Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sleep deprivation alters utilization of negative feedback in risky decision-making.","authors":"Wenhao Xu, Lubin Wang, Liu Yang, Yuyang Zhu, Pinhong Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1307408","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1307408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep loss has sometimes catastrophic effects on risky decision-making. However, it is unknown to what extent such deficits are exacerbated with increasing duration of sleep deprivation (SD) and whether sustained vigilant attention mediates this sleep deprivation-induced deficit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 36 hours of SD on 37 male college students' arousal, emotion, vigilant attention, and risky decision-making, using the Psychomotor Vigilance Test, the Game of Dice Task, and scales assessing fatigue, sleep, and emotions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to baseline, SD significantly increased sleepiness, fatigue, and negative emotions, decreased positive emotions and vigilant attention, and led to a shift toward risky decision-making, and these effects often appeared 15 or 20 hours after SD. Interestingly, participants' ability to employ positive feedback was maintained, whereas their performance to utilize negative feedback was impaired even after 8 hours of sleep deprivation. Meanwhile, vigilant attention acted as a mediator between SD and risky decision-making (z = -1.97, 95% [-6.00, -0.30]).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results suggest that sleep-deprived individuals are unable to use negative feedback to optimize their judgments, which may account for their poor decision-making under risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1307408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal atrophy together with verbal encoding impairment is highly predictive for cognitive decline in typical Alzheimer's dementia - a retrospective follow-up study.","authors":"Burak Doganyigit, Michaela Defrancesco, Timo Schurr, Ruth Steiger, Elke R Gizewski, Stephanie Mangesius, Malik Galijasevic, Alex Hofer, Noora Tuovinen","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485620","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has created an urgent need for rapid and cost-effective methods to diagnose and monitor people at all stages of the disease. Progressive memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy are key features of the most common so-called typical variant of AD. However, studies evaluating detailed cognitive measures combined with region of interest (ROI)-based imaging markers of progression over the long term in the AD dementia (ADD) stage are rare.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study in patients with mild to moderate ADD (aged 60-92 years). They underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3 Tesla, MPRAGE) as well as clinical and neuropsychological examination (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [CERAD] -Plus test battery) at baseline and at least one follow-up visit. ROI-based brain structural analysis of baseline MRIs was performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT) 12. Clinical dementia progression (progression index [PI]) was measured by the annual decline in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. MRI, demographic, and neuropsychological data were included in univariate and multiple linear regression models to predict the PI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>104 ADD patients (age 63 to 90 years, 73% female, mean MMSE score 22.63 ± 3.77, mean follow-up 4.27 ± 2.15 years) and 32 age- and gender-matched cognitively intact controls were included. The pattern of gray matter (GM) atrophy and the cognitive profile were consistent with the amnestic/typical variant of ADD in all patients. Deficits in word list learning together with temporal lobe GM atrophy had the highest predictive value for rapid cognitive decline in the multiple linear regression model, accounting for 25.4% of the PI variance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results show that temporal atrophy together with deficits in the encoding of verbal material, rather than in immediate or delayed recall, is highly predictive for rapid cognitive decline in patients with mild to moderate amnestic/typical ADD. These findings point to the relevance of combining detailed cognitive and automated structural imaging analyses to predict clinical progression in patients with ADD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1485620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel associations of peer cognitive factors and adolescent cannabis use in a legal recreational cannabis region.","authors":"Emily A Kenyon, Manshu Yang, Tammy Chung, Anna C Wilson, Sarah W Feldstein Ewing","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1477000","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1477000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cannabis use can have unintended, harmful consequences for adolescents, a developmental group that struggles with heightened pressure to align with peer attitudes and behaviors. The role of social-cognitive factors in shifting cannabis use dynamics remains under explored, particularly in states where recreational cannabis use is legal.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study examined multilevel longitudinal associations between resistance to peer influence, peer norms, and adolescent cannabis use over the course of 12 months.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were <i>N</i>=204 adolescents ages 15-19 (<i>M</i> _age = 18.68; 67% female) recruited via community outreach after the legalization of adult (age 21+) recreational cannabis use in the Portland, Oregon metropolitan region. Eligible participants endorsed 1+ heavy episodic drinking (HED) episode in the prior two months. Data were collected across four timepoints over 12 months. Multilevel latent growth curve modeling investigated associations between time-varying cognitive factors (resistance to peer influence, peer norms) and two cannabis outcomes (hazardous use, past-month use).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings showed individual increases in hazardous cannabis use over time were significantly associated with adolescents reporting higher peer norms (i.e., higher perceived prevalence and frequency of peer cannabis use) and lower resistance to peer influence. When assessing between-adolescent differences, hazardous cannabis use was only associated with peer norms. Individual variation over time and between-adolescent differences on past-month cannabis use was associated with peer norms, but not resistance to peer influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evolving cognitive factors like resistance to peer influence and peer norms may enhance understanding of longitudinal changes in hazardous cannabis use among adolescents and implicate helpful targets for prevention and intervention. It is a public health priority to identify factors that contribute to adolescent use trajectories in this period of growing cannabis legislation in order to guide the development of impactful prevention and intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1477000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety assessment of disulfiram: real-world adverse event analysis based on FAERS database.","authors":"Jing Luo, Yaqi Zeng, Zhe Chen, Yaan Luo, Li Shi, Xuhui Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1498204","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1498204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Disulfiram, an FDA-approved medication for AUD, has shown significant potential as a repurposed drug in therapeutic areas including oncology and infectious diseases. The purpose of study is to analyze adverse events (AEs) associated with disulfiram by examining the FAERS database, with a focus on understanding its safety profile in both traditional and emerging applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AE reports concerning disulfiram in the FAERS database from the fourth quarter of 2002 to the third quarter of 2023 were extracted. Various signal detection methods, including ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS, were used to detect and categorize adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study collected 52,159,321 AE reports, with 508 reports primarily suspecting disulfiram, identifying 104 Preferred Terms (PTs) across 25 System Organ Classes (SOCs). Major categories of AEs included off label use, psychiatric symptom, liver transplant, and polyneuropathy, with off label use being notably the most reported issue. Strong and new potential AEs were identified, including neurological and psychiatric issues like hypomania, delirium, and vocal cord paralysis; cardiac issues such as electrocardiogram st segment depression; and off label use-related issues like Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disulfiram poses risks of various adverse reactions while having promise as a \"repurposed\" agent. In clinical applications, practitioners should closely monitor occurrences of hepatobiliary disorders, psychiatric disorders, and nervous system disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1498204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapeutic potential of low-intensity focused ultrasound for treating substance use disorder.","authors":"Greatness O Olaitan, Wendy J Lynch, B Jill Venton","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1466506","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1466506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use disorder (SUD) is a persistent public health issue that necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic interventions. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is a promising modality for precise and invasive modulation of brain activity, capable of redefining the landscape of SUD treatment. The review overviews effective LIFU neuromodulatory parameters and molecular mechanisms, focusing on the modulation of reward pathways in key brain regions in animal and human models. Integration of LIFU with established therapeutics holds promise for augmenting treatment outcomes in SUD. The current research examines LIFU's efficacy in reducing cravings and withdrawal symptoms. LIFU shows promise for reducing cravings, modulating reward circuitry, and addressing interoceptive dysregulation and emotional distress. Selecting optimal parameters, encompassing frequency, burst patterns, and intensity, is pivotal for balancing therapeutic efficacy and safety. However, inconsistencies in empirical findings warrant further research on optimal treatment parameters, physiological action mechanisms, and long-term effects. Collaborative interdisciplinary investigations are imperative to fully realize LIFU's potential in revolutionizing SUD treatment paradigms and enhancing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1466506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multidisciplinary weight management intervention for adults with severe mental illness in forensic psychiatric inpatient services (Motiv8): a single blind cluster-randomised wait-list controlled feasibility trial.","authors":"Rebekah Carney, Heather Law, Hany El-Metaal, Mark Hann, Gemma Shields, Siobhan Savage, Ingrid Small, Richard Jones, David Shiers, Gillian Macafee, Sophie Parker","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1457864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1457864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with severe mental illness experience physical health inequalities and a 15-20-year premature mortality rate. Forensic inpatients are particularly affected by restrictions on movement, long admissions, and obesogenic/sedative psychotropic medication. We aimed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of Motiv8, a multidisciplinary weight management intervention co-produced with service users for forensic inpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomised waitlist-controlled trial of Motiv8(+Treatment-As-Usual) vs.TAU was conducted in medium-secure forensic services in Greater Manchester. Motiv8 is a 9-week programme of exercise sessions, diet/cooking classes, psychology, physical health/sleep education, and peer support. Physical and mental health assessments were conducted at baseline/10-weeks/3-months. A nested qualitative study captured participant experiences. A staff sub-study explored ward environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We aimed to recruit 32 participants (four cohorts). The trial met recruitment targets (n=29, 90.9%; 4 cohorts, 100%), participants were randomised to Motiv8+TAU (n=12) or waitlist (control) (n=17). Acceptable retention rates were observed (93.1%, 10-weeks; 72.4%, 3-months), and participants engaged well with the intervention. The blind was maintained, and no safety concerns raised. Assessment completion was high suggesting acceptability (>90% for people retained and engaged in the study). Participants reported high levels of satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The trial was not powered to detect group differences. However, data suggests it is feasible to conduct a rigorous, methodologically robust study of Motiv8 vs.TAU for adults on forensic inpatient units. Motiv8 was acceptable with potential promise providing evidence to proceed to a definitive trial for males. A larger trial is needed to explore potential effectiveness and reduce physical health inequalities for people with SMI.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13539285, identifier ISRCTN13539285.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1457864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the American Heart Association's New Life's Essential 8 Metrics and Depression Symptom in U.S General Adults, Finding from NHANES 2005-2018.","authors":"Zhuoer Ruan, Jie Zhu, Shengnan Xu, Jinghong Liang, Shengqiao Shi","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1480036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1480036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced a new metric for promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) called Life's Essential 8 (LE8). However, there has been no investigation into the relationship between levels of LE8 and the risk of depression symptom. Therefore, our objective was to determine this association using a nationally representative sample of U.S adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing cross-sectional data from the NHANES spanning the years 2005 to 2018, we computed scores for both overall CVH and individual LE8 components. The survey-weighted logistic regression models were conducted to determine whether LE8 was associated with depression symptom.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25,357 adults aged 20 and above were included in the study, representing a population of 1,184 million non-institutionalized U.S residents. The study revealed that individuals with positive scores in both individual and total LE8 metrics were less likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those with negative scores. Furthermore, a significant negative linear trend was observed, showing that as the overall number of favorable LE8 scores increased, the likelihood of depressive symptoms decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Attaining a higher CVH score, as defined by the LE8, is strongly linked to a lower risk of experiencing depressive symptoms in adult residents of the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1480036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of evening chronotype, sleep quality and cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Li Wang, Yingchao Huo, Lihua Yao, Nan Zhang, Simeng Ma, Zhaowen Nie, Wei Wang, Enqi Zhou, Shunsheng Xu, Shenhong Weng, Dan Xiang, Maolin Hu, Zhongchun Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1494032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1494032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the independent or synergistic effects of evening chronotype and poor sleep quality on cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 individuals diagnosed with MDD, recruited from the Mental Health Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Chronotype preference was assessed using the reduced Horne and Ostberg Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), while sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cognitive function was evaluated through the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), defining impairment as a DSST score ≤ 56 (the lowest quartile of the cohort). Univariate analysis and logistic regression models were employed to explore the factors associated with cognitive impairment, focusing on the potential interactive effects of evening chronotype and poor sleep quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 249 subjects recruited, about 41% were classified as evening chronotype. These individuals exhibited poorer sleep quality and more severe depressive symptoms compared to non-evening chronotype (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that first episode status, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores, evening chronotype, and poor sleep quality were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that the co-existence of evening chronotype and poor sleep quality significantly increased the likelihood of cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio [AdjOR] = 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-6.45, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that evening chronotype, poor sleep quality, and their interaction are important contributors to cognitive impairment in patients with MDD, alongside the severity of depression and first episode status. These results emphasize the need for integrated approaches targeting circadian rhythm disruptions and sleep disturbances in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1494032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylphenidate abuse and misuse in patients affected with a psychiatric disorder and a substance use disorder: a systematic review.","authors":"Stefania Chiappini, Pietro Domenico Gramuglia, Alessio Mosca, Clara Cavallotto, Andrea Miuli, John Martin Corkery, Amira Guirguis, Fabrizio Schifano, Giovanni Martinotti","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1508732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1508732","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Methylphenidate (MPH), a central nervous system stimulant primarily prescribed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has seen increasing rates of misuse and abuse, particularly in patients with dual diagnosis (co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders/SUDs). The heightened risk of dependence and adverse effects in these vulnerable populations warrants a systematic review to assess the prevalence and pattern of abuse/misuse of MPH among patients within this population and to understand potential risk factors, patterns of misuse, and outcomes, including the impact on psychiatric symptoms and overall mental health, the effects on SUD (e.g., exacerbation or mitigation of symptoms), and the incidence of adverse events and complications (e.g., cardiovascular issues, psychological effects).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review was conducted in August-September 2024 using both PubMed and Scopus databases. The following search strategy was used: TITLE-ABS-KEY (methylphenidate OR Ritalin OR Concerta) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (abuse OR misuse OR dependency OR addiction) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (dual diagnosis OR comorbid psychiatric disorder OR psychiatric disorder AND substance use disorder). The systematic review was structured in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and identified studies were assessed by title/abstract and full text screening against eligibility criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 12 studies were selected for analysis after screening for relevance, quality, and adherence to inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that individuals with psychiatric disorders, particularly conduct disorder (N=593/1551 individuals), mood disorder (N=90/1551 individuals), anxiety disorder (N=66/1551 individuals), personality disorder (N=44/1551 individuals) and major depression disorder (N=40/1551 individuals), were more likely to misuse MPH. Co-occurring SUD, especially involving Alcohol Use Disorder (N=475/1551 individuals), Cannabis Use Disorder (N=371/1551 individuals), Nicotine Use Disorder (N=343/1551 individuals), Cocaine Use Disorder (N=68/1551 individuals), significantly elevated the risk. Misuse often involved higher doses than prescribed (N=84/1551 individuals) or using non-oral routes of administration (N=20/1551 individuals; e.g., snorting). Adverse outcomes included heightened risk of gastrointestinal events (N=201/1551 individuals), cardiovascular events (N=108/1551 individuals), psychosis (N=69/1551 individuals), and exacerbation of psychiatric symptoms (N=1082/1551 individuals).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;MPH misuse and abuse are significant concerns in patients with psychiatric disorders and SUD. Risk factors include impulsivity, history of substance abuse, and access to prescription stimulants. Integrated therapeutic approaches and stricter prescription monitoring are recommended to mitigate misuse risks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Systematic review regis","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1508732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Subi Gandhi, Alexandra Jordan, Ryan Glaman, Brendan Morrow","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1453323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1453323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Safeguarding college students' mental health and well-being poses a challenge for college administrators and clinicians because of the unique circumstances students face and the limited literature on their needs. Prior to the pandemic, depression and anxiety were already on the rise among college students, but the changes associated with it may have exacerbated these issues. Our study aimed to explore factors influencing college students' mental health and identify common trends in their experiences that could assist organizations and policymakers in the future.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study participants (n = 571) were chosen using a convenience sample of undergraduate and graduate students attending a Central Texas university. We employed the Qualtrics survey platform to collect data on multiple demographic variables, behavioral health, and other health outcomes of students in the summer semester of 2021. Our objective in this study was to investigate the various factors that contribute to mental health conditions, particularly anxiety, and depression, independently and jointly, by employing two validated tools - Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), which measures depression, and General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), which measures anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the tools displayed satisfactory internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α) of 0.921 for the PHQ-9 (9-item) scale and 0.943 for the GAD-7 (7-item) scale. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among participants was 39.4% and 40.1%, respectively, with 31% of participants overall reporting both conditions. Among the explored factors, age, race, parent/guardian's level of education, campus residence status, and health insurance status were associated with depression (p < 0.05), whereas gender, age, race, and parent/guardian's level of education were associated with anxiety (p < 0.05). Academically, several factors related to learning difficulties (i.e., staying motivated to learn, finding a quiet place to learn) were associated with the severity of depression and anxiety severity, demonstrated through composite scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Robust longitudinal studies should be carried out to ascertain key influencers that affect students' mental health, and colleges and universities should create policies and protocols to provide support for students during major catastrophes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account these influencing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1453323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}