyle Hoath, Kerry S Leggett, Lauren A Hennessy, Caitlan A Boax, Jaroslaw Hryniewicki, Jennifer Rodger","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1513339","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1513339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective, evidence-based treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults and is publicly funded in Australia. However, there is limited data as to its efficacy and safety in treating MDD in adolescent and youth populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective report examined routinely collected data of 46 outpatients aged 17 to 25 years old, who received rTMS treatment for MDD in a private TMS clinic. Primary outcomes measures were the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the depression subscale of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Secondary measures included the anxiety and stress sub-scales of the DASS-21, a measure of Quality of Life (QoL) Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 4-7-week course of rTMS significantly reduce symptoms of self-reported depression (42.5% response) and clinician-assessed depression (40.7% response). Both anxiety and stress significantly reduced across the course of rTMS treatment and significant improvements to QoL and self-reported cognition were observed. Reported side effects following rTMS in youth included a mild headache and fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this naturalistic report suggest that an acute course of rTMS is safe and effective - resulting in similar response rates in adolescent and youth patients as reported in adults. Future large-scale, randomized, and sham-controlled trials are needed to consolidate and add to these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1513339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}