Frontiers in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Association between micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and preterm birth: evidence from a large-scale children survey and Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Liwen Ding, Yiliang Liu, Xiaona Yin, Guomin Wen, Dengli Sun, Danxia Xian, Yafen Zhao, Maolin Zhang, Weikang Yang, Weiqing Chen","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1451006","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1451006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and under-five mortality worldwide, with long-term health impacts. While micronutrient supplementation shows promise in preventing PTB, its effectiveness remains controversial due to confounding factors. This study aims to elucidate the association between micronutrient supplementation and PTB risk by analyzing a large-scale children survey and employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) to address confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study recruited 66,728 mother-child dyads in Longhua District, Shenzhen, China in 2021. Participants provided information on micronutrient supplementation (multinutrient, folic acid, calcium, and iron) through a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression assessed the association between micronutrient supplementation and PTB in crude, adjusted, and full-inclusion models. MR analysis used summary-level GWAS data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortiums. The main MR analyses employed inverse variance weighting (IVW), with sensitivity analyses including MR Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-PRESSO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Observational analysis indicated folic acid (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.72-0.89), calcium (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.80-0.96), and iron (OR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.86-0.98) as protective factors against PTB, especially in co-supplementation, while multinutrient supplementation showed no significant effect. MR analysis indicating a consistent protective effect of calcium (OR_IVW = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.004-0.42, <i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>p</i> _FDR <0.05). Sensitivity analyses supported these findings, detecting no bias or pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining observational data with genetic causal inference, our study confirms the protective roles of folic acid, calcium, and iron against PTB, with MR particularly highlighting calcium's causal association with reduced PTB risk. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding and underscore the importance of targeted nutritional interventions, especially calcium, in prenatal care for PTB prevention. However, given the limitations of the self-reported data and the lack of information on doses used in our study, future prospective studies with more detailed micronutrient information are needed to provide more comprehensive evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1451006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among children and adolescents with visual impairment during different segments of the school day.","authors":"Li Dou, Huawei Chen, Yemao Xia, Enjie Lu","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566561","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The seasonal variation in physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents with visual impairment (VI) is a significant public health concern, as they often experience unique barriers to engaging in regular PA. This study examines the seasonal variation in accelerometer-assessed PA among children and adolescents with VI during four distinct segments of the school day: physical education (PE) class, recess, lunchtime, and one-hour club time.</p><p><strong>Participants and methods: </strong>A total of 63 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years from a specialized VI school in eastern China participated in the study. PA was measured using ActiGraph® accelerometers during winter and summer in 2022-2023 academic year. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the effects of seasonal variation on the time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) by children and adolescents with VI across the four segments of the school day. Additionally, linear mixed models were conducted to estimate seasonal variation in MVPA proportions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that children and adolescents with VI engaged in a higher level of MVPA during winter compared to summer. Across both seasons, primary students exhibited significantly higher cumulative MVPA than secondary students during four school day segments. PE classes were found to constitute the highest percentage of MVPA. Furthermore, the proportion of time spent in MVPA during winter was higher than in summer during recess and lunchtime. Gender differences were also noted, with boys exhibiting higher levels of MVPA than girls during recess and PE time. Additionally, grade-level differences were identified during recess, PE, and lunchtime.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that seasonal factors should be considered when designing physical activity programs for children and adolescents with VI. In particular, more PE classes should be provided and strategies should be adopted to increase MVPA levels during recess and lunchtime in both seasons, which may help children and adolescents with VI to meet the internationally recommended PA standards. Future research should explore the underlying factors influencing seasonal variations in PA among this population and develop targeted interventions to promote MVPA engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1566561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crucial role the field epidemiology training program played in preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone, January 2020 to August 2022.","authors":"Gebrekrstos Negash Gebru, Alden Keith Henderson, Adel Hussein Elduma, James Sylvester Squire, Mohamed Alex Vandi, Daphane Moffett, Monique Foster","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566824","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHIEC). On March 11, 2020, it was characterized as a pandemic, prompting the Government of Sierra Leone to implement response plans. The first case in the country was reported on March 31, 2020. To build resilient public health systems after the Ebola crisis, the Sierra Leone Field Epidemiology Training Program (SLFETP) was launched in 2016 with funding from the U.S. CDC in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET). The program started at the FETP Frontline level, a 3-month in-service training program, followed by the FETP Intermediate, a 9-month in-service training program launched in 2017. Both levels adopted the CDC curriculum to the local context. The curriculum consists of classroom modules focusing on surveillance, outbreak investigation, and field projects. The SLFETP graduates and trainees were deployed to assist in COVID-19 response efforts. While reports indicate the SLFETP's contributions to COVID-19 preparedness and response, the specific roles of its graduates and trainees remain undocumented. This paper outlines their crucial involvement during the pandemic in Sierra Leone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed 12 documents from the SLFETP, including work plans, outbreak investigation reports, and success stories, to assess the FETP's contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We interviewed graduates and trainees about their roles and conducted discussions with stakeholders and FETP staff to explore the FETP's role during the pandemic's preparedness and response phases. A thematic analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SLFETP played a critical role during the preparedness and response phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The trainees and graduates enhanced the surveillance system and led key response pillars, such as coordination, surveillance, and quarantine. SLFETP supported districts by building their capacity, especially in the district surveillance pillar, to conduct case investigations, contact tracing, quarantine monitoring, and data management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The graduates and trainees reportedly played critical roles in key response pillars across the country in the preparedness and response phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. These gains should be maintained and scaled up to build a strong and resilient public health workforce in Sierra Leone, which is crucial for preparedness and response to future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1566824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden and trends of infectious diseases among children aged 14 and below in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the 2021 global burden of disease study.","authors":"Chun Guo Miao, Gui Rong Le, Si Yan Miao, Zhi Xin Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1541751","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1541751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious diseases remain one of the leading causes of death among children worldwide. This study aims to analyze the burden and trends of infectious diseases among children aged 0-14 years in China from 1990 to 2021, and evaluate their gender- and age-specific impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 to analyze mortality, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) for infectious diseases in Chinese children. Statistical analysis was performed using R and ggplot2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, China observed substantial declines in pediatric infectious disease burdens. Acute hepatitis mortality decreased from 7,349 deaths (95% UI:5,987-9,059) to 87 (EAPC: -13.78), with a fivefold reduction in ASMR. Enteric infections exhibited the steepest decline: incidence dropped by 86% (EAPC: -6.72), and ASDR fell from 2,257 to 67/100,000. HIV/AIDS deaths rose from 62 to 555 (EAPC:8.28), though post-2018 declines emerged. By 2021, lower respiratory infections remained the leading cause of death (ASMR:5.11/100,000), while upper respiratory infections had the highest incidence. Females showed faster reductions in enteric (EAPC: -7.44 vs. -6.20) and lower respiratory infections (EAPC: -10.39 vs. -9.76). Children under 5 faced the highest burden, particularly for lower respiratory infections (ASMR:13.02/100,000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall burden of infectious diseases among children in China has declined, especially for enteric infections and acute hepatitis. The burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS has also decreased in recent years, though adolescent HIV/AIDS education remains a key area of concern. Children under 5 continue to represent the highest burden group. While China's infectious disease control measures and immunization programs have played a vital role, further strengthening policies to address ongoing challenges is essential for effectively reducing the burden of infectious diseases and achieving the Healthy China 2030 goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1541751"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098070/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic characteristics and effectiveness of vaccine intervention on rotavirus infection: a real-world observational study in Zhejiang Province, China.","authors":"Ziping Miao, Yuxia Du, Anqi Dai, Mengya Yang, Can Chen, Rui Yan, Jian Gao, Yijuan Chen, Kexin Cao, Daixi Jiang, Xiaobao Zhang, Xiaoyue Wu, Mengsha Chen, Yue You, Wenkai Zhou, Dingmo Chen, Jiaxing Qi, Shiyong Zhao, Xianyao Lin, Shigui Yang","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1596899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1596899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rotavirus infection, the most common cause of infant infectious diarrhoea and related deaths worldwide, has imposed a high disease burden in China, especially in Zhejiang Province. This study described the overall epidemiological characteristics and trends of reported rotavirus infections in Zhejiang Province from 2005 to 2022 and evaluated the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines on the incidence of rotavirus infection.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data on reported cases of rotavirus infection from 2005 to 2022 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Information on rotavirus vaccination was obtained from the Zhejiang Provincial Viral Diarrhoea Surveillance Site in 2022. Join-point regression, spatial and temporal aggregation analysis, and an age-period-cohort model were used to explore the epidemiological trends of rotavirus infection. Interrupted time series analysis and an overdispersed Poisson model were used to quantify the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age-standardized reporting incidence rate (ASRIR) of rotavirus infection in Zhejiang Province was 38.58/100,000, particularly in children aged 0-2 years, who had the highest average annual incidence of 951.63/100,000. The annual ASRIR of all ages showed a significant upward trend before 2017 (average percentage change [APC] = 21.64%) and then decreased significantly (APC = -23.02%). However, in children aged 6-19 years, the annual incidence presented a sustained and significant upward trend over time. The rotavirus infection peak showed a seasonal drift in Zhejiang Province, shifting from November before 2014 to January after 2014. Spatiotemporal aggregation revealed two clusters. The spatio-temporal scanning found two spatio-temporal aggregation areas, the first level spatio-temporal aggregation area was distributed in Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, and the second level spatio-temporal aggregation area was Lishui. The age-period-cohort model indicated that the risk of rotavirus infection was primarily concentrated in children aged 0-4 years. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) of rotavirus vaccines was 71.62% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.21-86.05%) in children aged 2-59 months, in which the VE of the human-bovine reassortant pentavalent vaccine (RV5) was 91.31% (95% CI: 74.39-97.97%). Since the implementation of RV5 vaccination in September 2018, the number of cases of rotavirus infection per month has decreased by 3,061 (65.27%) in Zhejiang Province.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The disease burden of rotavirus infection in Zhejiang Province was high, especially in children. Rotavirus vaccination have significantly reduced the incidence rate of rotavirus infection. Therefore, the prevention of infectious diarrhoea should be further strengthened, especially through increased coverage with the rotavirus vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1596899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandela Yoga: a community case study for a post-incarceration reentry service for men of color in recovery.","authors":"Richa Gawande, Felipe Kalatauma Rosario, Carlos Santiago, Jeffrey Thomas, Julia Naganuma-Carreras, Tori Blot, Keyona Aviles, Paula Gardiner, Zev Schuman-Olivier","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1514946","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1514946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disparities in substance use treatment access and outcomes between communities with racially, economically, linguistically, and mentally/physically marginalized identities and more privileged populations are staggering. Communities of color lack access to culturally resonant treatment options that incorporate the role of racial oppression, address the chronic effects of stress on the nervous system, provide culturally-and linguistically-matched community support in substance use recovery, and contend with social determinants of health. Mandela Yoga, a community-based peer-led mindfulness intervention, was created to address disparities in health and substance use treatment access among communities of color. Mandela Yoga was co-developed by Black and Brown yoga teachers, therapists, and community leaders with lived experienced of recovery, incarceration, chronic illness, and racism. A Mandela Yoga community reentry services implementation was funded by a Massachusetts Department of Public Health Bureau of Substance Abuse Services grant for overdose risk reduction for people recently released from incarceration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In this community case study, we present a qualitative analysis of a 12-week Mandela Yoga implementation as part of a Federally Qualified Health Center reentry program focused on post-incarceration opioid overdose risk reduction among men of color. Through a community-based participatory approach, we feature the voices and lived experiences of the peer facilitator and a reentry services participant, who are co-authors and shaped the qualitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We documented attendance and conducted interviews with the Mandela Yoga peer facilitator and one participant. Together we conducted a thematic analysis of the interviews to explore key elements that most impacted recovery and healing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We report on the delivery and attendance of the implementation. We present excerpts illustrating four key themes that emerged from the interviews: (1) Breath and Mind-Body Connection Leads to Presence; (2) Consistency; (3) Peer Connection; (4) Agency and Positive Action.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We explore how Mandela Yoga may build recovery capital and the mechanisms by which it may support healing from addiction and trauma in communities of color. We discuss study limitations and considerations for future implementations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mandela Yoga shows promise as a mind-body-community intervention for communities of color in recovery and post-incarceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1514946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the attitudes and beliefs of Saudi female nursing students towards sexual healthcare: mixed method study.","authors":"Wafa Almegewly, Rasha Mohammed Hussein, Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1513090","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1513090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to explore the attitudes and beliefs of Saudi female nursing students towards sexual healthcare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A mixed-methods research design was employed on a sample of 247 Saudi female undergraduate nursing students using a non-probability sampling technique that incorporated a combination of purposive and snowball sampling. The participants completed an online questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and the Sexual Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (SABS), two open-ended questions asking about the reasons for denying sexual healthcare and related issues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that nursing students had a poor attitude towards discussing sexuality as essential to patients' health outcomes, with a mean score of 2.3 (SD = 1.4). Correlational analyses revealed a significantly high positive correlation between age and year of the program (r = 0.828, <i>p</i> < 0.001), a significant but very low positive association between age and Grade Point Average (GPA) (r = 0.198, <i>p</i> = 0.046), and a significant negative correlation between the belief that \"discussing sexuality is essential to patients' health outcomes\" and nursing students' GPA (r = -0.173, <i>p</i> = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The exploration of Saudi female nursing students' attitudes and beliefs towards sexual healthcare reveals a nuanced landscape where attitudes vary across different aspects of sexual health discussions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1513090"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of antioxidant nutrients in mitigating PM_2.5-related health risks in young Indian children.","authors":"Franciosalgeo George, Ekta Chaudhary, Sagnik Dey, Tinku Thomas, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Anura Kurpad, Santu Ghosh","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1575950","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1575950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pollution (PM_2.5) exposure can result in acute respiratory illness (ARI) and anaemia in children. We aimed to investigate if antioxidant nutrient intakes could mitigate the impact of PM_2.5 on child health outcomes on a national scale in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We triangulated satellite-derived PM_2.5 exposure data at the primary sampling unit level, with ARI and anaemia prevalence data from national district-level survey, and antioxidant nutrient intakes from household food expenditure survey. Logistic mixed effects regression model was used to estimate the effect of PM_2.5 at different levels of nutrient intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 208,782 children with valid ARI and 197,289 children with valid hemoglobin measurements. The prevalence of ARI and anaemia were 2.8% (95% CI: 2.3, 3.2) and 57.6% (95% CI: 57.2, 57.9) respectively. The intake of selected antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin C, D, and selenium, when higher than their estimated average requirement (EAR), lowered the risk of ARI associated with high PM_2.5 exposure, while intakes higher than the EAR of vitamins A, C, D, zinc, and selenium similarly lowered the risk of anaemia. In terms of foods, similar benefits were observed with daily consumption of small amounts of fruits and vegetables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of this study highlights the importance of antioxidant rich balance diet for neutralizing adverse health effects of air pollution exposure to some extent till the environmental policy of the country could reduce emission of hazardous pollutants below safe level for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1575950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking, 1990-2021, and projections to 2036: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.","authors":"Liangwen Shi, Zhixing Kuang, Jiannan Tu, Taiqin Wang, Tao Liu, Jingbo Liu, Jianzhi Liu","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1583045","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1583045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laryngeal cancer, predominantly linked to smoking, persists as a formidable global health challenge. Acquiring a deeper understanding of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking (LCAS) burden and trends is essential for crafting nuanced and impactful prevention and intervention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), mortality, and corresponding Age-Standardized DALY rate (ASDR) and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) were systematically evaluated using the GBD 2021 data. Temporal trends were characterized through Joinpoint regression analysis, while the influence of socioeconomic factors on disease distribution and the associated disparities was probed through correlation analysis. Decomposition analysis was employed to identify the key factors driving changes in DALY and mortality burdens, and the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was used to project future trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the past 30 years, the global burden of LCAS, as measured by DALYs and the number of deaths, has remained relatively stable with a modest increase of approximately 20.8 and 11.53%, respectively. However, both ASDR and ASMR have shown a decline, from 44.42 to 23.38 and from 1.61 to 0.89, respectively. Regionally, the burden is predominantly concentrated in Asia, Europe, as well as North Africa and the Middle East. In all regions, both ASDRs and ASMRs are on a downward trajectory, with the rate of decline being more pronounced as socio-economic indices (SDI) rise. Notably, Australasia, High-income Asia Pacific, and Western Europe exhibit the largest annual reductions in ASDRs and ASMRs. Population aging has been identified as the primary driver of DALYs and mortality burden in High-income Asia Pacific, while population growth plays a more significant role in other regions. In the next 15 years, both ASDR and ASMR are expected to continue their decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite progress in reducing LCAS rates over 30 years, regional disparities persist, strengthened tobacco control measures are essential to further alleviate the LCAS burden and reduce smoking-related mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1583045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of chronic disease among rural and medically underserved populations using smokeless tobacco.","authors":"Elaine Sang, Susan Silva, Sarah Grenon, Courtney Swinkels, Shamatree Shakya, Salsa Deshmukh, Laura J Fish, Mariana Da Costa, Leigh Ann Simmons, Herbert H Severson, Kathryn I Pollak, Devon Noonan","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1565910","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fpubh.2025.1565910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is significant public health problem in the U.S. and is associated with chronic diseases, which includes both physical and mental health conditions. Inequities in use exist as rural and other medically underserved populations use SLT more than that of the general population. Our study examined prevalence of chronic disease and identified associated risk factors among rural and medically underserved populations using smokeless tobacco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (<i>N</i> = 532) from a clinical trial promoting SLT cessation among adults living in rural and/or medically underserved areas and examined the rates of eight chronic diseases: cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, mental health conditions, diabetes, arthritis/orthopedic conditions, and hypertension. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for four of the most common chronic diseases among study participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 60% of our sample of rural and medically underserved adults who use SLT also have at least one chronic disease. The most common chronic diseases were hypertension (38%), arthritis/orthopedic (23%), mental health (21%), and diabetes (12%). Increasing age and poor/fair health were associated with having hypertension, arthritis/orthopedic conditions, and/or diabetes. In addition, drinking alcohol <5 days per week was associated with having diabetes. Meanwhile, greater nicotine dependence, marital status, and having stained teeth were associated with having a mental health condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings may inform the development of SLT cessation interventions as part of broader chronic disease management programs and as part of secondary prevention to minimize tobacco related morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":"13 ","pages":"1565910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}