Frontiers in Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Research on prediction model of adolescent suicide and self-injury behavior based on machine learning algorithm.","authors":"Yao Gan, Li Kuang, Xiao-Ming Xu, Ming Ai, Jing-Lan He, Wo Wang, Su Hong, Jian Mei Chen, Jun Cao, Qi Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1521025","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1521025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the risk factors that affect adolescents' suicidal and self-injurious behaviors and to construct a prediction model for adolescents' suicidal and self-injurious behaviors based on machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Stratified cluster sampling was used to select high school students in Chongqing, yielding 3,000 valid questionnaires. Based on whether students had engaged in suicide or self-injury, they were categorized into a suicide/self-injury group (n=78) and a non-suicide/self-injury group (n=2,922). Gender, age, insomnia, and mental illness data were compared between the two groups, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors for adolescent suicidal and self-injurious behavior. Six methods-multi-level perceptron, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, logistic regression, and extreme gradient boosting-were used to build predictive models. Various model indicators for suicidal and self-injurious behavior were compared across the six algorithms using a confusion matrix to identify the optimal model.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In the self-injury and suicide groups, the proportions of male adolescents, late adolescence, insomnia, and mental illness were significantly higher than in the non-suicide and self-injury groups (<i>p <</i>0.05). Compared with the non-suicidal self-injury group, this group also showed significantly increased scores in cognitive subscales, impulsivity, psychoticism, introversion-extroversion, neuroticism, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terror, and paranoia (p <0.05). These statistically significant variables were analyzed in a logistic regression model, revealing that gender, impulsivity, psychoticism, neuroticism, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and paranoia are independent risk factors for adolescent suicide and self-injury. The logistic regression model achieved the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting adolescent suicide and self-injury behavior (0.9948 and 0.9981, respectively). Performance of the random forest, multi-level perceptron, and extreme gradient models was acceptable, while the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and support vector machine performed poorly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The detection rate of suicidal and self-injurious behaviors is higher in women than in men. Adolescents displaying impulsiveness, psychoticism, neuroticism, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, and paranoia have a greater likelihood of engaging in such behaviors. The machine learning model for classifying and predicting adolescent suicide and self-injury risk effectively identifies these behaviors, enabling targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"15 ","pages":"1521025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of cognitive function in bipolar disorder with passive smartphone keystroke metadata: a BiAffect digital phenotyping study.","authors":"Olusola Ajilore, John S Bark, Alexander P Demos, John Zulueta, Jonathan Stange, Jennifer Duffecy, Faraz Hussain, Scott A Langenecker, Peter Nelson, Kelly Ryan, Melvin G McInnis, Alex Leow","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1430303","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1430303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder persists in the euthymic state and has been shown to be associated with a number of negative sequelae including treatment resistance and increased risk of relapse. There has been recent attention on digital phenotyping and passive sensing through smart, connected devices to probe cognition in real-world settings. BiAffect is a custom-built smartphone keyboard that captures keystroke metadata ('how you type, not what you type'). In previous studies, our group has demonstrated that BiAffect-derived keystroke metadata is associated with cognitive domains like processing speed. For the present study, we hypothesized that typing metadata would be significantly associated with executive function and planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>18 participants with bipolar disorder and 12 healthy comparison participants from the Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder at the University of Michigan were provided a mobile phone with a customized keyboard that passively collected keystroke metadata. Participants also completed a neuropsychological battery including the Tower of London task. Irregularities in typing and times to make a move on the Tower of London task were compared using sample and Shannon entropy, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with bipolar disorder had significant increases in entropy in typing (<i>p</i> = .005, <i>d</i> = -1.28) and entropy of Tower of London move times (<i>p</i> = .029, <i>d</i> = -.84). Furthermore, typing entropy was significantly associated with irregularity in Tower of London moves in participants (<i>r</i> = .59, <i>p</i> = .006), as well as variability of clinician-rated depressive symptoms and self-rated impulsive actions and feelings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study demonstrates that passive, unobtrusive smartphone keystroke metadata can be used to probe cognitive function and dysfunction in bipolar disorder, revealing multi-scalar behavioral features accessible through digital assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1430303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of psychological factors on the final clinical outcomes of patients undergoing ankle arthrodesis and ankle replacement.","authors":"Hongze Wang, Shihang Cao, Geng Liu, Jun Lu, Junkui Xu","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1550465","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1550465","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to analyze the impact of different surgical procedures on the prognosis and psychological state of patients with end-stage ankle arthritis (ESAA) by comparing two groups of patients with ESAA who have undergone total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AA), and to investigate whether preoperative psychological status can alter the final clinical outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study retrospectively collected data from 66 patients with ESAA who underwent AA surgery in the Foot and Ankle Surgery Department of Xi'an Honghui Hospital between 2016 and 2023. In July 2024, the final follow-up of patients was conducted via telephone or WeChat, with a follow-up duration of no less than 12 months. Before surgery and at the final follow-up, evaluations were conducted using the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain (ranging from 0 to 100mm), and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score. The study compared differences in pain scores, functional scores, and psychological scores between patients in the TAR and AA groups before surgery and at the final follow-up. Additionally, patients who underwent TAR and AA were further subgrouped based on the severity of their preoperative psychological status, in order to analyze the impact of preoperative psychological conditions on surgical prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 66 patients with ESAA completed the follow-up. At the final follow-up, both the VAS and AOFAS scores in the TAR group and the AA group showed significant improvement compared to preoperative levels. Among them, the TAR group performed better in terms of AOFAS scores, but no significant difference was observed in VAS scores between the two groups. Additionally, there was no significant difference in HADS scores between the two groups at the final follow-up. Regardless of whether they belonged to the high-HADS group or the low-HADS group, patients showed significant improvement in clinical scores compared to preoperative levels. However, at the final follow-up, the clinical scores of the high-HADS group were significantly lower than those of the low-HADS group, and the incidence of complications in the high-HADS group was also higher.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This study found that both TAR and AA significantly improved patients' psychology, pain, and functional activities. Both surgical methods demonstrated similar improvements in terms of final psychological status and pain relief. However, patients in the TAR group showed better ankle function and mobility. Patients with poorer preoperative psychological status had worse clinical outcomes and faced a higher risk of complications. The study indicates that both TAR and AA are effective treatment options for patients with ESAA, but poor preoperative psychological status is one of the important ","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of comorbid alexithymia on cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia: a large-sample study on the Han Chinese population.","authors":"Yuanping Liao, Yunhui Zhong, Kan Yang, Xiang-Yang Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1517540","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1517540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alexithymia and cognitive dysfunction are common in patients with schizophrenia. However, only a few studies have investigated the cognitive performance of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid alexithymia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and neurocognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 695 patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were included in this cross-sectional study (male/female = 464/231). Demographic and clinical data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. The severity of alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) tool, and the severity of psychiatric symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of comorbid alexithymia in patients with chronic schizophrenia was 31.40%, with a male preponderance. Patients with alexithymia had higher PANSS negative symptom subscale scores and PANSS total scores than those without alexithymia (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). In addition, patients with alexithymia had more severe deficits in immediate memory, delayed memory, and language and lower RBANS scores than those without alexithymia. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that alexithymia was a risk factor for language deficits and indicated low total RBANS scores in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that patients with chronic schizophrenia with alexithymia have poorer cognitive function than those without alexithymia. Some demographic characteristics and alexithymia are risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1517540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullying and depression among adolescents in East Asia: a scoping review on prevalence rates, risk and protective factors.","authors":"Jennifer Sie Hee Kiing, Elizabeth Sarah Ragen, Mohamed Sufyan Bin Mohmed Sulaiman, Wei Sheng Goh, Norman Jun Hao Tan, Sok Hui Ng, Yang Luo, Miny Samuel, Doris Young, Victor Weng Keong Loh","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497866","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1497866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bullying and victimization in adolescence is associated with mental health problems including depression. Depression in East Asian adolescents presents similarities and differences from that in Western adolescents. This review reports on the prevalence and psychosocial associations of bullying and depression in East Asian adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases (Medline, and Embase) were searched for English language articles on bullying and its associations for a span of 10 years (1st January 2013 to 19th January 2024). Searches were limited to studies conducted in East Asia involving adolescents 10-19 years of age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1,231 articles initially identified, 65 full-text articles (consisting of 44 cross-sectional and 21 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis & analysis. Prevalence rates of bullying ranged from 6.1% - 61.3% in traditional bullying victimization and 3.3% to 74.6% in cyberbullying victimization with higher rates in at-risk groups (e.g., adolescents with internet addiction). Psychosocial associations of bullying and depression which were similarly found in Western cultures include individual factors of coping style and gender; family factors of functioning and sibling relationships; and community factors of friendship and school-connectedness. In contrast, unique East Asian risk factors included being different (i.e., sexual minority status) and teachers as bullies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings of this scoping review suggest that strong relationships within families, peers and the school community coupled with adolescents' positive coping style are protective against the negative effects of bullying. Conversely, poor parent-child attachment in the midst of family dysfunction, poor engagement with peers and the school community together with low self-esteem predispose East Asian adolescents to depressive symptoms as a result of victimization. Similar to Western cultures, adolescents who are bully-victims and poly-victims are most vulnerable to depression. As a significant proportion of bullying occurred in school, future research could focus on a whole-school intervention approach to counter bullying.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1497866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematic internet use among people with dentofacial deformity: a preliminary study.","authors":"Marta Kożybska, Justyna Szpyt, Kacper Pajor, Iwona Radlińska, Anna Wojtkowska, Beata Karakiewicz","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1481739","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1481739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Class III malocclusion represents one type of anterior malocclusions, characterised by a longer face and a more prominent chin. Class III malocclusions are a type of malocclusion related to the relationship between the maxilla and mandible. They are often characterized by mandibular protrusion relative to the maxilla, and in some cases, features such as elongation of the lower facial third or a more prominent chin may also be present. Due to their appearance, patients experience a range of psychosocial and emotional difficulties, which have also been identified as risk factors for problematic internet use (PIU), including depression, negative body image, and lower self-esteem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted and 170 fully completed questionnaires were obtained, 85 from people with Class III malocclusions aged between 18 and 42 years, and 85 from individuals without Class III malocclusions aged between 18 and 40 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with Class III malocclusions obtained statistically significantly more PIU points than participants without Class III malocclusions (p < 0.001). Among people with Class III malocclusions 45.9% showed a high or very high risk of Internet addiction, while in the comparison group, it was only 9.4% (p < 0.001). Among participants with Class III malocclusions, there was a statistically significant, although weak, correlation between the PIU score and feeling uncomfortable when being the centre of attention (rho = 0.284; p < 0.01), and between the PIU score and concern with appearance (rho = 0.272; p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals with Class III malocclusion are at a much higher risk of problematic Internet use than people without the disorder. This problem especially concerns patients who feel discomfort when being the centre of attention and are more concerned about their appearance. Therefore, it seems that people suffering from disorders that cause changes in appearance should have access to extensive psychological support, including the prevention of problematic Internet use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1481739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder leads to symptom changes of comorbid irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"Mohamed A Abdelnaim, Tobias Hebel, Verena Lang-Hambauer, Juergen Schlaier, Berthold Langguth, Andreas Reissmann","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545318","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1545318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, affecting around 11% of individuals globally. It is linked to dysregulation of the brain-gut axis, with altered activity and connectivity in various brain regions. IBS patients often have psychiatric comorbidities like anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment option for severe, therapy-refractory OCD. It has been suggested that DBS for OCD could also have a beneficial effect on accompanying IBS-symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods and patients: </strong>Nine patients with treatment-refractory OCD who underwent DBS in the bed nucleus striae terminalis (BNST) have been included in this study (4 males, 5 females, mean age: 39.1 ± 11.5 years). Patients were examined with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (GSRS-IBS) as well as the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) both before the beginning of DBS as well as throughout several follow-up visits for 12 months following the start of DBS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three patients displayed clinically relevant levels of IBS-symptoms at baseline (GSRS-IBS scores at or beyond 32). All of those three patients showed a reduction of the GSRS-IBS score at the last follow-up (12-40%). For the other 6 patients, 5 of them showed also a reduction of the GSRS-IBS compared to the score at baseline. The mean score for all patients showed a descriptive trend toward score reduction throughout the study period and until the last follow up visit after 12 months. The mean Y-BOCS decreased from 31.11 at baseline to 16.50 at the last follow-up. Out of the 9 patients, 7 (78%) were considered responders with Y-BOCS scores decreasing between 37% to 74%. Moderate-to-large correlations between both scales could be observed at both the 9-month and the 12-month follow-up visit. However, none of these associations was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found alleviation of IBS symptoms after DBS of the BNST, along with improvement in OCD symptoms. Future research using larger sample sizes should address whether the reductions are tied to the improvement of OCD symptoms or if DBS exerts positive effects on IBS independently of OCD symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545318"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hidden risk factors behind of suicidal behavior in medical students: a cross-sectional cohort study in Mexico.","authors":"Margarita L Martinez-Fierro, Jorge R Reyes-Hurtado, Anayantzin E Ayala-Haro, Lorena Avila-Carrasco, Leticia A Ramirez-Hernandez, Georgina Lozano-Razo, Javier Zavala-Rayas, Sodel Vazquez-Reyes, Alejandro Mauricio-Gonzalez, Perla Velasco-Elizondo, Vladimir Juarez-Alcala, Ricardo Flores-Vazquez, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Iram P Rodriguez-Sanchez, Idalia Garza-Veloz","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1505088","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1505088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicidal behavior among medical students is a significant concern, requiring a thorough understanding of effective intervention and prevention strategies. This study aimed to generate a situational diagnosis and establish the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional cohort design, we surveyed 688 medical students in Zacatecas, Mexico, employing 14 validated questionnaires to assess suicidal behavior, aspects of their lifestyle, perceived support, risk factors including mental health disorders, and substance use. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the associations between the study variables and suicidal behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Suicidal behavior was associated with the following variables: female sex, non-heterosexual orientation, history of psychiatric illness, childhood trauma, bullying, symptoms suggestive of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and contexts of substance use such as unpleasant emotions (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that mild tobacco use, alcohol consumption, severe hopelessness, family history of mental disease, material, and affective support significantly increased the odds of suicidal behavior (OR values: 1.56-8.78, p <0.05). Anhedonia, sexual orientation, and problematic consumption of cannabis were significantly associated with suicide attempts, with higher OR of 9.92, 6.49, and 5.56, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sexual orientation, substance use, lack of material, and affective support were identified as significant risk factors for suicidal behavior and suicide attempts among medical students. Additionally, hopelessness, history of mental health diseases, and ADHD symptoms were associated with an increased risk. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that include behavior modification for substance use and the reinforcement of emotional and social support networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1505088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns in (es)citalopram prescriptions to Medicaid and Medicare patients in the United States: the potential effects of evergreening.","authors":"Luke R Cavanah, Parita K Ray, Jessica L Goldhirsh, Leighton Y Huey, Brian J Piper","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1450111","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1450111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Citalopram and escitalopram are among the most used medications and are key treatments for many psychiatric disorders. Previous findings suggest citalopram and escitalopram prescription rates are changing because of the patent for citalopram ending as opposed to evidence of a clear therapeutic advantage-so-called \"evergreening\". This retrospective study focuses on characterizing the chronologic and geographic variation in the use of citalopram and escitalopram from 2015 to 2020 among US Medicaid and Medicare patients. We hypothesized that prescription rates of citalopram will decrease with a concurrent increase in escitalopram, consistent with \"evergreening\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Citalopram and escitalopram prescription rates and costs per state were obtained from the Medicaid State Drug Utilization Database and Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data. States' annual prescription rates outside a 95% confidence interval were considered significantly different from the average.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, a decreasing trend for citalopram and an increasing trend for escitalopram prescription rates were noted in both Medicare and Medicaid patients. The differences between generic and brand were noted for both drugs, with generic forms being less expensive than the brand-name version.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite limited evidence suggesting that citalopram and escitalopram have any meaningful differences in therapeutic or adverse effects, there exists a noticeable decline in the use of citalopram that cooccurred with an increase in escitalopram prescribing, consistent with our hypothesis. Moreover, among these general pharmacoepidemiologic trends exists significant geographic variability. There was disproportionate spending (relative to their use) on the brand versions of these medicines relative to their generic forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1450111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mental health of psychedelic mushroom and multi-psychedelic users relative to non-psychedelic users in American adults, 2020-2021.","authors":"Sofia Abramsky-Sze, Elliot Marseille, Richard Matzopoulos, Robert Morlock, Leonard Lerer","doi":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1508811","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1508811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Few population-based studies have examined associations between psychedelic use and mental health outcomes. This work describes characteristics of exclusive psychedelic mushroom use (referred to as PM use), PMs in combination with other psychedelic substances (multi-psychedelic or MP) use, and non-psychedelic use and explores mental health ratings in non-clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work uses cross-sectional survey data from American adults collected by Acumen Health Research Institute, including demographic characteristics, general health-related quality of life (Veterans RAND derived mental and physical health composite scores), depression (PHQ 9-item), anxiety (GAD 7-item), comorbid conditions (CCI), health resource utilization, and perceptions, knowledge, and use of psychedelics. Multivariate and descriptive statistics were used to describe participant characteristics. Correlation analysis assessed anxiety and depression scores across groups. Mean anxiety and depression scores were compared using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD. A multivariate linear regression model controlling for past-year depression, past-year anxiety, age, region, ethnicity, sex, educational attainment, employment, and psychedelic use predicted mental health composite scores (MCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6,869 participants included in the dataset, 256 (3.7%) reported using psychedelics in the last 12 months. Of those using psychedelics, 122 (47.7%) reported PM use and 134 (52.3%) reported MP use. All psychedelic users reported lower MCS and higher levels of anxiety and depression relative to non-users (those who said they had not used psychedelics in the past year). The lowest mental health scores were reported in the MP users followed by the PM users (higher MCS corresponded to better mental health). When controlling for confounding characteristics including past-year anxiety and depression, disparities in mental health scores persisted between those with any psychedelic use and the non-psychedelic group (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper extends previous work describing the association between psychedelic use and mental health, controlling for confounding mental health factors such as comorbid anxiety and depression. These results suggest psychedelic users may have poorer mental health than their non-using counterparts in certain contexts and emphasize the need for future research in this field. Both non-adjusted and adjusted analyses demonstrate lower mental health scores for PM and MP users relative to non-psychedelic users. These differential effects highlight the need for further detailed, population-based research on the use of exclusive psilocybin and on psychedelics in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":12605,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","volume":"16 ","pages":"1508811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11920119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}