Cultures of Eschatology最新文献

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Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-009
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Approaches to Medieval Cultures of Eschatology 导言:对中世纪末世论文化的研究
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-204
Veronika Wieser, Vincent Eltschinger
{"title":"Introduction: Approaches to Medieval Cultures of Eschatology","authors":"Veronika Wieser, Vincent Eltschinger","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-204","url":null,"abstract":"In all religions, ideas about the past, the present and the future were shaped and made meaningful by beliefs and expectations related to the End Times. Such beliefs in the Last Things, ta eschata, have been integral to Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism, especially in the pre-modern era,1 and range from the final battle between good and evil and the dawn of a new, divine order to death, divine judgment and eternal afterlife. They also include the dreadful tribulations that every human will supposedly have to face before salvation. In the medieval West as in the East,2 eschatology seems to have been part of the foundation upon which societies were built.3 This period is often associated with anticipation of the Second Coming of Christ (parousia) or the advent of messianic figures such as the Hindu","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apocalyptic Insiders? Identity and Heresy in Early Medieval Iberia and Francia 天启内部人士?中世纪早期伊比利亚和法国的身份与异端
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-019
James T. Palmer
{"title":"Apocalyptic Insiders? Identity and Heresy in Early Medieval Iberia and Francia","authors":"James T. Palmer","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-019","url":null,"abstract":"Apocalyptic traditions supplied a conceptual repertoire that was used by writers in the early Middle Ages to delineate different senses of Christian identity. In particular, fear of heresy was an important catalyst for thinking about religious communities in apocalyptic terms, as writers sought to identify their community or views with the elect within the Church. In this paper, three case studies are examined: the Adoptionist Controversy in the eighth century, the case of the Córdoban martyrs in the mid-ninth century, and the so-called Chronica Prophetica of 883. These highlight different apocalyptic dynamics, as Christian writers in Iberia and Francia argued for their particular views on religious orthodoxy against other Christians, while engaged with perceived challenges from Islam – all while believing that any corruption to orthodoxy opened the way for Antichrist. The cases remind us that, however we might want to generalise about a “ Western apocalyptic tradition ” , the success of apocalyptic ideas often lay in their flexibility to be useful in response to a variety of situations.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134301382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A.D. 672 – The Apex of Apocalyptic Thought in the Early Medieval Latin West 公元672年,中世纪早期拉丁西方启示录思想达到顶峰
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-033
Immo Warntjes
{"title":"A.D. 672 – The Apex of Apocalyptic Thought in the Early Medieval Latin West","authors":"Immo Warntjes","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-033","url":null,"abstract":"In Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages, the Second Coming of Christ was connected to the beginning of the seventh millennium. This raised apocalyptic expectations for the end of sixth millennium. When exactly this was to take place depended on how one counted the years since Creation. Three different methods of counting were introduced successively, with Christ’s birth in AM 5500 (AMI), AM 5200 (AMII), and 3952 (AMIII). AMII replaced AMI roughly 100 years before AMI would have reached the end of the sixth millennium, and the same applies to AMIII replacing AMII. The general assumption is that the introduction of a new count that pushed the end of the sixth millennium back by a few centuries is a significant indicator of widespread apocalyptic anxiety. This article analyses countdowns to the end of the sixth millennium according to AMII (AM 6000 = A.D. 800). It concludes that these do not reflect bottom-up reactions to apocalyptic fear, but are rather the product of debates among the Christian intellectual elite about scientific-theological issues.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116119343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Volatile Images: The Empty Throne and its Place in the Byzantine Last Judgment Iconography 不稳定的图像:空王座及其在拜占庭最后审判图像中的地位
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-008
Armin Bergmeier
{"title":"Volatile Images: The Empty Throne and its Place in the Byzantine Last Judgment Iconography","authors":"Armin Bergmeier","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-008","url":null,"abstract":"Eschatological concepts entered the realm of the visual arts of Byzantium and the medieval West surprisingly late. It is not until the middle Byzantine period that we encounter images that depict the end of time, such as the Last Judgment. While the Last Judgment iconography was a relatively late invention, other iconographical motifs, such as images referring to the Book of Revelation had been in use since Late Antiquity. However, those did not acquire eschatological meaning before the high Middle Ages. Here, I concentrate on one particular motif, the empty throne, to illustrate the shift from present to eschatological meaning in the course of the Middle Ages. While it signified an imperial or divine presence during the first millennium, it was increasingly used to refer to the end of time starting in the tenth century. In this study, I do not treat the terms eschatological and apocalyptic as synonyms. In popular use, apocalypse/apocalyptic are frequently understood as references to the end of time and the horrors associated with it and are thus used interchangeably with eschatology/eschatological. However, ancient and medieval apocalyptic literature is characterised by the revelation of otherwise invisible truths; in some cases, those texts might reveal information about the future end of time, but did not necessarily always do so. Therefore, I use apocalypse/apocalyptic only to denote texts or concepts relating to the field of apocalypticism without any temporal restrictions to past, present, or future meanings. Eschatology/eschatological is exclusively used to denote the Last Things and expectations of the future end of time.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Ends Meet: Western Eschatologies, or the Future of a Society (9th–12th Centuries). Addition of Individual Projects, or Collective Construction of a Radiant Dawn? 《维持生计:西方末世论,或一个社会的未来》(9 - 12世纪)。增加个人项目,还是集体建设一个光辉的黎明?
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-005
G. Lobrichon
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引用次数: 0
The End of the End: Devotion as an Antidote to Hell 终结的终结:奉献是地狱的解药
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-031
Marc Tiefenauer
{"title":"The End of the End: Devotion as an Antidote to Hell","authors":"Marc Tiefenauer","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-031","url":null,"abstract":"The history of literary descriptions of the hereafter in India extends back to the end of the second millennium BCE, to which period the earliest still extant Sanskrit hymns date. It was not until the emergence of ascetic religious movements, such as Buddhism and Jainism, in the fifth century BCE that hell developed into the place of judgment and of torment. During the first millennium CE, hell would find its place in Hindu literature, as the devotion for the gods Viṣṇu and Śiva gave rise to an impressive literary genre: the Purāṇas. Later, with the help of Sufism, Hindu devotional movements adopted a kind of defiance of the hereafter, as shown by pre-modern literature.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128029332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Evolution of the Buddhist Otherworld Empire in Early Medieval China 中世纪早期中国佛教异界帝国的演变
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-029
Frederick Shih-Chung Chen
{"title":"The Evolution of the Buddhist Otherworld Empire in Early Medieval China","authors":"Frederick Shih-Chung Chen","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-029","url":null,"abstract":"The perception of the afterlife as a mirror image of the living world is a widespread religious phenomenon among civilisations. As this mirror-image relation is conditioned by the natural and social surroundings of each cultural milieu, particular questions arise when a religion is translated from one cultural domain to another, as Buddhism was into China. One of the most striking aspects of popular Chinese Buddhism is the ubiquity of purgatorial and penitential liturgies that are performed as part of funerals, ancestral worship and religious festivals and involve communication with a bureaucratic pantheon for the sake of the well-being of the deceased and the living. This otherworld authority takes the form of a pre-modern Chinese bureaucratic empire ruled by the Indian Buddhist and local Chinese deities. This article attempts to unravel the evolution of the Buddhist use of this Chinese imperial metaphor in the period before the emergence of the more fully fledged imperial image presented in the Scripture of the Ten Kings during the medieval period. By examining early archaeological and mortuary texts, I will first show how the development of the “imperial metaphor” of otherworld authority began once Chinese feudal states were first unified as an empire during the Qin-Han period. The second section illustrates how the bureaucratic otherworlds that existed parallel in Indian and Chinese contexts were linked and amalgamated within Chinese Buddhism through the accommodation of certain religious concepts, such as abstinence days, transmigration and the afterlife fate of deceased kings and officials, which were formulated in Chinese Buddhist apocryphal scriptures and popular religious texts. Through this process of evolution, the profile of the Chinese Buddhist otherworld empire we are familiar with today was formed.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122479466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Testament of Time – The Apocalypse of John and the recapitulatio of Time according to Giorgio Agamben 时间的见证——约翰的启示录和乔治·阿甘本对时间的概括
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-036
G. Agamben
{"title":"The Testament of Time – The Apocalypse of John and the recapitulatio of Time according to Giorgio Agamben","authors":"G. Agamben","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-036","url":null,"abstract":"Giorgio Agamben is one of the most widely received and most important philosophers of our time. His philosophy can be understood as a continuation of Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge. Accordingly, Agamben analyses the genesis of the essential occidental concepts, categories and constellations in the context of their political and noetic significance for the present age. Similar to Foucault, this endeavour includes an impetus that is critical of knowledge and society. Beyond Foucault Agamben systematically deals with the influence of religious categories on the constitution of occidental power, but also its subversive potential. Among Agamben’s writings especially his Homo-sacer-project, which has mostly been translated into English by now, and his book The Time that Remains (Il tempo che resta)1 have to be mentioned. In Il tempo che resta Agamben particularly investigates apocalyptic thought and the correspondent concepts of time on the basis of an interpretation of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans. Both aspects are a key to a critique of systems of power and their structures of representation. This text also focusses on these questions. The first part of this essay provides a definition of the position of current concepts of time, the second part traces key categories of Agamben who responds to today’s virtualisations with the concept of messianity. The third part will attempt to confront Agamben’s change of perspective with observations from the Bible in which the problem of a critical vision of historical superpowers and their representation systems becomes the decisive criterion for an apocalypticism of history.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Apocalyptic Literature – A Never-Ending Story 启示录文学——一个永无止境的故事
Cultures of Eschatology Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1515/9783110597745-006
Uta Heil
{"title":"Apocalyptic Literature – A Never-Ending Story","authors":"Uta Heil","doi":"10.1515/9783110597745-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110597745-006","url":null,"abstract":"Applying the definition of apocalyptic texts proposed by John Collins, this article analyses the thirty-ninth festal letter of Athanasius of Alexandria (328–373) with its famous list of biblical canonical writings. In the letter, Athanasius dismisses certain apocalyptic texts associated with Enoch, Isaiah and Moses as dispensable and even heretical. In contrast, the canonical apostolic writings were held to contain sufficient instruction from Christ, the true teacher. This position did not prevent the subsequent composition of further apocalyptic texts, one example of which, the Didaskalia of Christ, is presented in this article. Obviously, new themes and debates stimulated the continued production of apocryphal writings even after agreement had been reached on the canon of biblical texts.","PeriodicalId":126034,"journal":{"name":"Cultures of Eschatology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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