Gait & posture最新文献

{"title":"The unexpected influence of a stiff minimalist insole on the forefoot and ankle joint biomechanics during walking","authors":"Jérémy Gonthier ,&nbsp;Christophe Gillet ,&nbsp;Sébastien Leteneur ,&nbsp;Graham J. Chapman ,&nbsp;Jim Richards ,&nbsp;Emilie Simoneau-Buessinger","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a minimalist stiff insole in limiting/reducing first metatarsophalangeal joint (1MTP) range of motion and to explore the impact on the ankle joint during walking. It was hypothesized that the minimalist stiff insole would significantly reduce 1MTP kinematic and kinetic parameters whilst causing compensatory effects at the ankle joint.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fourteen healthy participants were recruited. Three-dimensional lower limb and forefoot kinematics were measured during walking at a self-selected speed with a stiff and control insole. Discrete point statistical analysis and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) were used to evaluate the main effects of the insole conditions on kinematic and kinetic parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were seen between insole conditions during the 3rd rocker phase during walking with the stiff insole surprisingly increasing the range of motion (p &lt; 0.001), reducing MTP dorsiflexion angular velocity and increasing MTP plantarflexion angular velocity (p &lt; 0.001), and increasing external MTP dorsiflexion moment and power generation (p &lt; 0.001). At the ankle, the stiff insole increased ankle dorsiflexion angular velocity (p &lt; 0.001), decreased ankle plantarflexion angular velocity (p &lt; 0.001), and decreased ankle power absorption (p &lt; 0.001) and power generation (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion/clinical relevance</h3><div>Clinicians and researchers should be cautious about the expected mechanical effects and the actual biomechanical impact of stiff insoles and keep in mind that acting on one joint can create proximal compensations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMU-based linear and nonlinear metrics for the characterization of fine motor development in early childhood","authors":"Maria Cristina Bisi ,&nbsp;Rita Stagni","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fine motor competence assessment plays a pivotal role in neuropsychological examinations for the identification of developmental deficits. The Placing Bricks (PB) test evaluates fine motor competence relying on the measurement of time to completion. Recently, the PB test was instrumented using wearable inertial sensors to complement its standard assessment with reliable and objective measures of performance (<em>i.e.</em>, cycle and placing durations). This work aims at extending the metrics that allow a quantitative fine motor assessment and at investigating fine motor trajectory from 3 to 7 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How can IMU-based linear and nonlinear metrics provide insight into fine motor development during early childhood?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>126 typically developing children (3–7 years) performed the PB test with inertial sensors on both wrists. Temporal parameters (Cycle and Placing durations), their variability (interquartile range, short-term and long-term variability, via Poincaré plots) were calculated on angular velocities, and nonlinear metrics (multiscale entropy and recurrence quantification analysis) on acceleration data. The effects of age, handedness, and sex were analysed: parameters showing age effects were visualized using a polar plot with age reference bands.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results revealed differences related to age and hand dominance: cycle and placing durations as well as variability decreased, while multiscale entropy increased and recurrence decreased with age and when using the dominant hand. Both age and the use of the dominant hand are associated with shorter, less variable cycles, with more complex movement patterns, reflecting more mature fine motor control.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The patterns highlight specific characteristics of fine motor maturation, showing in which domain changes occur and towards which direction. The proposed IMU-based approach effectively described fine motor control development in the analysed population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 130-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The Commission for Motion Laboratory Accreditation (CMLA): History, process, and peer-review to assure excellence in clinical motion analysis” Gait Posture 121 (2025) 258–265","authors":"James J. Carollo ,&nbsp;John Henley ,&nbsp;Joseph Krzak ,&nbsp;Audrey Zucker-Levin ,&nbsp;Jason Long ,&nbsp;Sylvia Õunpuu ,&nbsp;Wendy Pierce ,&nbsp;Kristan Pierz ,&nbsp;Aloysia L. Schwabe ,&nbsp;Jean L. Stout ,&nbsp;Amanda T. Whitaker ,&nbsp;Gordon Alderink","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can we share data? – Kinematic consistency during walking in three different treadmill-based laboratories","authors":"Anke Van Bladel ,&nbsp;Rachel Senden ,&nbsp;Kenneth Meijer ,&nbsp;Pieter Meyns ,&nbsp;Lynn Bar-On","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Three-dimensional gait analysis is crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning. Treadmill-based laboratories efficiently collect 3D gait data over many consecutive steps. Pooling/sharing data across treadmill-based laboratories could enhance clinical utility. However, the inter-laboratory consistency of gait kinematics from treadmill-based systems is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>How consistent are lower-limb kinematics of healthy subjects measured in three different treadmill-based gait laboratories?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighteen volunteers (14 women; 27 ± 9 years; BMI 24 ± 3 kg/m²) walked in three treadmill-based laboratories (Motek Medical, The Netherlands) within one week. Per laboratory, participants completed 3-minute walking trials (0.9, 1.1, 1.3 m/s) wearing a non-weight-bearing harness and identical clothes and shoes. The same marker-set (Human-Body Model 2) and virtual reality configurations were used. Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to compare time-normalized kinematic curves of the lower-limb, averaged over 40 steps, between laboratories. Root mean square differences (RMSD) calculated over periods of the gait cycle with statistically significant differences were considered clinically meaningful when &gt; 5°.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>Kinematics curves from all laboratories followed similar patterns. Only 17 % of all curves displayed clinically relevant differences. These differences included more knee flexion in laboratory 2 compared to the others (RMSD 6.0–8.6°) and less hip flexion in laboratory 3 compared to laboratory 2 (all speeds) and to laboratory 1 (1.3 m/s; RMSD 5.4–6.4°). Reported differences are likely due to varying operator protocols rather than to the measurement system. The findings indicate that inter-laboratory data sharing using such infrastructure is possible but training to align protocols is essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insufficient morphological changes in the infrapatellar fat pad during walking in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","authors":"Yosuke Ishii ,&nbsp;Atsuo Nakamae ,&nbsp;Naofumi Hashiguchi ,&nbsp;Riko Okinaka ,&nbsp;Saeko Okamoto ,&nbsp;Takato Hashizume ,&nbsp;Kohei Matsumura ,&nbsp;Miharu Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Makoto Takahashi ,&nbsp;Nobuo Adachi","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) plays the knee joint’s buffers capacity based on flexible morphological changes under mechanical stress. Patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have insufficient IFP flexibility; however, morphological change under mechanical stress is still unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the morphological change in IFP (ΔIFP) during walking and their correlation with mechanical stress in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nineteen patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using an ipsilateral hamstring tendon graft (ACL group) and 18 age-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to evaluate knee flexion moment during walking. The IFP was evaluated using ultrasonography with motion analysis and recorded while walking in video mode. An IFP waveform was constructed using a sequence of IFP thicknesses on each image. In particular, the ΔIFP was shown as the difference in IFP between maximum and minimum values on the waveform.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The knee flexion moment in the ACL group was higher than that in the control group, whereas the ΔIFP was significantly lower in the ACL group. There was a significant correlation between ΔIFP and knee flexion moment in the control group, but not in the ACL group.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>ACL reconstruction has insufficient flexible morphological changes of IFP, which it could decline the reaction to mechanical stress during walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of Parkinson disease using Kriging Empirical Mode Decomposition via deep learning techniques","authors":"S. Jeba Priya ,&nbsp;P. Klinton Amaladass ,&nbsp;S. Thomas George ,&nbsp;M.S.P. Subathra ,&nbsp;G. Naveen Sundar","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disorder (PD) is a chronic, irreversible neurological disorder that is hard to identify and manage.</div></div><div><h3>Background</h3><div>In a clinical environment, doctors typically examine the gait irregularity using visual inspections and other indications to determine the gait disruption and significant symptoms of PD. The existing evaluation methods heavily rely on the doctors' knowledge and experiences, which might result in misinterpretation. Many previous studies use spatiotemporal features and monitoring systems to assist doctors in classifying PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Recent studies involve the decomposing techniques for the gait signals in order to lighten the dataset and computational time. In this paper, PD categorization from gait data is proposed using Kriging Empirical Mode Decomposition (KEMD) with several machine learning approaches and Deep learning techniques to estimate the accuracy of algorithms respectively. The outcome of the techniques were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>The LSTM method produced promising results among the ML and DL techniques, with the highest classification accuracy of 99.10 %, and it outperformed compared to other methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive interventions for medial tibial stress syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Thairon Bazone Teixeira Marques,&nbsp;Rhuan Pablo Sutil Rangel,&nbsp;Lisandra Vanessa Martins,&nbsp;Alessandra Paiva de Castro Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several randomized clinical trials have investigated preventive interventions for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS), but their findings remain controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Which interventions are effective in preventing MTSS?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review included randomized clinical trials evaluating preventive strategies for MTSS. In December 2023, we conducted a literature search in CAPES Periodicals portal, PUBMED, Web of Science, OVID, ScienceDirect Journals, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and PEDro, identifying 4192 records. A total of 12 studies with 8197 participants met the inclusion criteria, with 10 eligible for meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale and the certainty in the scientific evidence rated through the GRADE system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Meta-analyses indicated that neuromuscular training (four studies, 3887 individuals, 95 %CI Odds Ratio 0.13, 0.64) and overpronation insoles (four studies, 1047 individuals, 95 %CI Odds Ratio 0.10, 1.0) are effective in preventing MTSS, with high and moderate certainty of evidence, respectively. In contrast, shock-absorbing insoles showed no significant effect (two studies, 1571 individuals, 95 %CI Odds Ratio 0.28, 1.08), with high certainty of evidence. There is no evidence supporting the use of static stretching programs or special socks for MTSS prevention. The methodological quality of the included studies varied.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Neuromuscular training and overpronation insoles are recommended for MTSS prevention, whereas shock-absorbing insoles should not be used for this purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children with and without relapsed clubfoot show task-specific deviations in lower limb kinematics during several dynamic activities compared to typically developing children","authors":"L. Grin ,&nbsp;M.C. van der Steen ,&nbsp;L.S. van Dijk ,&nbsp;S.D.N. Wijnands ,&nbsp;A.T. Besselaar ,&nbsp;B. Vanwanseele","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The occurrence and the treatment of a relapsed clubfoot is a challenge in clubfoot care. Early recognition of relapse is important to minimize the invasiveness of treatment and its impact on foot functionality later in life. Gaining insight into a child's functional performance during various challenging activities will provide a comprehensive understanding of treatment outcomes which might result in crucial information for identifying relapse indicators.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study aims to identify kinematic differences during dynamic activities between relapsed and non-relapsed Ponseti-treated clubfoot patients, and typically developing children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Movement analysis, including the Helen Hayes model extended with the Oxford Foot model, was performed in 56 children; 14 relapsed clubfoot, 21 non-relapsed clubfoot and 21 age-matched TDC. Differences in lower extremity kinematics during walking, toe walking, heel walking and running were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to walking, more demanding activities accentuated task-specific deviations in children with clubfoot<em>,</em> such as limited plantar flexion during toe walking and decreased knee flexion during running. Children with relapsed clubfoot showed kinematic deviations in all three planes of motion across all four activities, compared with children with non-relapsed clubfoot or TDC. Differences are observed at the foot and the pelvis, as well as in the hip and knee joints.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>More demanding dynamic activities aid in distinguishing between relapsed and non-relapsed clubfoot, by revealing task-specific deviations. Furthermore, our findings suggest that clinical assessment of clubfoot should include attention to compensations rather than only focusing on foot-specific characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of self-perception and perception gap in walking speed with frailty: The Otassha study","authors":"Kazuyuki Sato ,&nbsp;Hisashi Kawai ,&nbsp;Keigo Imamura ,&nbsp;Manami Ejiri ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Sasai ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Hirohiko Hirano ,&nbsp;Kazushige Ihara ,&nbsp;Shuichi Obuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.06.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine associations among the self-perception of age-related walking-speed decline, perception gap (discrepancy between objective and subjective walking-speed assessments), and frailty in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 467 older adults (age: 74.7 ± 6.3 years; female: 62 %) who participated in the 2019 (T1) and 2020 (T2) comprehensive health-checkup surveys conducted among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years. As a subjective walking-speed assessment, participants rated their perception of walking-speed change at T2 compared to before (negative/positive). As an objective assessment, they were classified as having a decline in or maintaining a stable walking speed based on whether their walking speed at T2 declined by &gt; 0.1 m/s compared to T1. Accordingly, participants were grouped into negative+decline (ND), negative+stable (NS), positive+decline (PD), and positive+stable (PS) groups. NS and PD groups had a perception gap. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist at T2. Covariates included sex, age, health conditions, and mental status. Associations between self-perception, perception gap, and frailty were examined using analysis of covariance and binary logistic regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Prevalences of negative self-perception and a perception gap were 66.6 % and 58.7 %, respectively. Negative self-perception groups had higher frailty scores and prevalence than those in the positive groups; no significant difference was observed between perception-gap and no-gap groups. In the four-group comparison, ND and NS groups had higher KCL scores than PD and PS groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Negative self-perception was associated with frailty, regardless of a perception gap. Addressing negative perceptions may help prevent frailty. Further research is needed on perception-related factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear analysis of the effects of vision and postural threat on upright stance","authors":"Sara E. Weinberg ,&nbsp;Stephen Palmisano ,&nbsp;Robert S. Allison ,&nbsp;Taylor W. Cleworth","doi":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Humans maintain upright stance to interact with their surroundings. Linear analysis of these processes fails to address the nonstationary behavior of the human body, whereas dynamical nonlinear approaches consider the underlying dynamics of postural sway. Here, behavior during upright stance was examined using nonlinear methods to provide additional insights into the effects of postural threat (height above ground) and vision on postural control.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Can nonlinear methods provide more comprehensive identification and analysis of height- and vision-related changes in quiet standing?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study is a secondary analysis of a previously collected and published dataset. Twenty young healthy adults performed a 60 s quiet standing balance task under all combinations of: (1) two height conditions: standing at ground level (LOW) and standing 3.2 m above ground level (HIGH); and (2) two visual conditions: eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Recurrence quantification analyses (RQA) were performed on centre of pressure (COP) and centre of mass (COM) data to calculate Recurrence Rate (%REC), Determinism (%DET), Entropy (ENT), and Average Line Length (LINE).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For COP, %DET, ENT, and LINE showed significant effects of vision and height, with the values of each measure being lowest in the HIGH-EC condition. For COM, %DET, ENT, and LINE showed significant effects for vision, with the values of each being lower in the EC compared to EO condition; additionally, %DET was significantly smaller in the HIGH condition compared to LOW.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>RQA identified differences in sway dynamics across both vision and height conditions that linear methods failed to detect. They represented greater randomness and adaptability in response to increased fear (HIGH) or decreased sensory information (EC). The novel effects observed with these RQA variables suggest nonlinear analyses provide a more robust tool for identifying the effects of postural threat and vision on upright stance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12496,"journal":{"name":"Gait & posture","volume":"122 ","pages":"Pages 123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}