Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"Effects of arch support on gait and postural control in middle-aged and older adults","authors":"Leyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yinglu Hong ,&nbsp;Gaoyuan He ,&nbsp;Yuncong Zhou ,&nbsp;Dapeng Bao ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this study, we examined the effects of arch support on middle-aged and older adults’ gait and postural control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-five middle-aged and older adults completed four study visits. On the first visit, the physical characteristics of each participant were determined. On each of the other three visits, participants completed the protocol under three different conditions: arch supportive footwear (SF), non-supportive footwear (NF), and barefoot (BF). Then participants first performed the single-leg stance test (SLST) and standing postural sway test (SPST). This was followed by a walking assessment (WA), with walking data recorded using wireless sensors. Finally, participants completed a 5-minute energy cost of walking test (CWT) on a treadmill.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was observed that compared to BF, SF had significantly longer time on SLST in CF condition (<em>p</em> = 0.036). However, for COP area in EC condition and mean velocity of COP in EO or EC condition, SF participants had significantly increased compared to BF (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.046). In addition, SF had significantly higher energy cost of walking compared to BF (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.033).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that arch support can help single leg standing balance and improve walking performance by increasing stride length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of foot orthoses on lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics in runners with asymptomatic flatfeet: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Abu Jor ,&nbsp;Noelle W.K. Lau ,&nbsp;Yufan He ,&nbsp;Aliyeh Daryabor ,&nbsp;Wing-Kai Lam ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Hobara ,&nbsp;Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Toshiki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Foot orthoses (FO) are commonly prescribed by clinicians to manage foot and ankle conditions and improve biomechanical function.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Are there any potential kinematic and kinetic effects of FO on individuals with asymptomatic flatfeet during running?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The database search from inception to September 2024, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane, and CINAHL, identified 12 studies including 18 different orthotic interventions. These included FO with either arch-support-only or arch-support with medial-side posts. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using ROBINS-I index. Primary outcome measures were joint angles and moments of midfoot/arch, ankle, and knee.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our meta-analysis revealed non-significant changes with the arch-support-only FO. However, random effects analysis indicated that arch-support FO with rearfoot and forefoot medial posts significantly decreased standardized mean difference (SMD) in peak ankle eversion angles (SMD=-0.41, 95 %CI[-0.78 to −0.04]), peak ankle invertor moments (SMD=-0.51, 95 %CI[-0.97 to −0.05]), and Achilles tendon loading rates (SMD=-0.94, 95 %CI[-1.78 to −0.09]) during running.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that arch-support FO with strategically placed medial posts may enhance stability and alleviate internal loading on the foot-ankle complex during running in individuals with asymptomatic flatfeet. Specifically, FO with medial posts at both the rearfoot and forefoot reduced peak ankle eversion angle, although this is based on only six studies. FO with such features may also decrease loading on the invertor muscles and Achilles tendon during running in individuals with asymptomatic flatfeet. Further research is needed to confirm these findings in larger populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 281-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing sensory organization test measures of the Bertec® Balance Advantage® CDP/IVRTM and NeuroCom® Smart EquiTest® computerized dynamic posturography systems in young and older healthy adults","authors":"Karson Curran ,&nbsp;Galen Holland ,&nbsp;Mark S. Redfern ,&nbsp;Rakié Cham","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Sensory Organization Test (SOT) on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) platforms is a tool used to assess standing balance. The Neurocom Smart Equitest (Natus Balance &amp; Mobility, Inc.) is an established CDP device and has been used in clinics and research since the 1980s. However, it is no longer produced nor maintained. Recently a new platform, the Bertec® Balance Advantage® CDP/IVRTM (Bertec Corporation, Columbus, OH), has come onto the market as a potential replacement for the NeuroCom. The two systems use different techniques for manipulating visual inputs, and thus it is unclear if performance measures from the two systems are comparable.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>The primary aim was to compare intrasubject SOT performance on Bertec CDP/IVR and NeuroCom EquiTest platforms. The second aim was to compare SOT performance for young and older healthy adults on the two platforms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-one (N = 31) participants were recruited and divided in two age groups (Older, Young). All participants attended two sessions of testing approximately one week apart. At each session, the standard clinical SOT (six conditions, three 20 s trials each) was conducted on one of the balance platforms. SOT performance was assessed via sway measures: the root-mean-square (RMS) and mean velocity of the center of pressure, as well as the standard Equilibrium (EQ) Score.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>There were significant differences in the measures of sway between the Bertec and Equitest platforms, particularly conditions 4–6. As expected, there were significant differences in sway metrics between the young and older participants. However, both age groups were consistent within each of the two platforms. These results indicate that new normative databases may need to be established specific to the Bertec system, and that results of the two systems should be compared with caution. Further research with a larger sample and diverse populations is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 308-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct hip–knee coordination patterns in individuals with hip osteoarthritis as measured by cyclograms","authors":"Lingling Zhong ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Ananda Sidarta ,&nbsp;Jack Jiaqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Patrick Wai-Hang Kwong","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hip osteoarthritis (HOA), involving cartilage degeneration and altered load distribution, disrupts gait biomechanics. While joint coordination plays a key role in efficient walking, dynamic inter-joint coordination changes across HOA progression remain underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Do inter-joint coordination patterns differ between healthy individuals and those with HOA? How does HOA severity affect inter-joint coordination, as analysed through hip-knee cyclograms and coupling angles?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a publicly available dataset, we analyzed 78 healthy individuals and 96 HOA participants, categorized into three subgroups based on Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade. The inter-joint coordination outcome measures included cyclograms perimeter, area, and coupling angle. ANCOVA (covariates: walking speed/weight/BMI) was conducted to examine differences in cyclogram area/perimeter between groups, while MANCOVA was performed to analyse differences in inter-joint coordination patterns between groups. Post-hoc comparison tests were performed where overall significance was observed using multiple t tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cyclogram area, perimeter, and coupling angle differed significantly between healthy and HOA groups (all p &lt; 0.001), but not among HOA severity subgroups. Healthy individuals showed in-phase coordination pattern during mid-stance, whereas individuals with HOA displayed proximal coordination. In individuals with HOA, the coordination pattern shifted from proximal to anti-phase earlier than in healthy individuals during terminal stance and early pre-swing. No significant difference in coordination pattern during the swing phase was observed between healthy individuals and individuals with HOA.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Hip-knee coordination patterns may serve as a biomechanical marker of HOA-related gait dysfunction, offering a potential avenue for prompt intervention and management of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a reactive task on gait initiation in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment","authors":"Qianhui Sun,&nbsp;Heng-Ju Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit deficits in motor control alongside cognitive decline. Gait initiation, a complex motor task, involves dynamic postural adjustments, fall risk, and cognitive demands. Reaction time tasks increase attentional and cognitive requirements. This study examined whether gait initiation differs between individuals with MCI and cognitively healthy adults and whether a reaction time task influences performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 30 participants were recruited, including 11 individuals with MCI and 19 cognitively healthy controls. Gait initiation was assessed under two conditions: self-initiated and light-triggered reactive gait initiation. Biomechanical parameters were collected using high-speed motion capture cameras and force plates, measuring center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) movement time, displacement, and velocity, as well as gait parameters such as step length, step width, and landing angle. A two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted to examine the effects of cognitive function and task condition on gait initiation performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Older adults with MCI exhibited shorter movement time, shorter COP displacement, and faster COP velocity when performing gait initiation under the reaction time task. Under the reactive time task condition, both groups demonstrated shorter total gait initiation time, greater COP displacement, faster COP velocity, shorter COM displacement, slower COM velocity, and shorter step length.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gait assessment in older adults with MCI should include gait initiation analysis, preferably incorporating reactive time tasks. Particular attention should be given to COP parameters in result interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of neurocognitive load on trunk variability in athletes during a hopping task","authors":"Haley Wong ,&nbsp;Lauren Triglione ,&nbsp;Richard Feinn ,&nbsp;Juan C. Garbalosa","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study’s purpose was to evaluate the effect of a neurocognitive load on hop task movement variability and outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen recreational and 18 NCAA Division 1 athletes performed 32 successful hopping trials in the absence and presence of a neurocognitive load. A 12-camera markerless motion analysis system recorded the hopping trials. The contact phase coordinate histories of the center of mass of the trunk (tCOM) of each hop were grouped according to presence or absence of neurocognitive load, hop direction, and hop number and the norm of the spanning set of the plus and minus 1 standard deviation curves were determined for each subject. Linear mixed models compared the load condition and athletic level and their interaction for each task outcome at a 0.05 alpha significance level.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>An effect of load condition or athletic level was not present (p &gt; .0.05) on the mean tCOM span set hop 1 or 2 contact phase norms. The tCOM variability does not appear to be affected by athletic level or neurocognitive load potentially indicating that tCOM is a key variable the neuromuscular system is attempting to control.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretations</h3><div>The stakes and stressors of the environment in which the athlete is being tasked with performing in should be heightened to ensure the nervous system is practicing the balance between safety and success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar spine passive stiffness can be predicted using trunk moment of inertia","authors":"Joshua S.M. Lowery ,&nbsp;Kayla M. Fewster","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><div>Many factors have been observed to change lumbar spine passive stiffness. However, it remains unknown if an ideal level of passive stiffness exists. The trunk’s moment of inertia is a determining factor to lumbar spine flexion and extension moments that are produced across one’s range of motion. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine if a relationship exists between lumbar spine passive stiffness and the trunk’s moment of inertia in healthy young individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><div>The passive stiffness of the lumbar spine was quantified in twenty-eight participants using a passive jig. The trunk’s moment of inertia was calculated according to anthropometric measures.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A significant relationship was observed between participants’ trunk moment of inertia and the stiffness within the transition and high stiffness zones in flexion, with individuals with a higher trunk moment of inertia being observed to have a higher lumbar spine passive stiffness.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These findings suggest that one’s trunk moment of inertia may be related to the passive stiffness of their lumbar spine and that one’s lumbar spine passive stiffness may be naturally occurring and be proportional to the counter-moments that are required to stabilize the trunk. Furthermore, it presents a novel avenue to be investigated as a possible predictor of one’s risk of low back pain and/or injury if discrepancies between moment of inertia and passive stiffness exist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Commission for Motion Laboratory Accreditation (CMLA): History, process, and peer-review to assure excellence in clinical motion analysis","authors":"James L. Carollo ,&nbsp;John Henley ,&nbsp;Joseph Krzak ,&nbsp;Audrey Zucker-Levin ,&nbsp;Jason Long ,&nbsp;Sylvia Õunpuu ,&nbsp;Wendy Pierce ,&nbsp;Kristan Pierz ,&nbsp;Aloysia L. Schwabe ,&nbsp;Jean L. Stout ,&nbsp;Amanda T. Whitaker ,&nbsp;Gordon Alderink","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-stratified validation of the performance index (P-Index) as a metric for dual-task cost in functional mobility across the adult lifespan","authors":"Aniuska Schiavo ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Tiecker ,&nbsp;Mariana dos Santos Oliveira ,&nbsp;Nathalia Roman Ross ,&nbsp;Fabiane de Oliveira Brauner ,&nbsp;Gustavo Balbinot ,&nbsp;Régis Gemerasca Mestriner","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the predictive validity of the Performance Index (P-Index), a metric that integrates functional mobility and accuracy of cognitive responses to quantify dual-task (DT) performance, for cognitive outcomes measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) across the adult lifespan during the instrumented Timed Up and Go (iTUG) test.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 247 participants from diverse age groups who completed single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) iTUG tests in a semi-randomized order. The P-Index (range: 0–1) was calculated using iTUG completion times (measured with inertial sensors) and cognitive task accuracy (backward recitation of days of the week), with weighted components for time (W₁) and accuracy (W₂).</div></div><div><h3>Main outcome measures</h3><div>The relationship between the P-Index and MMSE scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The optimal weighting for predictive accuracy was W₁ = 0.6 and W₂ = 0.4, yielding a P-Index threshold of 0.90 with a sensitivity of 0.69 and specificity of 0.64 for detecting MMSE scores ≥ 26. Participants who reported depressive symptoms (OR: 1.19, p = 0.02) were less likely to achieve MMSE ≥ 26. Conversely, each additional medication (OR: 1.04, p = 0005) and each unit increase in the P-Index significantly improved the odds of higher MMSE scores (OR: 3.89, p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The P-Index reliably measures dual-task interference and serves as a strong predictor of cognitive performance across the adult lifespan. It shows potential as a practical tool for cognitive-motor assessments and early detection of cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 273-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of standing postural sway without vision depend on the action and duration of stretched ankle muscles","authors":"Taylor M. Gauss ,&nbsp;Rhys M. Lormand ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Yeomans ,&nbsp;Julio B. Morales ,&nbsp;Cédrick T. Bonnet ,&nbsp;Jan M. Hondzinski","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In the literature, the impact of stretching on postural sway remains unclear. Potential differences across studies involve stretching different muscle groups or stretching muscle groups for different durations, which may alter proprioception abilities and postural sway. We questioned whether flexibility imbalances from short-term stretching of plantar flexors would increase postural sway and proprioception compared to short-term stretching of dorsiflexors and plantar flexors and whether postural sway and proprioception would increase with increased short-term stretch durations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested whether stretching opposing ankle muscles (opposed—plantar flexors and dorsiflexors) or non-opposing muscles (non-opposed—plantar flexors) for various times (0 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s) could influence standing sway and/or proprioception. Young adults received 2–4 bouts of ankle stretches to discomfort before performing static stance (participants stood still with eyes closed for 45 s on a force plate) and ankle proprioception (participants actively matched remembered ankle angles, measured with a goniometer) tasks after 30 s of opposed versus non-opposed stretching (Experiment 1 A) or various stretch times for non-opposed (Experiment 1B) and opposed (Experiment 2).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results revealed worse performance, thus increased variability of medio-lateral (ML) center of pressure (CoP) and lower ML CoP sample entropy, indicating less automation of sway, after opposed stretching compared to no stretch and/or non-opposed (Experiment 1 A) as well as increased ML CoP displacement and variability of ML CoP and lower ML CoP sample entropy after 45 s of opposed stretches compared to no stretch (Experiment 2). Stretching did not significantly influence proprioception; however, proprioception error negatively correlated with variability of ML CoP and ML CoP displacement.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The better ability to actively reproduce ankle positioning associates with a better internal sense of position and encourages an internal focus on movement, known to increase postural sway. Care should be taken with stretched-induced hypermobility in a balance-challenged environment like that with eyes closed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"121 ","pages":"Pages 209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}