Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Big-five personality traits and depression: chain mediation of self-efficacy and walking.","authors":"Han Cai, Hongtao Song, Yating Yang, Zihe Xiao, Xianlong Zhang, Feng Jiang, Huanzhong Liu, Yi-Lang Tang","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1460888","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1460888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a major global public health concern, with research indicating a correlation between personality traits and depression. This study aimed to explore the potential mediating roles of self-efficacy and walking in the relationship between personality traits and depression among Chinese residents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from July 10 to September 15, 2021, involving 11,031 Chinese residents across 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities Participants provided data on demographics, personality traits (using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory), self-efficacy (using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale), chronic disease self-management (using the Chronic Disease Self-Management Study Measures), and depression (using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9). After screening, data from 8,499 participants were analyzed. Sequential mediation models were employed, with the Big Five personality traits as predictors, depression as the outcome, and self-efficacy and walking as the mediators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability were negatively correlated with depression, with self-efficacy and walking as positive mediators in these relationships. Conversely, openness was positively associated with depression, and the self-efficacy-walking chain did not mediate this relationship but rather masked the effect of openness on depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that self-efficacy and walking are significant mediators in the relationship between personality traits and depression, potentially mitigating the risk of depressive episodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1460888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular disease prediction model based on patient behavior patterns in the context of deep learning: a time-series data analysis perspective.","authors":"Yubo Wang, Chengfeng Rao, Qinghua Cheng, Jiahao Yang","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1418969","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1418969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the limitations of traditional cardiovascular disease prediction models in capturing dynamic changes and personalized differences in patients, we propose a novel LGAP model based on time-series data analysis. This model integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Graph Neural Networks (GNN), and Multi-Head Attention mechanisms. By combining patients' time-series data (such as medical records, physical parameters, and activity data) with relationship graph data, the model effectively identifies patient behavior patterns and their interrelationships, thereby improving the accuracy and generalization of cardiovascular disease risk prediction. Experimental results show that LGAP outperforms traditional models on datasets such as PhysioNet and NHANES, particularly in prediction accuracy and personalized health management. The introduction of LGAP offers a new approach to enhancing the precision of cardiovascular disease prediction and the development of customized patient care plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1418969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11640863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambivalence model of suicidality [ABS-model]: an orientation model for the treatment of suicidal individuals.","authors":"Tobias Teismann, Peter C Britton, Thomas Forkmann","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1449565","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1449565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The existing models for understanding suicidal ideation and behavior do not provide satisfactory orientation for clinical-therapeutic work with suicidal clients. Based on the observation that ambivalence accompanies the entire suicidal process and building on the empirical knowledge about suicidal ambivalence, this article presents the ambivalence model of suicidality (ABS model), a new clinical working model that aims to provide a framework for risk assessment, case conceptualization and treatment planning in the treatment of suicidal individuals. The model divides the suicidal process into three phases (uncertainty phase, transition phase and action phase), describes the psychological state within the different phases, and identifies phase-specific therapeutic interventions. The ABS model is a descriptive model that can be used to structure and organize crisis intervention and psychotherapy with suicidal patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1449565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the denial of death: death meditation increases a sense of connectedness and appreciation of life.","authors":"Enny Das, Marieke L Fransen, Mary Beth Oliver","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1477479","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1477479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pervasive denial of death in modern society has created an unbalanced relationship with death that gets in the way of living a full life. To address this problem, the Lancet Commission on the Value of Death recently proposed principles of a healthier scenario for the future. In this 'realistic utopia', death is recognized as having value, and conversations about death and dying have become common. The present research examined if art could help to decrease death denial and increase life appreciation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An art installation invited visitors to confront thoughts of their own death in a guided meditation by visualizing the decay of their own dead body. Visitors' responses were compared to those of a standard death reflection group and a neutral control group (<i>N</i>=229) at two time points. Feelings of being moved, connectedness to a higher power, and life appreciation were assessed immediately (T1); death reflection and life appreciation were assessed two weeks later (T2) (N=105).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T1, the art installation induced higher levels of being moved and connectedness to a higher power than the two control groups. At T2, the art installation induced more lingering reflection than the two control groups. Lingering reflection, in turn, increased appreciation of life.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We show that art can be harnessed to promote a more balanced relationship with death, and greater appreciation of life. The art installation provided individuals with concrete, and more encompassing simulations of what death could be like. By placing death in this bigger perspective, the art installation encouraged conscious death reflection. Such a connected perspective is often lacking, but direly needed, in healthcare and in larger society.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1477479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11636524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and exploratory effects of an occupational therapy intervention to improve recovery and return to work of workers with mental health disorders in primary care: a mixed methods study protocol.","authors":"Justine Labourot, Quan Nha Hong, Catherine Briand, Cynthia Cameron, Marie-José Durand, Nadia Giguère, Élyse Marois, Matthew Menear, Marielle Trottier, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Brigitte Vachon","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1441855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1441855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with common mental disorders (CMD) are prone to experience work disabilities, which can lead to sick leave. To support their recovery and return to work, evidence recommends providing a combination of primary care services including psychological and work rehabilitation interventions. Furthermore, interventions to coordinate return to work are required to ensure timely access to services and concerted action among stakeholders. Occupational therapists are qualified to provide these interventions and to facilitate sick leave management. However, current medical practices, lack of collaboration among stakeholders, and lack of occupational therapists working within family medicine groups create highly variable care pathways and delays in access to appropriate services.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the acceptability and explore the effects of an occupational therapist-led program integrated within family medicine groups designed to improve the management of CMD-related sick leave and promote patients' recovery and sustainable return to work in the Canadian province of Québec.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study will consist of a mixed methods multiple case study design. It will also use a participatory research approach, actively engaging family medicine group team members and patient partners throughout the study. The occupational therapy program will include three components: 1) consultation for prevention of sick leave and support for return-to-work decisions, 2) coordination of recovery and return-to-work services, and 3) provision of recovery and work rehabilitation services adapted to each patient's needs. Questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups will be used to collect data on the eight dimensions of the acceptability model described by Sekhon et al. and to measure pre- and post-outcomes to assess the effects of the occupational therapy program. Data will be analyzed using the Framework Method and repeated measures statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We expect that the provision of this innovative occupational therapy program will improve patients' outcomes and the service trajectory of people with CMD. This study will document how to enhance interprofessional collaboration within family medicine groups and to ensure equitable access to work rehabilitation services for all patients, thereby improving recovery and healthy sustainable return-to-work.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1441855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the predictors of foreign language anxiety: the roles of language proficiency, language exposure, and cognitive control.","authors":"Yan Xu, Zhilong Xie","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1492701","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1492701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research delves into unexplored territories of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA), going beyond the traditional focus on language proficiency. We examined the nuanced roles of language exposure and individual differences in cognitive control abilities in shaping FLA. By engaging 46 English learners in a comprehensive assessment, our analysis uncovered significant yet distinct contributions of these factors to various aspects of FLA. Notably, proficiency predicted communication and overall anxiety, exposure influenced evaluation anxiety, while inhibition and mental set shifting abilities significantly predicted communication and test anxiety respectively. These findings illuminate the complexity of FLA, revealing that it stems from a multifaceted interplay of language proficiency, exposure, and cognitive control. This holistic understanding offers valuable insights for educators and learners alike, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies that address not just language proficiency but also exposure opportunities and cognitive strengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1492701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health anxiety during a global pandemic: a comparison of medical and non-medical students in Mashhad, Iran.","authors":"Mahsa Nahidi, Mohammad Reza Fayyazi Bordbar, Hanieh Mohammadi, Negar Morovatdar, Maryam Emadzadeh, Hassan Mirshafiei","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1466026","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1466026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health worldwide, especially among healthcare professionals, including medical students, who were more exposed to pandemic-related stressors. However, health anxiety within this vulnerable group remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess and compare health anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety between medical and non-medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors associated with these forms of anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study recruited Iranian medical and non-medical students studying in Mashhad via convenience sampling using messaging apps. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire on demographic and social factors, along with the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), with higher scores reflecting greater symptom severity. Statistical analyses evaluated group differences, correlations between HAI and CDAS scores, and the influence of confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 305 students participated, with 176 medical students (57.7%) and 129 non-medical students (42.3%). The majority (92.7%) reported mild COVID-19 anxiety, while 3.2% reported moderate and 0.98% reported severe COVID-19 anxiety. COVID-19 anxiety did not significantly differ between medical and non-medical students (P = 0.439). However, medical students reported significantly higher fear of illness consequences than non-medical students (P = 0.037), while no significant differences were found in susceptibility to disease (P = 0.299) or general health concern (P = 0.156). HAI and CDAS scores were significantly correlated (r = 0.30, P < 0.001). Based on logistic regression, Female gender (OR = 4.55, P = 0.002) was associated with susceptibility to health anxiety, while studying a non-medical major was associated with lower health anxiety (OR = 0.01, P < 0.001) and lower COVID-19 anxiety (OR = 0.05, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mild COVID-19 anxiety was prevalent among both medical and non-medical students, with comparable levels of health anxiety across the groups. These findings suggest the need for targeted mental health support among students during pandemic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1466026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional relationship between pain and sleep disturbance in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.","authors":"Duan Yi, Mingyuan Yang, Qipeng Luo, Hong Li, Liang Kong, Qinghao Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485822","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1485822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms that disrupt daily functioning and has been increasing in prevalence. Sleep disturbances frequently occur in individuals with pain, making it difficult to initiate and maintain sleep. This study aims to examine the bidirectional correlation between pain and sleep quality/duration among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.</p><p><strong>Participants and setting: </strong>This study analyzed data from individuals aged 45 years and above who participated in both the 2018 and 2020 baseline surveys of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The bidirectional association between pain and sleep disturbance was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for various covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among individuals without pain, those with unsatisfactory sleep quality were more likely to experience future pain, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.57 - 1.92). Conversely, among individuals with satisfactory sleep quality, those with pain were more likely to develop unsatisfactory sleep quality in the future, with an adjusted OR of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.69 - 2.07). Additionally, shorter sleep duration (<6 hours) was significantly associated with pain status (OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.28 - 1.50). The incidence of developing short sleep duration in individuals with pain was also higher (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.38 - 1.61).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research revealed a bidirectional relationship between pain and sleep disturbance in middle-aged and older Chinese adults, where each condition exacerbated the other. Recognizing and addressing this interconnected relationship was essential for effective management of both pain and sleep quality in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1485822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental democratic communication and adolescent well-being in an era of loneliness: the mediating role of societal trust.","authors":"Simin Liu, Sydney X Hu, Lanxin Su","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1500937","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1500937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In an era marked by increasing loneliness, understanding the impact of parenting practices on adolescent well-being and resilience is crucial. This study investigates the relationship between parental democratic communication and key indicators of adolescent adjustment and well-being in China, with a focus on the mediating role of societal trust.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to examine the direct effects of parental democratic communication on Chinese adolescents' subjective well-being and to explore the mediating roles of societal trust in this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 691 high school students as part of the 2020 Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The sample was divided into two age groups: 16-17 years old (n=493) and 18 years old (n=198). Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SEM analysis revealed age-specific effects of parental democratic communication (PDC) on subjective well-being (SWB). For ages 16-17, PDC directly influenced SWB (β=0.269, p<0.001) with significant serial mediations through societal trust, negative emotion, and pleasant life experiences. For 18-year-olds, only societal trust mediated the PDC-SWB relationship (β=0.16, p<0.01). Meanwhile, the effect of societal trust is superior to that of other mediating variables in both groups. Multi-group analysis showed measurement invariance but differences in structural relationships across age groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Parental democratic communication has a direct as well as serial mediated impact on mid-adolescents' subjective well-being and an indirect impact through societal trust in late adolescence, among Chinese adolescents. These results point to a pattern we term \"Societal Trust-Mediated Well-Being,\" which appears to wield greater influence than negative emotions or pleasant life experiences, particularly among older adolescents. These results underscore the need for developmentally tailored approaches and integrative interventions that adapt to the changing dynamics of adolescent well-being in a rapidly evolving society.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1500937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The survey of the status of self-stigma of depression and its relationship with demographic factors in Gonabad, Iran.","authors":"Hadi Tehrani, Fatemehzahra Naddafi, Mahbobeh Nejatian, Alireza Jafari","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1463879","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1463879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression is a common mental illness. Depression stigma can reduce individuals' desire to seek mental health services. No study has investigated depression self-stigma and its relationship with demographic factors in the general population of Gonabad city in Iran. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the relationship between depression self-stigma and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,075 Iranians living in Gonabad city in 2024. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to select participants. Data collection tools included demographic data and the self-stigma of depression scale (SSDS). Higher SSDS scores indicate greater depression self-stigma. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 with the independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (± SD) of self-stigma of depression (SSD) was 42.51 (9.31). Only 16.1% of the participants mentioned that they had a mental disorder, and 17.2% reported that they had been referred to a psychologist. Based on the results, males had more SSD (<i>p</i> = 0.028), help-seeking inhibition (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and shame (<i>p</i> = 0.002) than females. There were no significant relationships between education level, economic status, age group, occupation, and marital status with SSD (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Individuals with a history of mental disorder had higher SSD (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and help-seeking inhibition (<i>p</i> = 0.004). People who did not obtain information related to mental illness had more help-seeking inhibition (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Based on the Pearson correlation results, a positive and significant correlation coefficient was observed between the subscales of SSDS (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study showed that SSD level was 42.51 ± 9.31 from 70. SSD is one of the main obstacles to help-seeking and treatment, so providing knowledge and awareness in this area is essential to the community.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1463879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11635171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}