Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Elderly abuse and anxiety symptoms among older adults in China: the mechanism of physical frailty and social frailty.","authors":"Wenle Zhang, Wen Hou, Zhu Guo, Jiaxin Feng, Baoyi Liao, Jiahong Xie, Dongli Wang, Rui Gao, Maomin Jiang, Yisong Yao","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1813570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1813570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine the association between elderly abuse and anxiety symptoms among older adults and explore the mechanisms of physical frailty and social frailty between them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1361 older adults were included in this study. Multiple linear regression and propensity score matching was conducted to confirm the association between elderly abuse and anxiety symptoms. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed to explore the mechanisms of physical frailty and social frailty between elderly abuse and anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elderly abuse was significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms. Psychological abuse and neglect showed the strongest associations with anxiety symptoms. Social frailty played moderating roles between both psychological abuse, neglect and anxiety symptoms, while physical frailty played moderating roles between only psychological abuse and anxiety symptoms. Physical frailty and social frailty both partly mediated the relationship between psychological abuse, neglect and anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insight into the systematic relationship between elderly abuse and anxiety symptoms among older adults in Sichuan province. Preventive strategies should address abuse, physical health, and social support simultaneously of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1813570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive and affective networks in patients referred for cognitive screening: latent profiles, bridge nodes, and exploratory directional structures.","authors":"Yuting Wang, Yanqing Xie, Ling Yuan, Yanling Liu, Jinmei Zhang, Bixia Zhao, Fengying Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1887588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1887588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower cognitive performance and anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in patients referred for cognitive screening, but how the two domains are connected, and whether this differs across patient subgroups, is unclear. Prior network studies used abbreviated cognitive tools, self-report affective measures, and undirected models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study of 548 patients referred for cognitive screening at a Chinese general hospital, 16 network nodes were derived from the seven Montreal Cognitive Assessment domains, the two Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale factors, and the seven factors of the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Gaussian graphical models with bridge expected influence were estimated for the overall sample and for each profile identified by latent profile analysis. Bayesian directed acyclic graphs with bootstrap resampling explored the direction of cross-domain associations in the overall sample and within each profile. The network comparison test compared profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive and affective nodes formed two nearly completely separated communities (normalized mutual information = 1.000), connected mainly through language and anxiety/somatization, the two primary bridge nodes. Latent profile analysis identified three profiles: low cognitive performance (<i>n</i> = 114), high affective burden (<i>n</i> = 167), and low affective burden (<i>n</i> = 267). Few cross-domain edges were stable under bootstrap (five in the overall sample; six, three, and none in the profiles), and direction certainty was close to 0.50 for most. The two edges with the highest direction certainty, orientation to retardation and language to anxiety/somatization, ran from cognitive to affective nodes where their direction was determined, before and after adjustment for age and education. The profiles differed in which cross-domain edges appeared, not in the direction of any edge. Exploratory network comparison indicated differences between the high and low affective burden profiles in global strength and structure, with no edge-level difference surviving correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive and affective domains formed largely separate communities linked by a narrow bridge, and the sample comprised three distinct profiles. The directional structures were exploratory. The findings support stratified assessment in cognitive screening settings; they do not establish a causal direction or a treatment sequence, which require longitudinal and interventional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1887588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149265790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' experiences of bonding with their subsequent child following a previous perinatal bereavement.","authors":"Rebecca Hefferman-Clarke, Lynsey Gregg, Lucy Singer, Anja Wittkowski","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1894993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1894993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Perinatal bereavement can significantly affect a woman's psychological wellbeing and shape subsequent experiences of pregnancy and motherhood. However, no studies to date have qualitatively explored the impact of different types of perinatal bereavement experiences on bonding with a subsequent baby. Thus, the present study aimed to a) explore the psychological impact a previous perinatal bereavement had on maternal bonding with their subsequent baby (throughout pregnancy and post-birth) and b) identify the psychological and psychosocial support that helped in facilitating this bond.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, women who had experienced a perinatal bereavement and had a subsequent child (up to the age of five) were recruited and interviewed. Data were analysed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen women took part. Two main themes, with five subthemes, were developed from their interview data. Theme 1, <i>Bracing for loss</i>, represented how participants' experiences of subsequent pregnancies were accompanied by a persistent worry of another loss occurring. Theme 1 also explored how participants coped with high levels of worry and how it shaped early experiences of mother-infant bonding. Theme 2, <i>Navigating motherhood after perinatal bereavement with a subsequent baby</i>, captured participants' experiences of reconstructing their family narrative following the birth of a live baby. Bonding with their subsequent baby was considered in conjunction to the lost baby. This theme also focused on social influences that shaped bonding, such as access to support networks and therapy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study was the first to explore mother-infant bonding following different types of previous perinatal bereavement. Mother-infant bonding following perinatal bereavement appeared to be a dynamic and non-linear process, shaped by worries of a potential future loss, self-preservation strategies, and mothers' efforts to integrate their identities as a mother to both their lost and living baby. Continuing bonds with their lost baby appeared to support grief integration and increase emotional capacity for bonding with their subsequent baby. The findings from the current study emphasise the need for trauma-informed and relational approaches within perinatal services that support both maternal wellbeing and the development of the mother-infant bond.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1894993"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13684786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamic features of long-term habituation of negative emotions: evidence from eye-tracking and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis research.","authors":"Fuqiang Wang, Shichang Yang, Liang Li, Lubin Wang, Shuai Chen, Jiakai Chang, Qun Yang, Kai Gao, Pinhong Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1845849","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1845849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Negative emotional habituation (NEH) plays a crucial role in individuals' survival and adaptation. However, systematic research on long-term negative emotional habituation remains limited. This study aimed to explore the dynamics of the habituation process during prolonged repeated exposure to negative stimuli, from the perspectives of eye-tracking and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing a 2 × 7 mixed factorial design, we enrolled 50 healthy male undergraduates and randomly assigned them to moderate- or high-intensity negative-image groups. Negative stimulus intensity served as the between-subject factor, and repeated exposure across seven consecutive daily testing sessions served as the within-subject factor. A single-blind procedure was adopted. Baseline trait anxiety and resilience were assessed. On each testing day, we concurrently obtained subjective ratings (valence, arousal), eye-tracking indices [mean fixation duration (MFD), pupil size], and salivary cortisol samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the seven-day repetition, valence increased over time while arousal decreased. MFD increased significantly while pupil size decreased significantly, with both indices differing by stimulus intensity. Daily changes in salivary cortisol exhibited a significant downward trend, with a steeper decline under high-intensity negative stimulation. Cross-system coupling varied by intensity: under moderate intensity, valence and cortisol habituation were positively correlated, whereas under high intensity, this association was not significant. Additionally, trait anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with pupil habituation, and resilience moderated the relationship between trait anxiety and valence habituation at a marginally significant level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that NEH is not a unitary pathway but a dynamic process jointly realized by multiple systems with distinct sensitivities and convergence rhythms. The results reveal nonlinear cross-level coupling in NEH and may inform methodological bases for timing, dose optimization, and process evaluation in exposure-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1845849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality and cognition across the lifespan: investigating their interplay and age-related differences.","authors":"Mats Najström, Ove Almkvist, Maria Lindau","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1925413","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1925413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Personality-cognition associations may vary across adulthood, but findings are inconsistent. The present study examined associations between personality traits and cognitive functioning within younger and older adults and explored whether these associations differed across age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used. Participants were 191 adults divided into younger (N = 99; 19-49 years) and older (N = 92; 50-87 years) groups. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, and personality with the Swedish Universities Scales of Personality. Between-group comparisons, covariate-adjusted hierarchical regressions, and exploratory facet-level and personality-configuration analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Younger adults obtained higher age-normed scores than older adults on Full-Scale IQ, Working Memory, and Processing Speed and reported higher Neuroticism. In younger adults, higher Extraversion was independently associated with lower Full-Scale IQ after adjustment for chronological age, sex, education, Neuroticism, and Aggressiveness. A nominal negative association between Extraversion and Verbal Comprehension did not remain significant after Holm correction. Exploratory facet-level analyses yielded significant overall models for Full-Scale IQ and Verbal Comprehension, with Impulsivity uniquely associated only with Verbal Comprehension. In older adults, no significant one-dimensional personality-cognition associations were observed. Exploratory analyses indicated that a high-Extraversion/low-Neuroticism configuration was associated with better Working Memory and Processing Speed; facet-level characterization implicated Impulsivity, Adventure Seeking, Stress Susceptibility, and Psychic Trait Anxiety.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings suggest a direct association between Extraversion and global cognitive functioning in younger adults, whereas exploratory findings in older adults suggest more configurational personality-cognition patterns. Replication in larger, independent samples is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1925413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149237972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome in stable long-term antipsychotic monotherapy and polypharmacy among patients with schizophrenia: a real-world comparative study.","authors":"Haluk Usta, Didem Beşikci Keleş","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1909155","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1909155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome is a major contributor to premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among people with schizophrenia. Antipsychotic polypharmacy is common, but its independent metabolic burden remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare metabolic syndrome in patients receiving stable long-term antipsychotic monotherapy or polypharmacy and to examine high metabolic-risk exposure, chlorpromazine-equivalent dose, and long-acting injectable (LAI) use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 370 adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders receiving an unchanged antipsychotic regimen for at least five years at a community mental health center. Patients received monotherapy (n=144) or polypharmacy (n=226). Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Federation criteria. Antipsychotic dose was standardized to chlorpromazine equivalents, and multivariable logistic regression was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolic syndrome was present in 143 patients (38.6%) and was numerically more frequent with polypharmacy than monotherapy (41.2% vs. 34.7%, p=0.216). LAI use (67.3% vs. 37.5%, p<0.001) and median chlorpromazine-equivalent dose (1010.0 vs. 454.5 mg/day, p<0.001) were higher with polypharmacy. However, neither LAI use (adjusted OR = 1.220, 95% CI 0.767-1.941, p=0.401) nor chlorpromazine-equivalent dose per 100 mg/day (adjusted OR = 1.003, 95% CI 0.954-1.055, p=0.899) was independently associated with metabolic syndrome. Current smoking remained associated with metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR = 1.996, 95% CI 1.251-3.185, p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this selected cohort with stable long-term treatment, polypharmacy was associated with greater dose and LAI exposure, but independent associations of treatment modality, current dose, LAI use, or olanzapine/clozapine exposure with metabolic syndrome were not detected. Comprehensive cardiometabolic monitoring and smoking cessation remain priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1909155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of recovery benefits associated with participation in SMART Recovery, AA, both SMART and AA, or neither, following a new alcohol use disorder recovery attempt.","authors":"John F Kelly, Eric Boorman, Jenny B O'Connor","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1886846","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1886846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery or \"SMART\") is an internationally known \"second-wave\" addiction recovery mutual-help organization that has grown over several decades. Despite this, little is known empirically about who uses SMART and how they fare on important alcohol-specific outcomes over time relative to individuals using more established options such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), or indeed those who utilize both SMART and AA, or neither. Greater knowledge could deepen understanding of the clinical and public utility of SMART in its own right and inform clinical referral options.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A naturalistic, longitudinal cohort study (N = 361) of individuals recruited between February 2019 and February 2022 who were initiating a new alcohol use disorder (AUD) recovery attempt and self-selected into one of four groups at study entry: (1) SMART Recovery; (2) AA; (3) SMART + AA; and (4) neither SMART nor AA. Assessments were conducted at intake, 3 months, and 6 months and measured a variety of alcohol/drug-related and functioning outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the AA and Both groups, SMART Recovery pathway participants exhibited a pattern of less severe clinical pathology and legal system involvement histories, along with higher psychosocial stability and recovery capital. In terms of meeting attendance frequency, the SMART group did not attend as many meetings as the AA or Both groups, but nevertheless was able to achieve levels of improvement in alcohol indicators (i.e., fewer drinking days, fewer heavy drinking days, and fewer alcohol-related consequences) and rates of early AUD remission similar to those of the AA and Both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SMART Recovery may provide a valuable alternative source of recovery-specific support that may be a good fit, particularly for certain individuals with AUD. As such, it serves as a valuable addition to the menu of available community-based recovery-support service options.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1886846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability and its correlates among older adults with common mental disorders in China: a 5-year follow-up study.","authors":"Shuang Liu, Xiaofei Hou, Huifang Yin, Yueqin Huang, Minghui Li, Zhengjing Huang, Mi Hu, Shulin Chen, Changgui Kou, Yongping Yan, Hua Ding, Jie Yan, Jing Wen, Cunxian Jia, Qiang Li, Zhaorui Liu, Guangming Xu","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1907148","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1907148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common mental disorders (CMDs) represent a category of conditions characterized by a high rate of disability and a significant social burden. This study aims to describe disability at baseline and five years later among older adults with 12-month CMDs and to investigate its correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on the nationally representative China Mental Health Survey (CMHS), a five-year follow-up cohort study was conducted, in which older adults with 12-month common mental disorders (CMDs) at baseline were reassessed. Follow-up assessments were conducted by telephone, and disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Disability prevalence at baseline and five-year follow-up and its correlates were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline analyses included 582 older adults with CMDs, of whom 134 completed the five-year follow-up and were included in the follow-up analyses. The prevalence of disability at baseline and five years later were 57.1% and 19.3%, respectively. Older age (≥70 years vs. 60-64 years: RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.19), residence in the Western region (vs. Eastern: RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.16), physical comorbidity (1-2 diseases: RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02-1.18; ≥3 diseases: RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.22-1.41), comorbidity of multiple CMDs (RR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14-1.29), and sleep disturbances (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10-1.24) were associated with higher disability scores. Higher educational level (junior high school and above vs. literate or below primary school) was associated with lower long-term disability among participants with CMDs (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.97). Living in urban areas (RR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92) was associated with lower long-term disability among individuals with anxiety disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term disability persists among older adults with CMDs who survived and were reachable despite an overall decline. Modifiable factors, including physical and mental comorbidity and sleep disturbances, were associated with higher baseline disability, whereas higher education and urban living were associated with a reduced risk of long-term disability. Integrated interventions are needed to reduce disability burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1907148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149237955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and resting-state EEG changes following neurofeedback in adult refugees with persistent trauma-related symptoms: a transdiagnostic pre-post observational study.","authors":"Mirjana Askovic, Matteo Mascelloni, Sejla Murdoch, Jorge Aroche, Ed Dean Hamlin, Anthony W F Harris","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1954165","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1954165","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Neurofeedback has shown promise as an adjunctive intervention for persistent trauma-related psychopathology, but its electrophysiological effects in refugees following war, torture, and forced displacement remain poorly understood. This study investigated changes in resting-state alpha electrophysiology during trauma treatment incorporating individualised neurofeedback and whether these changes related to clinical improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective pre-post observational study included 53 adult refugees with persistent trauma-related symptoms who completed resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) before and after multidisciplinary treatment incorporating neurofeedback, trauma-focused counselling and pharmacotherapy. Participants received a mean of 38.7 neurofeedback sessions after remaining symptomatic despite previous treatment. Clinical improvement was assessed retrospectively using the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Resting-state EEG analyses examined changes in global alpha amplitude, alpha reactivity, peak alpha frequency (PAF), and alpha coherence. Neurofeedback protocol implementation was characterised across 2,361 protocol applications, and secondary analyses examined electrophysiological differences between responders and non-responders and associations between electrophysiological and clinical change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty-three participants (62.3%) demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement following multidisciplinary treatment incorporating neurofeedback. Resting-state EEG demonstrated increased global alpha amplitude (FDR-adjusted p = .018) and reduced occipital alpha reactivity (FDR-adjusted p = .013), whereas peak alpha frequency and alpha coherence did not change significantly following correction for multiple comparisons. Exploratory analyses suggested different patterns of eyes-open and eyes-closed alpha change in responders and non-responders; however, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (t(51) = 0.88, p = .381, d = 0.24). Changes in electrophysiological measures were not significantly associated with clinical improvement. Protocol analysis demonstrated variability in electrode placement, whereas reward frequencies remained clustered within the alpha range throughout treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Individualised neurofeedback delivered within routine multidisciplinary care was associated with clinically meaningful improvement in two-thirds of refugees with persistent trauma-related psychopathology, alongside selective changes in resting-state alpha electrophysiology. These findings extend current understanding of the electrophysiological changes observed during treatment incorporating neurofeedback in a clinically complex refugee population. Although the retrospective observational design limits conclusions regarding causality, the findings support investigation of neurofeedback ","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1954165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149237976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in sleep architecture among patients with severe mental disorders: a polysomnographic study.","authors":"Zhimin Lan, Wei Lin, Meng Wang, Xiaofang Chen, Meihong Xiu, Anle Pan","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1876676","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1876676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances are common in severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Yet sex-specific sleep patterns across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder remain poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we compared overnight polysomnography between 372 first-episode patients (aged 18-45) (93 schizophrenia, 181 major depressive disorder, 98 bipolar disorder). All participants underwent a single-night 10-channel polysomnography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After controlling for age, illness duration, BMI, and medications, women achieved significantly longer total sleep time (median 449.3 vs 420.3 min; p <0.001), time in bed (543.0 vs 525.5 min; p = 0.03), and higher sleep efficiency (83.3% vs 82.3%; p = 0.004) than men. Exploratory <i>post-hoc</i> analyses revealed potential sex-related differences in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder (all p < 0.05, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). However, these findings did not survive correction for multiple comparisons, indicating that the observed differences should be interpreted with caution as preliminary.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that biological sex modulated sleep macro-architecture in severe mental illness, with women exhibiting longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency relative to men. Although the cross-diagnosis comparison revealed only a marginally significant sex-by-diagnosis interaction that did not persist after multiple testing correction, these exploratory subgroup findings suggest potential nuanced variations in sleep architecture. Consequently, future studies with larger cohorts are warranted to evaluate whether sex-stratified approaches could refine clinical sleep interventions across psychiatric conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"17 ","pages":"1876676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}